The

elm Elms are deciduous and semi-deciduous trees comprising the flowering plant genus ''Ulmus'' in the plant family Ulmaceae. They are distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere, inhabiting the temperate and tropical-montane regions of North ...

cultivar A cultivar is a type of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and when propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and stem cuttings, offsets, grafting, tissue culture, ...

''Ulmus minor'' 'Bea Schwarz' was cloned (as No. 62) at

Wageningen Wageningen () is a municipality and a historic city in the central Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland. It is famous for Wageningen University, which specialises in life sciences. The municipality had a population of in , of which many t ...

in the

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

, by the elm disease committee, from a selection of ''

Ulmus minor ''Ulmus minor'' Mill., the field elm, is by far the most polymorphic of the European species, although its taxonomy remains a matter of contention. Its natural range is predominantly south European, extending to Asia Minor and Iran; its northern ...

'' found in France in 1939. However, specimens of the tree grown in the UK and the United States are falsely treated as ''

Ulmus × hollandica ''Ulmus'' × ''hollandica'' Mill. , often known simply as Dutch elm, is a natural hybrid between Wych elm ''Ulmus glabra'' and field elm ''Ulmus minor'' which commonly occurs across Europe wherever the ranges of the parent species overlap. In Eng ...

'' (after Fontaine ).

Description

The tree is considered of poor growth and shape if grafted on ''U.'' × ''hollandica'' rootstock. Nowadays it is sparsely grown on its own rootstock.

Pests and diseases

Not resistant to the second, more virulent, strain of

Dutch elm disease Dutch elm disease (DED) is caused by a member of the sac fungi (Ascomycota) affecting elm trees, and is spread by elm bark beetles. Although believed to be originally native to Asia, the disease was accidentally introduced into Americas, America ...

, ''(O. novo-ulmi)'', but more resistant to Coral Spot fungus '' Nectria cinnabarina'' than its forebear 'Christine Buisman'.

Cultivation

Commercial production was discontinued in the Netherlands soon after its release in 1948.Went, J. C. (1954). ''Tijschr. Plantenziekten'' 60: 109-127, 1954. Nevertheless, its moderate resistance to

saw it, or its selfed progeny, successfully used in later Dutch hybridizations, notably 'Nanguen' = . 'Bea Schwarz' was later propagated and marketed in the UK by the Hillier & Sons nursery,

Winchester, Hampshire Winchester is a cathedral city in Hampshire, England. The city lies at the heart of the wider City of Winchester, a local government district, at the western end of the South Downs National Park, on the River Itchen. It is south-west of Londo ...

from 1967 to 1977, when production ceased with the advent of the more virulent form of Dutch elm disease.Hillier & Sons (1977). ''Catalogue of Trees & Shrubs''. Hillier, Ampfield, UK.Hillier & Sons ''Sales inventory 1962 to 1977'' (unpublished). File:Bea Schwarz-iepen bij de Sloterplas.jpg, 'Bea Schwarz' on the left with later replacements on the right. Noordzijde, Sloterplas,

Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the Capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population ...

, 2012.

Notable trees

The largest known examples in the UK grow along Crespin Way,

Hollingdean Hollingdean is a district in the city of Brighton & Hove. The Ward is called Hollingdean and Stanmer with a population of 15,681 at the 2011 Census. Hollingdean is in effect the older part of Hollingbury. It is bounded by Ditchling Road to the w ...

Brighton Brighton () is a seaside resort and one of the two main areas of the City of Brighton and Hove in the county of East Sussex, England. It is located south of London. Archaeological evidence of settlement in the area dates back to the Bronze A ...

; planted in 1964, they measured 19 m high by 50 cm

d.b.h. Diameter at breast height, or DBH, is a standard method of expressing the diameter of the trunk or bole of a standing tree. DBH is one of the most common dendrometric measurements. Tree trunks are measured at the height of an adult's breast, ...

in 2009.Johnson, O. (2011). ''Champion trees of Britain & Ireland'', p.167. Kew Publishing, Kew London.

Hybrid cultivars

* 'Nanguen' = , 'Clusius', 'Lobel', (all from crossings with 'Bea Schwarz' selfed), Ulmus minor 'Amsterdam', formally known as Ulmus 'Amsterdam' (from an open pollination?).

Etymology

The tree is named for Bea Schwarz, the Dutch

phytopathologist Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomyc ...

who identified the Asian fungus known as Dutch elm disease in the 1920s.

Accessions

North America

Arnold Arboretum The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University is a botanical research institution and free public park, located in the Jamaica Plain and Roslindale neighborhoods of Boston, Massachusetts. Established in 1872, it is the oldest public arboretum in N ...

, US. Acc. nos. 151–61, 276–62 *

Holden Arboretum The Holden Arboretum, in Kirtland, Ohio, is one of the largest arboreta and botanical gardens in the United States, with more than , including devoted to collections and gardens. Diverse natural areas and ecologically sensitive habitats make up t ...

, US. Acc. no. 57–1243 *

Longwood Gardens Longwood Gardens is a botanical garden that consists of over 1,077 acres (436 hectares; 4.36 km2) of gardens, woodlands, and meadows in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, United States in the Brandywine Creek Valley. It is one of the premier h ...

, US. Acc. no. 1967–0876

Europe

Brighton & Hove Brighton and Hove () is a city and unitary authority in East Sussex, England. It consists primarily of the settlements of Brighton and Hove, alongside neighbouring villages. Often referred to synonymously as Brighton, the City of Brighton and H ...

City Council, UK.

NCCPG Plant Heritage, formerly known as the National Council for the Conservation of Plants and Gardens (NCCPG), is a botanical conservation organisation in the United Kingdom and a registered charity. It was founded in 1978 to combine the talents of b ...

Elm Collection. *

Grange Farm Arboretum The Grange Farm Arboretum is a small private arboretum comprising 3 hectares accommodating over 800 trees, mostly native and ornamental species or cultivars, notably oaks, ashes, walnuts and elms, growing on a calcareous loam.Ostler, J. (2009) ' ...

Lincolnshire Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs.) is a county in the East Midlands of England, with a long coastline on the North Sea to the east. It borders Norfolk to the south-east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south-west, Leicestershire ...

, UK. Acc. no. 1275 *

Netherlands Plant Collection Ulmus ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

Wijdemeren Wijdemeren () is a municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland, on the western border of the Gooi region. Wijdemeren contains many lakes. In the north(east) ''Spiegelplas'' and ''Ankeveense Plassen'', in the (south)west ''Loo ...

North Holland North Holland ( nl, Noord-Holland, ) is a province of the Netherlands in the northwestern part of the country. It is located on the North Sea, north of South Holland and Utrecht, and west of Friesland and Flevoland. In November 2019, it had a ...

, planted on its own rootstock 2019, Location Dennenlaan,

Loosdrecht Loosdrecht () is a town in the municipality of Wijdemeren, North Holland, the Netherlands, with a population of about 8,600 inhabitants. Loosdrecht consists of two small villages: Nieuw-Loosdrecht and Oud-Loosdrecht. Nieuw Loosdrecht covers a ...

Netherlands Plant Collection: Iepen, ''Ulmus''
/ref>

Nurseries

Europe

* Noordplan

Glimmen Glimmen is a village in the northeastern Netherlands. It is located in the municipality of Groningen, about 10 kilometres from the city. It had a population of around 1,342 in 2021. The river Drentsche Aa flows past the village, nearby the ''Huis ...

, Netherlands.

References

External links

* Sheet labelled ''Ulmus'' 'Bea Schwarz', Baarn, 1948 * Sheet labelled ''Ulmus'' 'Bea Schwarz', Baarn, 1949
"Herbarium specimen DOV0038308"
Delaware State University, Claude E. Phillips Herbarium. Sheet labelled ''U.'' × ''hollandica'' 'Bea Schwarz'; leaves specimen
"Herbarium specimen DOV0038308"
Delaware State University, Claude E. Phillips Herbarium. Sheet labelled ''U.'' × ''hollandica'' 'Bea Schwarz'; flowers specimen {{DEFAULTSORT:Ulmus minor 'Bea Schwarz' Field elm cultivar Ulmus articles with images Ulmus