''Ulmus'' 'Fiorente' is a
hybrid
Hybrid may refer to:
Science
* Hybrid (biology), an offspring resulting from cross-breeding
** Hybrid grape, grape varieties produced by cross-breeding two ''Vitis'' species
** Hybridity, the property of a hybrid plant which is a union of two dif ...
cultivar
A cultivar is a type of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and when propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and stem cuttings, offsets, grafting, tissue culture, ...
elm derived from a crossing of the Siberian Elm ''
Ulmus pumila
''Ulmus pumila'', the Siberian elm, is a tree native to Asia. It is also known as the Asiatic elm and dwarf elm, but sometimes miscalled the 'Chinese Elm' (''Ulmus parvifolia''). ''U. pumila'' has been widely cultivated throughout Asia, Nor ...
'' clone 'S.10' (female parent) from
Lucca
Lucca ( , ) is a city and ''comune'' in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain near the Ligurian Sea. The city has a population of about 89,000, while its province has a population of 383,957.
Lucca is known as one o ...
, Italy, with the ''
Ulmus minor
''Ulmus minor'' Mill., the field elm, is by far the most polymorphic of the European species, although its taxonomy remains a matter of contention. Its natural range is predominantly south European, extending to Asia Minor and Iran; its northern ...
'' clone 'C.02' from Lungarno,
Florence
Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...
, by the
Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante The Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante (IPP), or 'Institute of Plant Protection', is part of the Food Department of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR; "Italian National Research Council"), an Italian government organization with the a ...
(IPP), part of the
Italian National Research Council
The National Research Council (Italian: ''Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, CNR'') is the largest research council in Italy. As a public organisation, its remit is to support scientific and technological research. Its headquarters are in Rome. ...
, in Florence.
[Santini A., Fagnani A., Ferrini F., Ghelardini L., & Mittempergher L., (2007). Fiorente and Arno elm trees. ''HortScience'' June 2007, Volume 42, Issue 3, 712–714. American Society for Horticultural Science, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA]
/ref> The tree is protected by Plant Breeders' Rights bestowed by the European Union, EU on 25 March 2010.
'Fiorente' was introduced to the UK in 2007 by Hampshire & Isle of Wight Branch, ''Butterfly Conservation
Butterfly Conservation (BC) is a UK-wide nonprofit environmentalist organization and charity dedicated to conserving butterflies, moths, and the environment. The charity uses its research to provide advice on how to conserve and restore butterfly ...
'' as part of its assessment of DED-resistant cultivars as potential hosts of the endangered White-letter Hairstreak
The white-letter hairstreak (''Satyrium w-album'') is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae.
Appearance and behaviour
A dark little butterfly that spends the majority of its life in the tree tops, feeding on honeydew, making it best observed thr ...
.[ Butterfly Conservation (2023). ''Disease-resistant elm cultivars']
Butterfly Conservation, Lulworth, England.
Description
'Fiorente' is usually monopodial
Vascular plants with monopodial growth habits grow upward from a single point. They add leaves to the apex each year and the stem grows longer accordingly. The word ''Monopodial'' is derived from Greek "mono-", ''one'' and "podial", "foot", in refe ...
, and capable of exceptionally rapid development; during trials in the Northern Apennine on poor clay soils, growth exceeded 1.0 m in height and 1.5 cm in trunk d.b.h per annum. The tree's habit is conical, with a pronounced apical dominance; lateral growth is limited, the crown therefore rather columnar. The alternate leaves are of moderate size, < 8 cm long × < 5 cm broad; generally lanceolate
The following is a list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (a single leaf blade or lamina) or compound (with several leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular o ...
in shape, they are rough on the upper surface and pubescent beneath,[ remaining green well into the autumn and shed relatively late, often persisting into December in the UK.][ The tree usually commences flowering in its fourth or fifth year, during late February in Italy,][ but as early as mid-January in southern England. The ]sessile
Sessility, or sessile, may refer to:
* Sessility (motility), organisms which are not able to move about
* Sessility (botany), flowers or leaves that grow directly from the stem or peduncle of a plant
* Sessility (medicine), tumors and polyps that ...
samara
Samara ( rus, Сама́ра, p=sɐˈmarə), known from 1935 to 1991 as Kuybyshev (; ), is the largest city and administrative centre of Samara Oblast. The city is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Samara (Volga), Samara rivers, with ...
e are rounded, typically Ø15 mm, the seed central. The tree suckers from the roots, but only where the root has been exposed and damaged.[
File:Bark of elm hybrid cultivar Ulmus 'Fiorente'.jpg, Bark of 20-year-old tree
File:2015 Fiorente leaves.jpg, Leaves
File:Seeds Fiorente.jpg, Samarae
File:Fiorente on marshland.jpg, 'Fiorente' on marshland
]
Pests and diseases
Tested by inoculation with unnaturally high concentrations of the fungal pathogen, 'Fiorente' revealed a good resistance to Dutch Elm Disease
Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by a member of the sac fungi (Ascomycota) affecting elm trees, and is spread by elm bark beetles. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease was accidentally introduced into Americas, America ...
, sustaining 32% defoliation and 20% dieback; not as resistant as (20% defoliation and 12% dieback), but significantly better than the older Dutch cultivars such as 'Lobel' (50% and 35.5% resp.) released in the early 1970s. Specimens in the field in Italy have exhibited no symptoms of DED or elm yellows
Elm yellows is a plant disease of elm trees that is spread by leafhoppers or by root grafts."Elm Yellows." Elmcare.Com. 19 Mar. 2008 . Elm yellows, also known as elm phloem necrosis, is very aggressive, with no known cure. Elm yellows occurs in the ...
. Susceptibility to the elm leaf beetle ''Xanthogaleruca luteola
''Xanthogaleruca luteola'', commonly known as the elm-leaf beetle, is a beetle species in the family Chrysomelidae that is native to Europe but invasive in other parts of the world.http://cisr.ucr.edu/elm_leaf_beetle.html - Center for Invasive Sp ...
'' is much the same as that of the Field Elm ''Ulmus minor
''Ulmus minor'' Mill., the field elm, is by far the most polymorphic of the European species, although its taxonomy remains a matter of contention. Its natural range is predominantly south European, extending to Asia Minor and Iran; its northern ...
''.[
]
Cultivation
In Italy, the cultivar's rapid growth has bestowed it economic potential as a hardwood
Hardwood is wood from dicot trees. These are usually found in broad-leaved temperate and tropical forests. In temperate and boreal latitudes they are mostly deciduous, but in tropics and subtropics mostly evergreen. Hardwood (which comes from ...
timber and biomass
Biomass is plant-based material used as a fuel for heat or electricity production. It can be in the form of wood, wood residues, energy crops, agricultural residues, and waste from industry, farms, and households. Some people use the terms bi ...
tree. Introduced to southern England in 2007 by ''Butterfly Conservation
Butterfly Conservation (BC) is a UK-wide nonprofit environmentalist organization and charity dedicated to conserving butterflies, moths, and the environment. The charity uses its research to provide advice on how to conserve and restore butterfly ...
'', the tree is not known to have been introduced to North America or Australasia. [ 'Fiorente' is exclusively propagated by the Eisele nursery in ]Darmstadt
Darmstadt () is a city in the States of Germany, state of Hesse in Germany, located in the southern part of the Frankfurt Rhine Main Area, Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt Metropolitan Region). Darmstadt has around 160,000 inhabitants, making it th ...
as one of its 'Resista' series ['Fiorente' elm, Eisele nursery, Darmstadt]
/ref>
Etymology
'Fiorente' translates as 'flourishing'.
Accessions
Europe
*Grange Farm Arboretum
The Grange Farm Arboretum is a small private arboretum comprising 3 hectares accommodating over 800 trees, mostly native and ornamental species or cultivars, notably oaks, ashes, walnuts and elms, growing on a calcareous loam.Ostler, J. (2009) ' ...
, Sutton St. James, Spalding, UK. Acc. no. 693.
*Great Fontley
Funtley – from the Anglo-Saxon, "Funtaleg", "spring (hydrology), spring field (clearing)", is a hamlet or exurb north of Fareham (borough), Fareham, Hampshire, England. It forms a projection towards the South Downs National Park and is gene ...
Farm, Fareham
Fareham ( ) is a market town at the north-west tip of Portsmouth Harbour, between the cities of Portsmouth and Southampton in south east Hampshire, England. It gives its name to the Borough of Fareham. It was historically an important manufact ...
, UK. ''Butterfly Conservation
Butterfly Conservation (BC) is a UK-wide nonprofit environmentalist organization and charity dedicated to conserving butterflies, moths, and the environment. The charity uses its research to provide advice on how to conserve and restore butterfly ...
'' Elm Trials plantation, two trees planted 2007.
*Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) is a scientific centre for the study of plants, their diversity and conservation, as well as a popular tourist attraction. Founded in 1670 as a physic garden to grow medicinal plants, today it occupies ...
, UK. Acc. no. 20080340
*Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew is a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. An internationally important botanical research and education institution, it employs 1,100 ...
, UK. Acc. no. not known.
*Sir Harold Hillier Gardens
The Sir Harold Hillier Gardens is an arboretum comprising 72 hectares (180 acres) accommodating over 42,000 trees and shrubs in about 12,000 taxa, notably a collection of oaks, camellia, magnolia and rhododendron.
The Gardens are located nor ...
, Ampfield
Ampfield is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Test Valley in Hampshire, England, between Romsey, Eastleigh, and Winchester. It had a population at the 2001 census of 1,474, increasing to 1,583 at the 2011 Census.
Geography
Ampfield l ...
, UK. Acc. no. 2008.0367
*Wijdemeren City Council
Wijdemeren () is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland, on the western border of the Gooi region.
Wijdemeren contains many lakes. In the north(east) ''Spiegelplas'' and ''Ankeveense Plassen'', in the (south)west ''Loo ...
, Netherlands. Elm collection, ‘s-Gravelandsevaartweg, Loosdrecht, 10 trees planted 2018
Nurseries
Europe
*Eisele nursery, Darmstadt, Germany
*Hillier's Nurseries, Liss
Liss, Lyss or LISS may refer to
*Liss (band), a Danish musical group
*Liss (name), a given name and surname
*Liss, Hampshire, a village in England
**West Liss, the oldest part of Liss village
**Liss Forest, a hamlet near Liss
**Liss Athletic F.C. ...
, Hants. UK
*Noordplant, Glimmen
Glimmen is a village in the northeastern Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Groningen, about 10 kilometres from the city. It had a population of around 1,342 in 2021. The river Drentsche Aa flows past the village, nearby the ''Huis ...
, Netherlands.
References
{{Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars , state=collapsed
Hybrid elm cultivar
Ulmus articles with images
Ulmus