Ulmus 'Scampstoniensis' on:
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Image:Scampston Weeping Elm.jpg, Scampston Weeping Elm, a drawing of 1868
Loudon described the Scampston Elm, in a letter of 1836 to the ''Newcastle Courant'', as "generally understood to have been extensively planted in Northumberland about 80 years ago". The Scampston Elm was in cultivation on both sides of the Atlantic in the 19th century and was occasionally referred to as ''Ulmus americana pendula''. (Other European elms described as 'American' by various nurseries include 'Vegeta', 'Lutescens', and 'Nana'.) The American horticulturalist Frank Jesup Scott in ''The Art of Beautifying Suburban Home Grounds of Small Extent'' (1870) described how two "Scampston elms" could be pruned and trained to form an archway of weeping elm. "A weeping variety of the Scampston Elm" was described at the
''A Manual for the Park''
(Royal Victoria Park, Bath). Longman, London. One tree was planted in 1896 as ''U. glabra scampstoniensis'' at the
File:Groote treuriep (Ulmus Scabra Pendula) in den Hortus te Leiden.jpg, A heavily pruned semi-weeping elm in the Hortus Botanicus Leiden (c.1920), possibly the ''U. americana Pendula'' 'Scampstoniensis'of the 'Three Weeping Elms' article, 1890
File:BH00070 Ulmus. Woodvale Cemetery, Brighton. (6).jpg, Woodvale Cemetery tree, Brighton (2005), showing prolific long shoots
File:Ulmus x hollandica (unknown cultivar). Woodvale Crematorium, Lewes Road, Brighton (1).jpg, Leaves of Woodvale Cemetery tree, Brighton
File:BH00070 Ulmus. Woodvale Cemetery, Brighton. (1).jpg, Long-shoot leaf-spray of same
File:BH00070 Ulmus. Woodvale Cemetery, Brighton. (2).jpg, Underside
File:BH00070 Ulmus. Woodvale Cemetery, Brighton. (5).jpg, Samarae of same
File:Ulmus x hollandica (unknown cultivar). Woodvale Crematorium, Lewes Road, Brighton (2).jpg, Bole of same
File:BH00070 Ulmus. Woodvale Cemetery, Brighton. (8).jpg, 'Scampstoniensis' bark, above the graft line
File:Ulmus x hollandica (unknown cultivar). Branches in winer. Woodvale Crematorium, Lewes Road, Brighton.jpg, Pendulous branchlets
in Petzold
& Kirchner
''Arboretum Muscaviense'' 560, 1864
*''Ulmus americana pendula'' Sheet labelled ''U. americana pendula'' Hort. Audibert (
The elm
described the tree, from a specimen growing in cultivar
A cultivar is a kind of Horticulture, cultivated plant that people have selected for desired phenotypic trait, traits and which retains those traits when Plant propagation, propagated. Methods used to propagate cultivars include division, root a ...
''Ulmus'' 'Scampstoniensis', the Scampston Elm or Scampston Weeping Elm, is said to have come from Scampston Hall
Scampston Hall is a Grade II* listed English country house, country house in North Yorkshire, England, with a serpentine park designed by Charles Bridgeman and Capability Brown. It is located on the north side of the A64 Leeds/Scarborough road ...
, Yorkshire
Yorkshire ( ) is an area of Northern England which was History of Yorkshire, historically a county. Despite no longer being used for administration, Yorkshire retains a strong regional identity. The county was named after its county town, the ...
, England, before 1810. Loudon opined that a tree of the same name at the Royal Horticultural Society's Garden in 1834, high at 8 years old "differed little from the species" (i.e. the smooth-leaved elm, his ''U. glabra'' ''Ulmus minor'' ">Ulmus_minor.html" ;"title="''Ulmus minor">''Ulmus minor'' . Augustine Henry">Henry
Henry may refer to:
People and fictional characters
* Henry (given name), including lists of people and fictional characters
* Henry (surname)
* Henry, a stage name of François-Louis Henry (1786–1855), French baritone
Arts and entertainmen ...Victoria Park, Bath, Somerset">Bath
Bath may refer to:
* Bathing, immersion in a fluid
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** Public bathing, a public place where people bathe
* Thermae, ancient Roman public bathing facilities
Plac ...
, as "a weeping form of ''U. nitens''" [:''Ulmus minor'' ]; however Green considered it "probably a form of ''Ulmus × hollandica''". Writing in 1831, Loudon said that the tree was supposed to have originated in America. ''U. minor'' is not, however, an American species, so if the tree was brought from America, it must originally have been taken there from Europe. There was (and is) an 'American Plantation' (or 'America Plantation') at Scampston, which may be related to this supposition. A number of old specimens of 'Scampstoniensis' in this plantation were blown down in a great gale of October 1881; younger specimens were still present at Scampston in 1911.
Georg Dieck of the National Arboretum in Zöschen
Zöschen is a village and a former municipality in the district Saalekreis, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 31 December 2009, it is part of the town Leuna
Leuna () is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, eastern Germany, south of Merseburg and Halle, Saxon ...
, Germany, considered 'Scampstoniensis' a synonym of ''Ulmus scabra Serpentina'' ''U.'' × ''hollandica'' 'Serpentina' ">Ulmus × hollandica 'Serpentina'">''U.'' × ''hollandica'' 'Serpentina' a view rejected by Petzold, who in his ''Arboretum Muscaviense'' listed 'Scampstoniensis' separately, and by the Hortus Botanicus Leiden
The Hortus botanicus of Leiden is the oldest botanical garden of the Netherlands, and one of the oldest in the world. It is located in the southwestern part of the historical centre of the city, between the Academy building and the old Leiden Ob ...
, which had a specimen of 'Scampstoniensis' (see below). "From the Travemünder Nurseries we received an ''U. scampstoniensis'', an elm with a beautiful pendulous shape," wrote Petzold, "that we distinguish from our ''U. montana Pendula.''"
Description
'Scampstoniensis' was said to droop its branches very distinctly and regularly, giving the tree a symmetrical form, as though it had been regularly trained and trimmed, unlike 'Camperdownii', which had less of a tendency to regular drooping, and with less abundant foliage. A 1911 article in 'Historical Notes of Rillington and Scampston' described 'Scampstoniensis' as "remarkable for its size when mature, for its spreading habit, and its rough corky bark".Pests and diseases
'Scampstoniensis' is not noted to have any resistance to Dutch elm disease.Cultivation
Loudon described the Scampston Elm, in a letter of 1836 to the ''Newcastle Courant'', as "generally understood to have been extensively planted in Northumberland about 80 years ago". The Scampston Elm was in cultivation on both sides of the Atlantic in the 19th century and was occasionally referred to as ''Ulmus americana pendula''. (Other European elms described as 'American' by various nurseries include 'Vegeta', 'Lutescens', and 'Nana'.) The American horticulturalist Frank Jesup Scott in ''The Art of Beautifying Suburban Home Grounds of Small Extent'' (1870) described how two "Scampston elms" could be pruned and trained to form an archway of weeping elm. "A weeping variety of the Scampston Elm" was described at the Royal Victoria Park, Bath
Royal Victoria Park is a public park in Bath, England. It was opened in 1830 by the 11-year-old Princess Victoria, seven years before her ascension to the throne, and was the first park to carry her name. It was privately run as part of the ...
, in 1857 and 1902, where was listed as ''U. montana Glabra'' 'smooth'(-leaved)''microphylla pendula''.Hanham, F. (1857)''A Manual for the Park''
(Royal Victoria Park, Bath). Longman, London. One tree was planted in 1896 as ''U. glabra scampstoniensis'' at the
Dominion Arboretum
The Dominion Arboretum () is an arboretum part of the Central Experimental Farm of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Originally begun in 1889, the Arboretum covers about of rolling land between Prince of Wales Drive, ...
, Ottawa
Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It is located in the southern Ontario, southern portion of the province of Ontario, at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the cor ...
, Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...
. Three specimens supplied by the Späth nursery The Späth (often spelt ''Spaeth'') family created one of the world's most notable plant nurseries of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The nursery had been founded in 1720 by Christoph Späth but removed to the erstwhile district of Baumschulen ...
of Berlin to the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) is a scientific centre for the study of plants, their diversity and conservation, as well as a popular tourist attraction. Founded in 1670 as a physic garden to grow medicinal plants, today it occupies ...
in 1902 as ''U. glabra'' 'smooth'(-leaved)''Scampstoniensis'' Sheet labelled ''U. glabra scampstoniensis'', from Späth nursery The Späth (often spelt ''Spaeth'') family created one of the world's most notable plant nurseries of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The nursery had been founded in 1720 by Christoph Späth but removed to the erstwhile district of Baumschulen ...
, 1902; Sheet labelled ''U. glabra scampstoniensis'', from Späth nursery, 1902; Sheet labelled ''U. glabra scampstoniensis'', from Späth nursery, 1902 may survive in Edinburgh
Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. The city is located in southeast Scotland and is bounded to the north by the Firth of Forth and to the south by the Pentland Hills. Edinburgh ...
, as it was the practice of the Garden to distribute trees about the city (viz. the Wentworth Elm).The current list of Living Accessions held in the Garden ''per se'' does not list the plant. A specimen obtained from Späth before 1914 as ''U. glabra scampstoniensis'', and planted in 1916, stood in the Ryston Hall arboretum, Norfolk
Norfolk ( ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in England, located in East Anglia and officially part of the East of England region. It borders Lincolnshire and The Wash to the north-west, the North Sea to the north and eas ...
, in the early 20th century. Elwes saw the decayed stump of the original tree at Scampston Hall
Scampston Hall is a Grade II* listed English country house, country house in North Yorkshire, England, with a serpentine park designed by Charles Bridgeman and Capability Brown. It is located on the north side of the A64 Leeds/Scarborough road ...
, by which time (1913) the tree was no longer known to be in cultivation in nurseries in England. 'Scampstoniensis' continued to be distributed by the Späth nursery The Späth (often spelt ''Spaeth'') family created one of the world's most notable plant nurseries of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The nursery had been founded in 1720 by Christoph Späth but removed to the erstwhile district of Baumschulen ...
and the Hesse Nursery of Weener
Weener () is a town in the district of Leer (district), Leer, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated near the border with the Netherlands, on the river Ems (river), Ems. The towns population is at 15,654, making it the largest town of the region ...
, Germany, into the 1930s.
Possibly only two specimens now survive in the UK, as grafted trees, in Brighton
Brighton ( ) is a seaside resort in the city status in the United Kingdom, city of Brighton and Hove, East Sussex, England, south of London.
Archaeological evidence of settlement in the area dates back to the Bronze Age Britain, Bronze Age, R ...
, England; see 'Notable trees' below. Another possible specimen stands in Fort Street, Cambridge, Waikato, New Zealand.
A clone cultivated in China as ''Ulmus americana'' 'Pendula', top-grafted on ''Ulmus pumila
''Ulmus pumila'', the Siberian elm, is a tree native to Asia. It is also known as the Asiatic elm and dwarf elm, but sometimes mistakenly called the "Chinese" elm (''Ulmus parvifolia''). ''U. pumila'' has been widely cultivated throughout A ...
'' stock, is neither ''Ulmus americana
''Ulmus americana'', generally known as the American elm or, less commonly, as the white elm or water elm, is a species of elm native to eastern North America. The trees can live for several hundred years. It is a very Hardiness (plants), hardy ...
'' nor Scampston elm (formerly mis-named ''Ulmus americana'' 'Pendula'), but, in the case of the majority of photographs on the Plant Photo Bank of China, a weeping form of ''U. glabra'' Huds., probably 'Camperdownii'.
Notable trees
A weeping elm in theHortus Botanicus Leiden
The Hortus botanicus of Leiden is the oldest botanical garden of the Netherlands, and one of the oldest in the world. It is located in the southwestern part of the historical centre of the city, between the Academy building and the old Leiden Ob ...
was described there by the curator in 1890 in a ''Sempervirens'' article as an ''Ulmus americana Pendula'', one of the synonyms of 'Scampstoniensis'. It was carefully distinguished by him from two forms of weeping wych elm
''Ulmus glabra'', the wych elm or Scots elm, has the widest range of the European elm species, from Ireland eastwards to the Ural Mountains, and from the Arctic Circle south to the mountains of the Peloponnese and Sicily, where the species reac ...
nearby, and was said to produce, in addition, vigorous ascending branches that needed regular pruning to maintain a tidy weeping shape. Three weeping elms were later photographed in the Hortus c.1920, two of them forms of weeping wych, the third a semi-weeping elm with smaller leaves and numerous long shoots, many ascending, that appears at one time to have been pruned: by process of elimination, the ''Ulmus americana Pendula'' ('Scampstoniensis') of the 1890 ''Sempervirens'' article. The c.1920 tree, though mature, closely resembles the 1859 illustration of a young 'Scampstoniensis' in New York, while a 1931 ''Ulmus americana pendula'' herbarium specimen from Leiden matches the 1902 Späth 'Scampstoniensis' specimens held in RBGE. The 1890 article had expressed doubts about the name ''Ulmus americana Pendula''; the c.1920 photograph labels the tree ''U. scabra'' ur ''U. glabra''''pendula'', despite its differences from the two weeping wych clones. The herbarium of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Naturalis Biodiversity Center () is a national museum of natural history and a research center on biodiversity in Leiden, Netherlands. It was named the European Museum of the Year 2021.
Although its current name and organization are relatively ...
in Leiden
Leiden ( ; ; in English language, English and Archaism, archaic Dutch language, Dutch also Leyden) is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Provinces of the Nethe ...
holds leaf specimens labelled "''U. carpinifolia'' 'Pendula' (formerly called ''U. glabra'' Hudson 'Scampstoniensis')", from a tree in the Wageningen
Wageningen () is a Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality and a historic city in the central Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. It is famous for Wageningen University, which specialises in life sciences. The municipality had a ...
Arboretum.
The possible UK TROBI Champions grow in Woodvale Cemetery, Brighton, perhaps planted in 1851; two grafted trees, survivors of some ten c.1980, measuring 26 m high by 73 cm d.b.h.
Diameter at breast height, or DBH, is a standard method of expressing the diameter of the trunk or bole of a standing tree. DBH is one of the most common dendrometric measurements.
Tree trunks are measured at the height of an adult's breast, ...
, and 22 m by 70 cm, in 2002. One of the two lost half its crown in a storm of 2016.Johnson, O. (2011). ''Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland'', p. 169. Kew Publishing, Kew, London. . Their leaves are a good match for herbarium leaf-specimens of 'Scampstoniensis' (Späth) held in the RBGE, and their prolific long shoots match those of the Leiden tree.
Synonymy
*''Ulmus glabra'' var. ''scampstoniensis'': Kirchnerin Petzold
& Kirchner
''Arboretum Muscaviense'' 560, 1864
*''Ulmus americana pendula'' Sheet labelled ''U. americana pendula'' Hort. Audibert (
Kew Gardens
Kew Gardens is a botanical garden, botanic garden in southwest London that houses the "largest and most diverse botany, botanical and mycology, mycological collections in the world". Founded in 1759, from the exotic garden at Kew Park, its li ...
specimen), 1854
*''Ulmus montana pendula nova''
Accessions
North America
*Dominion Arboretum
The Dominion Arboretum () is an arboretum part of the Central Experimental Farm of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Originally begun in 1889, the Arboretum covers about of rolling land between Prince of Wales Drive, ...
, Ottawa
Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It is located in the southern Ontario, southern portion of the province of Ontario, at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the cor ...
, Canada. Accession no. 2594
Notes
References
{{Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars , state=collapsed Elm cultivars Ulmus articles with images Ulmus Ulmus Edinburgh Spath 1902