The

elm Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the genus ''Ulmus'' in the family Ulmaceae. They are distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting the temperate and tropical- montane regions of North America and Eurasia, ...

cultivar A cultivar is a kind of Horticulture, cultivated plant that people have selected for desired phenotypic trait, traits and which retains those traits when Plant propagation, propagated. Methods used to propagate cultivars include division, root a ...

''Ulmus minor'' 'Bea Schwarz' was cloned (as No. 62) at

Wageningen Wageningen () is a Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality and a historic city in the central Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. It is famous for Wageningen University, which specialises in life sciences. The municipality had a ...

in the

Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...

, by the elm disease committee, from a selection of ''

Ulmus minor ''Ulmus minor'' Mill., the field elm, is by far the most polymorphic of the European species, although its taxonomy remains a matter of contention. Its natural range is predominantly south European, extending to Asia Minor and Iran; its norther ...

'' found in France in 1939. However, specimens of the tree grown in the UK and the United States are falsely treated as ''

Ulmus × hollandica ''Ulmus'' × ''hollandica'' Mill. , often known simply as Dutch elm, is a natural hybrid between wych elm (''U. glabra'') and field elm (''U. minor'') which commonly occurs across Europe wherever the ranges of the parent species overlap. In En ...

'' (after Fontaine ).

Description

The leaves are ovoid to oval (6 to 10 cm), emerging more or less purple-red; the underside is pillose. The tree is considered of poor growth and shape if grafted on ''U.'' × ''hollandica'' rootstock. Nowadays it is sparsely grown on its own rootstock.

Pests and diseases

Not resistant to the second, more virulent, strain of Dutch elm disease, ''(O. novo-ulmi)'', but more resistant to Coral Spot fungus ''

Nectria cinnabarina ''Nectria cinnabarina'', also known as coral spot, is a plant pathogen that causes cankers on broadleaf trees. This disease is polycyclic and infects trees in the cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. ''N. cinnabarina'' is typicall ...

'' than its forebear 'Christine Buisman'.

Cultivation

Commercial production was discontinued in the Netherlands soon after its release in 1948.Went, J. C. (1954). ''Tijschr. Plantenziekten'' 60: 109-127, 1954. Nevertheless, its moderate resistance to Dutch elm disease saw it, or its selfed progeny, successfully used in later Dutch hybridizations, notably 'Nanguen' = . 'Bea Schwarz' was later propagated and marketed in the UK by the Hillier & Sons nursery,

Winchester, Hampshire Winchester (, ) is a cathedral city in Hampshire, England. The city lies at the heart of the wider City of Winchester, a local government district, at the western end of the South Downs National Park, on the River Itchen. It is south-west of ...

from 1967 to 1977, when production ceased with the advent of the more virulent form of Dutch elm disease.Hillier & Sons (1977). ''Catalogue of Trees & Shrubs''. Hillier, Ampfield, UK.Hillier & Sons ''Sales inventory 1962 to 1977'' (unpublished). File:Bea Schwarz-iepen bij de Sloterplas.jpg, 'Bea Schwarz' (left). Noordzijde, Sloterplas,

Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , ; ; ) is the capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, largest city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It has a population of 933,680 in June 2024 within the city proper, 1,457,018 in the City Re ...

, 2012.

Notable trees

The largest known examples in the UK grow along Crespin Way,

Hollingdean Hollingdean is a district in the city of Brighton & Hove. The Ward is called Hollingdean and Stanmer with a population of 15,681 at the 2011 Census. By the time of the local authority elections in May 2023 the Ward boundary had been changed and ...

Brighton Brighton ( ) is a seaside resort in the city status in the United Kingdom, city of Brighton and Hove, East Sussex, England, south of London. Archaeological evidence of settlement in the area dates back to the Bronze Age Britain, Bronze Age, R ...

; planted in 1964, they measured 19 m high by 50 cm

d.b.h. Diameter at breast height, or DBH, is a standard method of expressing the diameter of the trunk or bole of a standing tree. DBH is one of the most common dendrometric measurements. Tree trunks are measured at the height of an adult's breast, ...

in 2009.Johnson, O. (2011). ''Champion trees of Britain & Ireland'', p.167. Kew Publishing, Kew London.

Hybrid cultivars

* 'Nanguen' = , 'Clusius', 'Lobel', (all from crossings with clone '336', 'Bea Schwarz' selfed), ''Ulmus'' 'Amsterdam' (possibly from an open pollination of 'Bea Schwarz' and sometimes called ''Ulmus minor'' 'Amsterdam' in the Netherlands).

Etymology

The tree is named for Bea Schwarz, the Dutch phytopathologist who identified the Asian microfungus known as ''

Ophiostoma ulmi ''Ophiostoma ulmi'' is a species of fungus in the family Ophiostomataceae. It is one of the causative agents of Dutch elm disease. It was first described under the name ''Graphium ulmi'', and later transferred to the genus '' Ophiostoma''. Du ...

'', one of the causative agents of Dutch elm disease, in the 1920s.

Accessions

North America

Arnold Arboretum The Arnold Arboretum is a botanical research institution and free public park affiliated with Harvard University and located in the Jamaica Plain and Roslindale, Massachusetts, Roslindale neighborhoods of Boston. Established in 1872, it is the ...

, US. Acc. nos. 151–61, 276–62 *

Holden Arboretum The Holden Arboretum, in Kirtland, Ohio, is one of the largest arboreta and botanical gardens in the United States, with more than , including devoted to collections and gardens. Diverse natural areas and ecologically sensitive habitats make u ...

, US. Acc. no. 57–1243 *

Longwood Gardens Longwood Gardens is a public garden that consists of more than 1,100 acres (445 hectares; 4.45 km2) of gardens, woodlands, and meadows in the Brandywine Creek Valley in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, United States. It is one of the premier ...

, US. Acc. no. 1967–0876

Europe

Brighton & Hove Brighton and Hove ( ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and unitary authority area, ceremonially in East Sussex, England. There are multiple villages alongside the seaside resorts of Brighton and Hove in the district. It is administe ...

City Council, UK.

NCCPG Plant Heritage, formerly known as the National Council for the Conservation of Plants and Gardens (NCCPG), is a registered charity and a botanical conservation organisation in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1978 to combine the talents of bot ...

Elm Collection. *

Grange Farm Arboretum The Grange Farm Arboretum is a small private arboretum comprising 3 hectares accommodating over 800 trees, mostly native and ornamental species or cultivars, notably oaks, ashes, walnuts and elms, growing on a calcareous loam.Ostler, J. (2009) ...

Lincolnshire Lincolnshire (), abbreviated ''Lincs'', is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the East Midlands and Yorkshire and the Humber regions of England. It is bordered by the East Riding of Yorkshire across the Humber estuary to th ...

, UK. Acc. no. 1275 * Netherlands Plant Collection Ulmus,

Wijdemeren Wijdemeren () is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland, on the western border of the Gooi region. Wijdemeren contains many lakes, including ''Spiegelplas'' and ''Ankeveense Plassen'' in the north(east) and ''Loosdrech ...

North Holland North Holland (, ) is a Provinces of the Netherlands, province of the Netherlands in the northwestern part of the country. It is located on the North Sea, north of South Holland and Utrecht (province), Utrecht, and west of Friesland and Flevola ...

, planted on its own rootstock 2019, Location Dennenlaan,

Loosdrecht Loosdrecht () is a town in the municipality of Wijdemeren, North Holland, the Netherlands, with a population of about 8,600 inhabitants. Loosdrecht consists of two small villages: Nieuw-Loosdrecht and Oud-Loosdrecht. Nieuw Loosdrecht covers a ...

Netherlands Plant Collection: Iepen, ''Ulmus''
/ref>

Nurseries

Europe

* Noordplan

Glimmen Glimmen is a village in the northeastern Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Groningen, about 10 kilometres from the city. It had a population of around 1,342 in 2021. The river Drentsche Aa flows past the village, nearby the ''Huis t ...

, Netherlands.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ulmus minor 'Bea Schwarz' Field elm cultivar Ulmus articles with images Ulmus