Ulmus 'Plantyn'
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''Ulmus'' 'Plantyn' (Anglicized form of 'Plantijn') was one of three Dutch
hybrid Hybrid may refer to: Science * Hybrid (biology), an offspring resulting from cross-breeding ** Hybrid grape, grape varieties produced by cross-breeding two ''Vitis'' species ** Hybridity, the property of a hybrid plant which is a union of two diff ...
elm Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the genus ''Ulmus'' in the family Ulmaceae. They are distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting the temperate and tropical- montane regions of North America and Eurasia, ...
s released by the Dorschkamp Research Institute for Forestry & Landscape Planning,
Wageningen Wageningen () is a Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality and a historic city in the central Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. It is famous for Wageningen University, which specialises in life sciences. The municipality had a ...
, in 1973. Derived from a crossing of the Dutch hybrids '202' (''U.'' 'Exoniensis' × ''U. wallichiana'') and '302' (''U. minor'' '1' × ''U. minor'' '28'), it was to prove of great significance in later developments.Heybroek, H. M. (1976). ''Nederlands Bosbouw Tijdschrift'' 48: 117–23, 1976. A selfed seedling was to become the first Dutch clone to prove effectively immune to disease, released in 1989 as 'Columella'. 'Plantyn' was also destined to be the female parent of released in 2002.. In Italy, 'Plantyn' was used again as female parent in hybridizations with the Siberian Elm ''
Ulmus pumila ''Ulmus pumila'', the Siberian elm, is a tree native to Asia. It is also known as the Asiatic elm and dwarf elm, but sometimes mistakenly called the "Chinese" elm (''Ulmus parvifolia''). ''U. pumila'' has been widely cultivated throughout A ...
'' by the Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante (IPP), to create three new cultivars better adapted to the
Mediterranean climate A Mediterranean climate ( ), also called a dry summer climate, described by Köppen and Trewartha as ''Cs'', is a temperate climate type that occurs in the lower mid-latitudes (normally 30 to 44 north and south latitude). Such climates typic ...
(see Hybrid cultivars).


Description

'Plantyn' is a fast-growing tree, with upright branching forming a broad crown where grown in isolation. The dark-green leaves are < 10 cm long by 7 cm broad, on < 10 mm petioles.


Pests and diseases

'Plantyn' is no more resistant to Dutch elm disease than its Dutch contemporaries 'Dodoens' and 'Lobel' according to one source, rating 4 out of 5.Heybroek, H. M., Goudzwaard, L, Kaljee, H. (2009). ''Iep of olm, karakterboom van de Lage Landen'' (:Elm, a tree with character of the Low Countries). KNNV, Uitgeverij. However, research published in France by the
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique The Institut national de la recherche agronomique (; ; abbr. INRA ) was a French public research institute dedicated to agricultural science. It was founded in 1946 and is a Public Scientific and Technical Research Establishment under the join ...
(INRA) indicated that 'Plantyn' possesses a greater degree of disease resistance than the other two cultivars, although neither had actually been tested by the organization. Nevertheless, INRA still classified 'Plantyn' as only 'moderately resistant'.


Cultivation

Largely superseded by the later generation of cultivars highly resistant to Dutch elm disease, sales in the Netherlands declined from over 7,000 in 1979 to zero in 2004. Like its Dutch contemporaries, 'Plantyn' has proven very tolerant of sea winds. 'Plantyn' was not commercially released in the US, but was evaluated at the
Iowa State University Iowa State University of Science and Technology (Iowa State University, Iowa State, or ISU) is a Public university, public land-grant university, land-grant research university in Ames, Iowa, United States. Founded in 1858 as the Iowa Agricult ...
(acc. no. Q 28835);Gibbs, J. N., Brasier, C. M., McNabb Jnr., H.S., and Heybroek, H. M. (1975). Further studies on the pathenogenicity in Ceratocystis ulmi. ''Europ. Journ. Forest. Path.'' 5 (3): 161–174. however it is no longer listed (2013) in the NPGS inventory. 'Plantyn' was also included in trial

in
Canberra Canberra ( ; ) is the capital city of Australia. Founded following the Federation of Australia, federation of the colonies of Australia as the seat of government for the new nation, it is Australia's list of cities in Australia, largest in ...
, Australia, started in 1988, although it is reputed not to have thrived in that environment. File:Verkeerslus Buiksloterweg.jpg, Line of 'Plantyn' (right), Buiksloterweg, Amsterdam (2018) File:RM4956 Reguliersgracht 126.jpg, 'Plantyn', Reguliersgracht, Amsterdam (March 2012)


Notable trees

In the UK, the TROBIbr>
Champion is at West Park,
Wolverhampton Wolverhampton ( ) is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands (county), West Midlands of England. Located around 12 miles (20 km) north of Birmingham, it forms the northwestern part of the West Midlands conurbation, with the towns of ...
, measuring 20.5 m tall by 75 cm
d.b.h. Diameter at breast height, or DBH, is a standard method of expressing the diameter of the trunk or bole of a standing tree. DBH is one of the most common dendrometric measurements. Tree trunks are measured at the height of an adult's breast, ...
in 2017.'Plantijn' in West Park, Wolverhampton; wolverhampton.gov.uk
/ref> Another grows in
Kensington Gardens Kensington Gardens, once the private gardens of Kensington Palace, are among the Royal Parks of London. The gardens are shared by the City of Westminster and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and sit immediately to the west of Hyde Pa ...
,
London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
, which was 16 m high, 45 cm d.b.h. in 2001.Johnson, Owen (ed.) (2003). ''Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland''. Whittet Press, .


Hybrid cultivars

* 'Arno', 'Columella', 'Nanguen' = , 'Plinio', 'San Zanobi', 'Wanoux' = *Unreleased cultivars raised by IPP, Florence: 'FL 568' (''U. pumila'' × 'Plantyn'), 'FL 620' & 'FL 624' ((''U. pumila × U. minor'') × 'Plantyn'), 'FL 688' (('Plantyn' × ''U. minor'') × 'Plantyn'), 'FL 580' (Heybroek's '948')


Etymology

The tree is named for the French printer and humanist Christoffel Plantijn (France:
Christophe Plantin Christophe Plantin (; – 1 July 1589) was a French Renaissance humanist and book Printer (publisher), printer and publisher who resided and worked in Antwerp. He established in Antwerp one of the most prominent publishing houses of his time, th ...
).


Synonymy

'Plantijn' (original Dutch form of the name). The tag on the specimen at Kew Gardens reads 'Plantion'.


Accessions

;Europe * Arboretum de La Petite Loiteriebr>
Monthodon, France. No details available *
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City Council, UK.
NCCPG Plant Heritage, formerly known as the National Council for the Conservation of Plants and Gardens (NCCPG), is a registered charity and a botanical conservation organisation in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1978 to combine the talents of bot ...
Elm Collection. *
Grange Farm Arboretum The Grange Farm Arboretum is a small private arboretum comprising 3 hectares accommodating over 800 trees, mostly native and ornamental species or cultivars, notably oaks, ashes, walnuts and elms, growing on a calcareous loam.Ostler, J. (2009) ...
,
Lincolnshire Lincolnshire (), abbreviated ''Lincs'', is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the East Midlands and Yorkshire and the Humber regions of England. It is bordered by the East Riding of Yorkshire across the Humber estuary to th ...
, UK. Acc. no. 1089. *
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. An internationally important botanical research and education institution, it employs 1,10 ...
, UK. Acc. no. 1980–731 *
Sir Harold Hillier Gardens The Sir Harold Hillier Gardens is an arboretum comprising 72 hectares (180 acres) accommodating over 42,000 trees and shrubs in about 12,000 taxa, notably a collection of oaks, camellia, magnolia and rhododendron. The Gardens are located north ...
, UK. Acc. no. 1982.4057 *
Westonbirt Arboretum Westonbirt, The National Arboretum is an arboretum in Gloucestershire, England, about southwest of the town of Tetbury. Managed by Forestry England, it is perhaps the most important and widely known arboretum in the United Kingdom. Planted in ...
br>
Gloucestershire Gloucestershire ( , ; abbreviated Glos.) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South West England. It is bordered by Herefordshire to the north-west, Worcestershire to the north, Warwickshire to the north-east, Oxfordshire ...
, UK. Acc. no. 1980/157. *
Wijdemeren City Council Wijdemeren () is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland, on the western border of the Gooi region. Wijdemeren contains many lakes, including ''Spiegelplas'' and ''Ankeveense Plassen'' in the north(east) and ''Loosdrech ...
, Netherlands. Elm collection. Planted 3 Kastanjelaan and 1 Tjalk in Loosdrecht 2014; 10 trees planted 2018 ‘s-Gravelandsevaartweg, Loosdrecht.


References

{{Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars , state=collapsed Hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus articles with images Ulmus