''Ulmus'' 'Lobel' is a Dutch

hybrid Hybrid may refer to: Science * Hybrid (biology), an offspring resulting from cross-breeding ** Hybrid grape, grape varieties produced by cross-breeding two ''Vitis'' species ** Hybridity, the property of a hybrid plant which is a union of two dif ...

cultivar A cultivar is a type of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and when propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and stem cuttings, offsets, grafting, tissue culture, ...

raised at the Dorschkamp Research Institute for Forestry & Landscape Planning,

Wageningen Wageningen () is a municipality and a historic city in the central Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. It is famous for Wageningen University, which specialises in life sciences. The municipality had a population of in , of which many t ...

, from a crossing of clone '202' ( 'Exoniensis' × ''U. wallichiana'') with '336' ( 'Bea Schwarz', selfed). 'Lobel' was cloned in 1962 and released for sale in 1973.

Description

'Lobel' is a fastigiate, small-crowned, tree not unlike the pyramidal Hornbeam ''

Carpinus betulus ''Carpinus betulus'', the European or common hornbeam, is a species of tree in the birch family Betulaceae, native to Western Asia and central, eastern, and southern Europe, including southern England. It requires a warm climate for good growth, ...

'' 'Fastigiata'. The typically

acuminate The following is a list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (a single leaf blade or lamina) or compound (with several leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular o ...

leaves are < 11 cm long × < 7 cm broad, and notably late to flush, rarely before mid-May.Santini, A., Fagnani, A., Ferrini, F., Ghelardini, L., & Mittempergher, L. (2005). Variation among Italian and French elm clones in their response to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi inoculation. ''Forest Pathology'', 25 (2005), 183-193, Blackwell Verlag, BerlinPhotographs of 'Lobel' elm

leaves and samara (fruit), samara

/ref> File:Ulmus 'Lobel' bark, 35-year-old tree, Southsea Common, England.jpg, Bark of 35-year-old 'Lobel' File:Lobel leaves 1.jpg, 'Lobel' leaves

Pests and diseases

'Lobel' was rated 4 out of 5 ("good") in the Netherlands for its resistance to

Dutch elm disease Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by a member of the sac fungi (Ascomycota) affecting elm trees, and is spread by elm bark beetles. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease was accidentally introduced into Americas, America ...

.Heybroek, H. M., Goudzwaard, L, Kaljee, H. (2009). ''Iep of olm, karakterboom van de Lage Landen'' (:Elm, a tree with character of the Low Countries). KNNV, Uitgeverij. However, in trials conducted by the

Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante The Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante (IPP), or 'Institute of Plant Protection', is part of the Food Department of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR; "Italian National Research Council"), an Italian government organization with the a ...

, Italy, 'Lobel' suffered 50% defoliation and 35.5% dieback when inoculated with unnaturally high concentrations of the fungal pathogen, compared with 2.8% and 1.2% resp. for 'Sapporo Autumn Gold'.Santini, A, et al. (2002). 'San Zanobi' and 'Plinio' Elm trees. ''HortScience'' 37(7): 1139–1141, 2002. Owing to the ''U. wallichiana'' in its ancestry, young specimens of 'Lobel' proved particularly susceptible to

elm yellows Elm yellows is a plant disease of elm trees that is spread by leafhoppers or by root grafts."Elm Yellows." Elmcare.Com. 19 Mar. 2008 . Elm yellows, also known as elm phloem necrosis, is very aggressive, with no known cure. Elm yellows occurs in the ...

(phloem necrosis) in trials in Italy.Mittempergher, L., (2000). Elm Yellows in Europe. In: ''The Elms, Conservation and Disease Management.'' 103–119. Dunn C.P., ed. Kluwer Academic Press Publishers, Boston, USA.

Cultivation

Following the development and release of cultivars such as 'Columella' more resistant to

, planting is no longer recommended wherever the disease is prevalent. Moreover, 'Lobel' was originally propagated by grafting onto ''U. glabra'' rootstocks, which has proven an unsatisfactory combination in the Netherlands leading to graft failures in maturity. Graft failure is the commonest cause of elm death in Amsterdam. Sales of 'Lobel' in the Netherlands declined from over 12,000 in 1989 to 1,100 in 2004. However, 'Lobel' is particularly resistant to sea winds, and was accordingly planted in large numbers in the coastal provinces in The Netherlands and by

Portsmouth Portsmouth ( ) is a port and city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire in southern England. The city of Portsmouth has been a unitary authority since 1 April 1997 and is administered by Portsmouth City Council. Portsmouth is the most dens ...

City Council in the late 1980s, notably to replace the

Huntingdon Elm Huntingdon is a market town in the Huntingdonshire district in Cambridgeshire, England. The town was given its town charter by King John in 1205. It was the county town of the historic county of Huntingdonshire. Oliver Cromwell was born there ...

s lost in the Great Storm of 1987 along the Ladies' Mile on

Southsea Southsea is a seaside resort and a geographic area of Portsmouth, Portsea Island in England. Southsea is located 1.8 miles (2.8 km) to the south of Portsmouth's inner city-centre. Southsea is not a separate town as all of Portsea Island's s ...

Common. There are also large plantings at

Ealing Ealing () is a district in West London, England, west of Charing Cross in the London Borough of Ealing. Ealing is the administrative centre of the borough and is identified as a major metropolitan centre in the London Plan. Ealing was histor ...

and

Primrose Hill Primrose Hill is a Grade II listed public park located north of Regent's Park in London, England, first opened to the public in 1842.Mills, A., ''Dictionary of London Place Names'', (2001) It was named after the natural hill in the centre of ...

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

Brighton & Hove Brighton and Hove () is a city and unitary authority in East Sussex, England. It consists primarily of the settlements of Brighton and Hove, alongside neighbouring villages. Often referred to synonymously as Brighton, the City of Brighton and H ...

, and

Havant Havant ( ) is a town in the south-east corner of Hampshire, England between Portsmouth and Chichester. Its borough (population: 125,000) comprises the town (45,826) and its suburbs including the resort of Hayling Island as well as Rowland's Castl ...

. 'Lobel' was included in trial

in

Canberra Canberra ( ) is the capital city of Australia. Founded following the federation of the colonies of Australia as the seat of government for the new nation, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The ci ...

, Australia, started in 1988 but has not thrived in that environment. 'Lobel' was introduced to North America in 1991 when Heybroek donated material to the North Central Regional PI Station,

Iowa State University Iowa State University of Science and Technology (Iowa State University, Iowa State, or ISU) is a public land-grant research university in Ames, Iowa. Founded in 1858 as the Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm, Iowa State became one of the n ...

, but the tree is not known to have been commercially released there.Gibbs, J. N., Brasier, C. M., McNabb Jnr., H.S., and Heybroek, H. M. (1975). Further studies on the pathenogenicity in Ceratocystis ulmi. ''Europ. Journ. Forest. Path.'' 5 (3): 161–174. File:Ulmus 'Lobel' Bruns nurseries Bad Zwischenahn 2010.08.07.JPG, 'Lobel', Bruns nurseries, Bad Zwischenahn File:Avenue of Ulmus 'Lobel', Ladies Mile, Southsea, UK.jpg, Wind-pruned avenue of 'Lobel', Southsea, UK

Etymology

The tree is named for

Matthias de L'obel Mathias de l'Obel, Mathias de Lobel or Matthaeus Lobelius (1538 – 3 March 1616) was a Flemish physician and plant enthusiast who was born in Lille, Flanders, in what is now Hauts-de-France, France, and died at Highgate, London, England. H ...

, the Flemish botanist also commemorated by the genus

Lobelia ''Lobelia'' () is a genus of flowering plants comprising 415 species, with a subcosmopolitan distribution primarily in tropical to warm temperate regions of the world, a few species extending into cooler temperate regions.Huxley, A., ed. (1992 ...

Accessions

North America

*North Central Regional PI Station Arboretum, ARS,

Ames Ames may refer to: Places United States * Ames, Arkansas, a place in Arkansas * Ames, Colorado * Ames, Illinois * Ames, Indiana * Ames, Iowa, the most populous city bearing this name * Ames, Kansas * Ames, Nebraska * Ames, New York * Ames, Oklah ...

, US. Acc. no. Ames 24988

Europe

* Arboretum de La Petite Loiteriebr>

Monthodon Monthodon () is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France. Population Sights * Arboretum de la Petite Loiterie See also *Communes of the Indre-et-Loire department The following is a list of the 272 communes of the Indre-e ...

, France. No details available *

City Council, UK.

NCCPG Plant Heritage, formerly known as the National Council for the Conservation of Plants and Gardens (NCCPG), is a botanical conservation organisation in the United Kingdom and a registered charity. It was founded in 1978 to combine the talents of b ...

Elm Collection. *

Grange Farm Arboretum The Grange Farm Arboretum is a small private arboretum comprising 3 hectares accommodating over 800 trees, mostly native and ornamental species or cultivars, notably oaks, ashes, walnuts and elms, growing on a calcareous loam.Ostler, J. (2009) ' ...

br>
Sutton St. James, Spalding, Lincs., UK. Acc. no. 821. *

Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. An internationally important botanical research and education institution, it employs 1,100 ...

, UK. Acc. no. 1980.729 * Wijdemeren City Council, Netherlands. Elm collection; 't Jagerspaadje (2010) and ‘s-Gravelandsevaartweg (2016) Loosdrecht; Trapgans (2007), Ankeveen.

References

{{Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars , state=collapsed Hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus articles with images Ulmus