The
American Elm cultivar
A cultivar is a type of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and when propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and stem cuttings, offsets, grafting, tissue culture, ...
''Ulmus americana'' 'Independence' was raised by Eugene B. Smalley and Donald T. Lester at the
University of Wisconsin–Madison
A university () is an educational institution, institution of higher education, higher (or Tertiary education, tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several Discipline (academia), academic disciplines. Universities ty ...
from a crossing of the American Elm cultivar
Moline and American Elm clone W-185-21, to become one of the six clones forming the
American Liberty series, and the only one to be patented (U. S. Plant Patent 6227, 1988).
Description
Almost identical to the species.
Pests and diseases
No specific information available, but the species as a whole is highly susceptible to
Dutch Elm Disease
Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by a member of the sac fungi (Ascomycota) affecting elm trees, and is spread by elm bark beetles. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease was accidentally introduced into Americas, America ...
and
Elm Yellows
Elm yellows is a plant disease of elm trees that is spread by leafhoppers or by root grafts."Elm Yellows." Elmcare.Com. 19 Mar. 2008 . Elm yellows, also known as elm phloem necrosis, is very aggressive, with no known cure. Elm yellows occurs in the ...
; it is also moderately preferred for feeding and reproduction by the adult Elm Leaf Beetle ''
Xanthogaleruca luteola'',
and highly preferred for feeding by the Japanese Beetle ''
Popillia japonica
The Japanese beetle (''Popillia japonica'') is a species of scarab beetle. The adult measures in length and in width, has iridescent copper-colored elytra and a green thorax and head. It is not very destructive in Japan (where it is control ...
''
in the United States.
''U. americana'' is also the most susceptible of all the elms to
verticillium wilt
Verticillium wilt is a wilt disease affecting over 350 species of eudicot plants. It is caused by six species of ''Verticillium'' fungi: ''V. dahliae'', ''V. albo-atrum'', ''V. longisporum'', ''V. nubilum'', ''V. theobromae'' and ''V. tricorpu ...
.
[Pegg, G. F. & Brady, B. L. (2002). ''Verticillium Wilts''. CABI Publishing. ]
Cultivation
The tree is not known to be in cultivation beyond
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...
.
Accessions
North America
*
U S National Arboretumbr>
Washington, D.C.
)
, image_skyline =
, image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
, United States. Acc. no. 62001
References
External links
*http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/SUL4.pdf Summary, inc. photographs, of elms resistant to Dutch elm disease.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ulmus Americana 'Independence'
American elm cultivar
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