The Ulster Progressive Unionist Association or, as it became within two months of its formation in June 1937, the Ulster Progressive Unionist Party (UPUP), was a political group formed to seek greater internal debate within unionism and to secure action on unemployment. The founder of the group was William John Stewart, the

Ulster Unionist Party The Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) is a unionist political party in Northern Ireland. The party was founded in 1905, emerging from the Irish Unionist Alliance in Ulster. Under Edward Carson, it led unionist opposition to the Irish Home Rule m ...

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

Member of Parliament A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members of ...

for Belfast South between 1929 and 1945. He continued to take the Conservative and Unionist whip at Westminster, even though Progressive Unionist candidates opposed Ulster Unionist ones in the 1938 Northern Ireland general election (taking an average of the 30% of the vote in the and the 10 seats contested) and in

1943 Antrim by-election The 1943 Antrim by-election was held on 11 February 1943. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent UUP MP, Joseph McConnell. It was won by the UUP candidate John Dermot Campbell John Ernest Dermot Campbell DL (20 January ...

. The Association provided the main opposition in the 1938 general election, as the Nationalist Party decided to boycott in some areas, and the

Northern Ireland Labour Party The Northern Ireland Labour Party (NILP) was a political party in Northern Ireland which operated from 1924 until 1987. Origins The roots of the NILP can be traced back to the formation of the Belfast Labour Party in 1892. William Walker stoo ...

was only able to contest five seats. It represented a former section of the Ulster Unionist Party which opposed the official economic policy; in particular, the lack of urgency in dealing with unemployment and housing shortages. It proposed the maintenance of the union with the rest of the United Kingdom, the equalisation of taxation with the rest of the UK (which would have increased government revenues), and the use of this to tackle unemployment and provide housing with cheap rents. It also proposed to adopt the programme of the

Ulster Farmers Union The Ulster Farmers Union (UFU) is a member organisation/industry association for farmers in Northern Ireland. The UFU was formed in 1918 and currently claims over 12,500 members. Presidency Previous Presidents of the UFU included Sir Basil Broo ...

.John F. Harbinson, ''The Ulster Unionist Party, 1882-1973'', p.219–222 While it soon became apparent that the Association would not win a significant number of seats, it was widely believed that Stewart would either win or come very close in Belfast Cromac, against the young official candidate Maynard Sinclair. However, Sinclair won comparatively easily, with a majority of 29% of the total of votes cast. The closest contest came in East Down, where W. J. Price came within 1,000 votes of taking a seat, but even there, where the Nationalists were not contesting, the UPUA was unable to attract tactical votes from nationalists.

Progressive Unionist candidates

'' 1938 Northern Ireland general election'' # Phoebe Moody '' Belfast Bloomfield'' 3,988 (29.7%) # William John Stewart '' Belfast Cromac'' 4,337 (35.5%) # Robert Bradford '' Belfast Oldpark'' 1,253 (8.6%) # John Dilworth Wallace '' Belfast St Anne's'' 5,172 (31.6%) # Joseph McMaster '' Belfast Victoria'' 3,434 (24.5%) # Reginald Hanson Press '' Belfast Windsor'' 4,429 (33.0%) # John Graham '' Antrim, Antrim'' 5,374 (39.8%) # Andrew Beggs '' Antrim Mid'' 4,514 (32.5%) # Robert Nathaniel Boyd '' Antrim North'' 4,477 (35.3%) # William John Price ''

Down East "Down East", also "Downeast", is a term for parts of eastern coastal New England and Canada, particularly the U.S. state of Maine and Canada's Maritime Provinces, an area that closely corresponds to the historical French territory of Acadia. Th ...

'' 4,050 (44.8%) * Total: 42,425 votes (12.9% of the Northern Ireland vote in the 31 contested seats) - finished second in terms of votes but won no seats ''United Kingdom by-election 11 February 1943'' * Reginald Hanson Press '' Antrim'' 1,432 (2.3%)

References

Bibliography

* ''Who's Who of British Members of Parliament, Vol. III 1919-1945'', edited by M. Stenton and S. Lees (The Harvester Press 1979) * ''British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949'', compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1977) * ''Northern Ireland Parliamentary Election Results 1921-1972'', compiled and edited by Sydney Elliott (Political Reference Publications 1973) {{Defunct political parties in Northern Ireland Political parties established in 1938 Defunct political parties in Northern Ireland Ulster unionist organisations