music Music is generally defined as the art of arranging sound to create some combination of form, harmony, melody, rhythm or otherwise expressive content. Exact definitions of music vary considerably around the world, though it is an aspect ...

, the Romanian Minor scale or Ukrainian Dorian scale or altered Dorian scaleIdelsohn (1929). ''Jewish Music in Its Historical Development'' and Beregovski (Russian- and Yiddish-language articles) cited in Slobin, Mark (2002). ''American Klezmer'', p.123,n.56. . is a

musical scale In music theory, a scale is any set of musical notes ordered by fundamental frequency or pitch. A scale ordered by increasing pitch is an ascending scale, and a scale ordered by decreasing pitch is a descending scale. Often, especially in the ...

or the fourth

mode Mode ( la, modus meaning "manner, tune, measure, due measure, rhythm, melody") may refer to: Arts and entertainment * '' MO''D''E (magazine)'', a defunct U.S. women's fashion magazine * ''Mode'' magazine, a fictional fashion magazine which is ...

of the

harmonic minor scale In music theory, the minor scale is three scale patterns – the natural minor scale (or Aeolian mode), the harmonic minor scale, and the melodic minor scale (ascending or descending) – rather than just two as with the major scale, which als ...

. It is "similar to the

dorian mode Dorian mode or Doric mode can refer to three very different but interrelated subjects: one of the Ancient Greek ''harmoniai'' (characteristic melodic behaviour, or the scale structure associated with it); one of the medieval musical modes; or—mos ...

, but with a

tritone In music theory, the tritone is defined as a musical interval composed of three adjacent whole tones (six semitones). For instance, the interval from F up to the B above it (in short, F–B) is a tritone as it can be decomposed into the three a ...

and variable sixth and seventh degrees". It is related to both the

Freygish In music, the Phrygian dominant scale is the fifth mode of the harmonic minor scale, the fifth being the dominant.Dave Hunter (2005). ''Play Acoustic'', San Francisco: Backbeat, p. 226. . Also called the persian scale, altered Phrygian scale, d ...

and

Misheberak scale In music, the Romanian Minor scale or Ukrainian Dorian scale or altered Dorian scaleIdelsohn (1929). ''Jewish Music in Its Historical Development'' and Beregovski (Russian- and Yiddish-language articles) cited in Slobin, Mark (2002). ''American K ...

s and is used in

Jewish music Jewish music is the music and melodies of the Jewish people. There exist both traditions of religious music, as sung at the synagogue and domestic prayers, and of secular music, such as klezmer. While some elements of Jewish music may originat ...

, "predominant in klezmer bulgarish and doina (doyne)." "When the Ukrainian Dorian scale functions in the synagogue, it is a mode known as the ''Mi sheberach'' (May He Who Blessed) or ''Av horachamon'' (Compassionate Father). Arab and Greek scholars give other names to the scale: Nikriz (نكريز) and ''Aulos'', respectively." "The pitches of the Mi Shebeyrekh antorialmode correspond roughly to a

Dorian mode Dorian mode or Doric mode can refer to three very different but interrelated subjects: one of the Ancient Greek ''harmoniai'' (characteristic melodic behaviour, or the scale structure associated with it); one of the medieval musical modes; or—mos ...

with a raised fourth (for example, D, E, F, G, A, B, C, or if Katythian Enharmonic mode of Harmonic Minor 4:D, E, F, G, A, B, C); alternately, it could be described as a variant of the

Lydian mode The modern Lydian mode is a seven-tone musical scale formed from a rising pattern of pitches comprising three whole tones, a semitone, two more whole tones, and a final semitone. : Because of the importance of the major scale in modern music ...

, deriving instead from the

, rather than from the

major scale The major scale (or Ionian mode) is one of the most commonly used musical scales, especially in Western music. It is one of the diatonic scales. Like many musical scales, it is made up of seven notes: the eighth duplicates the first at double i ...

. Beregovski calls this pitch collection 'Ukrainian Dorian'." The Ukrainian Dorian scale is used particularly extensively within Julian Cochran's music including the Romanian Dances and Mazurkas.Melisa Burkitt (2011). ''Julian Cochran: Fünf Mazurken für Klavier'', Calaméo. It has also been used by

George Gershwin George Gershwin (; born Jacob Gershwine; September 26, 1898 – July 11, 1937) was an American composer and pianist whose compositions spanned popular, jazz and classical genres. Among his best-known works are the orchestral compositions ' ...

.Pollack, Howard (2006). ''George Gershwin: His Life and Work'' p.46. . Another example is the

Bert Kaempfert Bert Kaempfert (born Berthold Heinrich Kämpfert; 16 October 1923 – 21 June 1980) was a German orchestra leader, multi-instrumentalist, music producer, arranger, and composer. He made easy listening and jazz-oriented records and wrote the musi ...

tune " Sweet Maria". Also called the Ukrainian minor scale, it is a combined type of

. It figures prominently in Eastern European music, particularly

Klezmer Klezmer ( yi, קלעזמער or ) is an instrumental musical tradition of the Ashkenazi Jews of Central and Eastern Europe. The essential elements of the tradition include dance tunes, ritual melodies, and virtuosic improvisations played for l ...

music, and melodies based on this scale have an exotic, romantic flavor for listeners accustomed to more typical Western scales. A Ukrainian minor scale in the key of C would proceed as follows: C D E F G A B.
A Ukrainian minor scale in the key of B would proceed as follows: B C D E F G A.
Its step pattern is w - h - + - h - w - h - w, where w indicates a whole step, h indicates a half step, and + indicates an augmented second, which looks like a minor third on a keyboard but is notationally distinct. Chords that may be derived from the scale based on B are Bm, C#7, D, E#dim7, F#m, G#m7b5 and Aaug. This scale is obtainable from the

by starting from the fourth of that scale. Said another way, the B Ukrainian minor scale is the fourth mode of the F# harmonic minor scale. When its tonic is lowered a semitone, we obtain the Katythian Enharmonic scale, the 4th mode of the

Harmonic Minor In music theory, the minor scale is three scale patterns – the natural minor scale (or Aeolian mode), the harmonic minor scale, and the melodic minor scale (ascending or descending) – rather than just two as with the major scale, which also ...

4 scale:B C D E F G A/C D E F G A B/C D E F G A B. Chords that may be derived from the Katythian Enharmonic scale based on B are Bbaug, C#6, D, Bb7, F#m, F#, Bbm, G#7sus2b5 and Aaug. Likewise, Chords that may be derived from the Katythian Enharmonic scale based on C are Cbaug, D6, Eb, Cb7, Gm, G, Cbm, A7sus2b5, and Bbaug, and for the one based on C:Caug, D#6, E, C7, G#m, G#, Cm, A#7sus2b5, and Baug.

Use in Jewish and Roman music

In Jewish and Roman music the altered Dorian scale may be called the Misheberak scale. It may also be called Av horachamin (Compassionate Father),Gottlieb, Jack (2004). ''Funny, it doesn't sound Jewish'', p.65. . Mi Shebeyrekh, and Misheberach. This scale was used extensively by Erik Satie, especially noticeable in his Gnossienne No 3.

References

External links

The Ukrainian Dorian Scale mapped out for guitar in all positions

Ukrainian Dorian Scale - Analysis
{{Scales Heptatonic scales Hemitonic scales Tritonic scales Musical scales with augmented seconds

Use in Jewish and Roman music

See also

References

Further reading

External links