Uija of Baekje (599?–660, r. 641–660) was the 31st and
final ruler of
Baekje
Baekje or Paekche (, ) was a Korean kingdom located in southwestern Korea from 18 BC to 660 AD. It was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, together with Goguryeo and Silla.
Baekje was founded by Onjo, the third son of Goguryeo's founder Jum ...
, one of the
Three Kingdoms of Korea
Samhan or the Three Kingdoms of Korea () refers to the three kingdoms of Goguryeo (고구려, 高句麗), Baekje (백제, 百濟), and Silla (신라, 新羅). Goguryeo was later known as Goryeo (고려, 高麗), from which the modern name ''Kor ...
. His reign ended when
Baekje was conquered by an alliance of the rival Korean kingdom
Silla
Silla or Shilla (57 BCE – 935 CE) ( , Old Korean: Syera, Old Japanese: Siraki2) was a Korean kingdom located on the southern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula. Silla, along with Baekje and Goguryeo, formed the Three Kingdoms of K ...
and
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
's
Tang dynasty
The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, t= ), or Tang Empire, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an Zhou dynasty (690–705), interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dyn ...
.
Background
During this time, the northern Korean kingdom of
Goguryeo
Goguryeo (37 BC–668 AD) ( ) also called Goryeo (), was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of Northeast China. At its peak of power, Goguryeo controlled most ...
, under the control of
Yeon Gaesomun
Yeon GaesomunSome Chinese and Korean sources stated that his surname was Yeongae () and personal name was Somun (), but the majority of sources suggest a one-syllable surname and a three-syllable personal name. (594–666) was a powerful militar ...
, took aggressive stances against Silla and the Tang. Silla responded by eventually allying closely with Tang China, threatening Baekje in the middle.
According to the
Samguk Sagi
''Samguk Sagi'' (, ''History of the Three Kingdoms'') is a historical record of the Three Kingdoms of Korea: Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla. The ''Samguk Sagi'' is written in Classical Chinese, the written language of the literati of ancient Korea, ...
, Uija was the eldest son of
King Mu. According to a legend in the
Samguk Yusa
''Samguk yusa'' () or ''Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms'' is a collection of legends, folktales and historical accounts relating to the Three Kingdoms of Korea (Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla), as well as to other periods and states before, duri ...
, Mu was a Baekje peasant who married
Princess Seonhwa of Silla (making her Uija's mother), but this is not considered orthodox history. Uija was made crown prince in January 632 and became king upon his father's death in 641.
Reign
Although friendly with Tang China at first, Uija soon allied with Goguryeo to attack Silla. In 642, he led a campaign against Silla and conquered some 40 castles.
He also sent a force of 10,000 to take Silla's
Daeya Fortress and kill
Kim Chunchu
King Taejong Muyeol (604–661), born Gim Chunchu, was the 29th ruler of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He is credited for leading the unification of Korea's Three Kingdoms.
Background
King Taejong Muyeol was born with the "sacred ...
's daughter and son-in-law. The next year, with Goguryeo, Baekje attacked Silla again and tried to block its diplomatic route to Tang China. When Silla-Tang forces attacked Goguryeo in 645, he attacked Silla and took seven castles. Baekje and Goguryeo hit Silla's northern border in 655.
Soon upon becoming king, Uija undertook political reform to control the powers of the aristocracy. However, his reign was plagued by the internal power struggle among the nobles and corruption and decadence within the court.
As the court fell into disarray, the Silla-Tang alliance, repeatedly frustrated by Goguryeo's Yeon Gaesomun, changed strategy and decided to attack Goguryeo's ally Baekje first.
Fall of Baekje
In 660, Baekje's navy was defeated by Tang's navy, and Silla's army led by
Kim Yu-sin
Gim Yu-sin (sometimes romanized Kim Yu-shin, Gim Yu-sin, or Gim Yu-shin) (595 – 18 August 673) was a Korean military general and politician in 7th-century Silla. He led the unification of the Korean Peninsula by Silla under the reign of King ...
defeated Baekje's army led by
Gye Baek
Gyebaek, or Kyebaek (died 20 August 660In Lunar calendar, he died on 9 July 660.), was a general in the ancient Korean kingdom of Baekje during the early to mid-7th century. Little else is known of his personal life—including the year and locat ...
.
Sabi, Baekje's capital, (in present-day
Buyeo
Buyeo or Puyŏ ( Korean: 부여; Korean pronunciation: u.jʌ or 扶餘 ''Fúyú''), also rendered as Fuyu, was an ancient kingdom that was centered in northern Manchuria in modern-day northeast China. It is sometimes considered a Korea ...
,
Chungcheongnam-do
South Chungcheong Province ( ko, 충청남도, ''Chungcheongnam-do''), also known as Chungnam, is a province of South Korea. South Chungcheong has a population of 2,059,871 (2014) and has a geographic area of 8,204 km2 (3,168 sq mi) located in ...
) was surrounded by the Silla-Tang allied forces. Uija and the crown prince escaped to Ungjin (in present-day
Gongju
Gongju ([]; Gongju-si) is a city in South Chungcheong province, South Korea.
History
Gongju was formerly named Ungjin and was the capital of Baekje from AD 475 to 538. In this period, Baekje was under threat from Goguryeo. Goguryeo had overrun ...
), but surrendered when Sabi fell.
He was taken to Tang along with his sons
Buyeo Hyo
Buyeo Hyo (扶餘孝, ? – ?) was a prince of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was a son of the last king, Uija of Baekje. When Sabi, the capital fell to the Silla–Tang alliance in 660 he fled to Ungjin with his mother the quee ...
and
Buyeo Yung
Buyeo Yung (615–682) was the eldest son of King Uija, the last king of Baekje. He was appointed crown prince in 644, and would have been the kingdom's 32nd ruler. He is known as the progenitor of Buyeo Seo Clan (부여 서씨/扶餘徐氏) wh ...
, 88 retainers, and 12,807 Baekje peasants. Another of his sons,
Buyeo Pung
Buyeo Pung (扶餘豊, 623–668) was a prince of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was son of the last king, Uija of Baekje. When Baekje fell to the Silla–Tang alliance in 660, he was a hostage who mortgaged the alliance of Bae ...
, later attempted to restore his father's kingdom.
In 2000, his remains were retrieved from China and buried in a new tomb in
Neungsan-ri,
Buyeo-gun
Buyeo County (''Buyeo-gun'') is a county in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea. Buyeo-eup, the county's capital, was the site of the capital of Baekje from 538-660 AD, during which it was called Sabi Fortress.
Famous people associated with ...
,
Chungcheongnam-do
South Chungcheong Province ( ko, 충청남도, ''Chungcheongnam-do''), also known as Chungnam, is a province of South Korea. South Chungcheong has a population of 2,059,871 (2014) and has a geographic area of 8,204 km2 (3,168 sq mi) located in ...
,
South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and sharing a Korean Demilitarized Zone, land border with North Korea. Its western border is formed ...
, near what was Baekje's final capital, Sabi.
Uija was his personal name; he did not receive a
posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given mostly to the notable dead in East Asian culture. It is predominantly practiced in East Asian countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan, and Thailand. Reflecting on the person's accomplishments or ...
.
Family
* Father:
Mu of Baekje
King Mu of Baekje (580–641) (r. 600–641) was the 30th king of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the 4th son of King Wideok.
Background
During his reign, the Three Kingdoms (Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla) were at war with e ...
* Mother:
Lady Sataek (沙宅王后, ?–642) – daughter of Minister Sataek Jeokdeok (沙宅積德), later became the ''Empress Dowager Munjeong'' (文貞太后, 문정태후) during her son's reign.
** Half brother:
Buyeo Gyogi
Buyeo Gyogi (扶餘翹岐, ? – 677) was a prince of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the second son of the 30th king, Mu of Baekje and half-brother of the 31st king, Uija of Baekje.
In 642 he was exiled along with his mothe ...
(扶餘翹岐, ?–?) – banished to Japan in 642 along with 40 noblemen and his mother and sister.
**Queen:
Eun'go (穆王后, 恩古) – the wife of Uija is mentioned only in the Japanese ''
Nihon Shoki'' which claims she was a big reason for Baekje's downfall.
***
Buyeo Yung
Buyeo Yung (615–682) was the eldest son of King Uija, the last king of Baekje. He was appointed crown prince in 644, and would have been the kingdom's 32nd ruler. He is known as the progenitor of Buyeo Seo Clan (부여 서씨/扶餘徐氏) wh ...
(扶餘隆, 615–682) – first son, appointed crown prince in 644. He changed his surname to Seo and is known as the progenitor of Buyeo Seo Clan (부여 서씨/扶餘徐氏). He was exiled to China with his father and brothers and died in
Luoyang
Luoyang is a city located in the confluence area of Luo River (Henan), Luo River and Yellow River in the west of Henan province. Governed as a prefecture-level city, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Pingdingshan to the ...
, China. Called ''Fuyu Ryū'' in Japan.
***
Buyeo Tae
Buyeo Tae (扶餘泰, ? – ?) was a prince of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the second son of the last king, Uija of Baekje. When Sabi (Korea), Sabi, the capital fell to the Silla–Tang alliance in 660 he fled to Ungjin wi ...
(扶餘泰, ?–?) – second son, exiled to China with father.
***
Buyeo Hyo
Buyeo Hyo (扶餘孝, ? – ?) was a prince of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was a son of the last king, Uija of Baekje. When Sabi, the capital fell to the Silla–Tang alliance in 660 he fled to Ungjin with his mother the quee ...
(扶餘孝, ?–?) – exiled to China with father.
***
Buyeo Yeon
Buyeo Yeon (扶餘演, ? – ?) was a prince of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was a son of the last king, Uija of Baekje. When Sabi, the capital fell to the Silla–Tang alliance in 660 he fled to Ungjin with his mother the que ...
(扶餘演, ?–?) – exiled to China with father
*** Buyeo Seon'gwang (
Zenkō) (扶餘善光, 621–687) – sent as hostage to Japan in 643 with older brother Pung but he stayed in Japan and was called "''Zenkō''" and became ancestor of the
Kudara no Konikishi clan
The Kudara no Konikishi ( ja, 百済王) was a Japanese clan whose founder, Zenkō ( or ), was a son of King Uija, the last king of Baekje, in southwestern Korea.
''Kudara'' was an ''uji'', or clan name, and represented its country of origin, Ba ...
.
***
Buyeo Pung
Buyeo Pung (扶餘豊, 623–668) was a prince of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was son of the last king, Uija of Baekje. When Baekje fell to the Silla–Tang alliance in 660, he was a hostage who mortgaged the alliance of Bae ...
(扶餘豊, 623–668) – sent as hostage to Japan in 643 with younger brother where they called him ''Fuyu Hōshō'' but returned to recover Baekje. Declared king by
Gwisil Boksin
Gwisil Boksin (鬼室福信, ? – 663) was a military general of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He is remembered primarily as a leader of the Baekje Revival Movement to restore the kingdom after the capital fell in 660 to the Sill ...
under the name King Pungjang (豊璋王) but was soon captured and exiled to Southern China.
****
Buyeo Sa
Buyeo Sa (扶餘泰, ? – ?) was a prince of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the son of Buyeo Pung by a Japanese woman and also grandson of the last king of Baekje, Uija of Baekje. He is also called Sa-wang (絲王). In Japan ...
(扶餘絲, ?–?) – son of Buyeo Pung who escaped to Japan but was assassinated by Silla agents but is the ancestor of several Japanese clans. He was called ''Teika-Ō'' (禎嘉王) in Japan.
***
Buyeo Yong
Buyeo Yong (扶餘勇, 623 – 668) was a prince of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was a son of the last king, Uija of Baekje.
In September, 663 in the Battle of Baekgang he led the Baekje Revival Army and was defeated by the for ...
(扶餘勇, ?–?) – led the Baekje revolutionary army along with his brother Pung but was defeated and exiled.
***
Buyeo Chung'seung (扶餘忠勝, ?–?) – took part in the revival movement, fate unknown.
***
Buyeo Chungji
Buyeo Chungji (扶餘忠志, ? – ?) was a prince of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was a son of the last king, Uija of Baekje. When Sabi, the capital fell to the Silla–Tang alliance in 660 he fled to Ungjin with his mother ...
(扶餘忠志, ?–?) – took part in the revival movement, fate unknown.
Popular culture
* Portrayed by Moon Hoe-won in 2006-2007
SBS TV series ''
Yeon Gaesomun
Yeon GaesomunSome Chinese and Korean sources stated that his surname was Yeongae () and personal name was Somun (), but the majority of sources suggest a one-syllable surname and a three-syllable personal name. (594–666) was a powerful militar ...
''.
* Portrayed by
Choi Won-hong
Choi Won-hong (born December 14, 2000) is a South Korean actor. After discharged from the military in 2022, he signed a contract with Jung Man-sik
Jung Man-sik (; born December 11, 1974) is a South Korean actor. His name is also romanized as ...
,
Noh Young-hak
Noh Young-Hak (born April 1, 1993) is a South Korean actor.
Filmography
Television series
Films
Awards and nominations
References
External links
*
*
*
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Noh, Young-hak
1993 births
Living people
Male actors f ...
and
Cho Jae-hyun
Cho Jae-hyun (born June 30, 1965) is a South Korean film, stage, and TV actor. He is commonly dubbed "director Kim Ki-duk's persona" since Cho has starred as leading and supporting characters in a number of films directed by Kim.
Early years a ...
in the 2011
KBS1
The Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) () is the national broadcaster of South Korea. Founded in February 1927, it is one of the leading South Korean television and radio broadcasters.
KBS operates seven radio networks, ten television channels, a ...
TV series ''
Gyebaek
Gyebaek, or Kyebaek (died 20 August 660In Lunar calendar, he died on 9 July 660.), was a general in the ancient Korean kingdom of Baekje during the early to mid-7th century. Little else is known of his personal life—including the year and locat ...
''.
* Portrayed by
Lee Jin-woo in the 2012-13 KBS1 TV series ''
Dream of the Emperor
''Dream of the Emperor'' () is a South Korean television series that aired on KBS1 from September 8, 2012 to June 9, 2013 on Saturdays and Sundays at 21:40 for 70 episodes.
Plot
Kim Chun-chu is the grandson of King Jinji, but when his grandfat ...
''.
*Portrayed in the 2017
KBS TV series ''
Chronicles of Korea
Chronicles may refer to:
* ''Books of Chronicles'', in the Bible
* Chronicle, chronological histories
* ''The Chronicles of Narnia'', a novel series by C. S. Lewis
* ''Holinshed's Chronicles'', the collected works of Raphael Holinshed
* ''The Idhu ...
.''
*Portrayed in the 2021 WEBNOVEL titled QUEEN JINDEOK by author TAIYANG DASHENG
See also
*
Rulers of Korea
This is a list of monarchs of Korea, arranged by dynasty. Names are romanized according to the South Korean Revised Romanization of Korean. McCune–Reischauer romanizations may be found at the articles about the individual monarchs.
Gojoseon
...
*
Three Kingdoms of Korea
Samhan or the Three Kingdoms of Korea () refers to the three kingdoms of Goguryeo (고구려, 高句麗), Baekje (백제, 百濟), and Silla (신라, 新羅). Goguryeo was later known as Goryeo (고려, 高麗), from which the modern name ''Kor ...
*
History of Korea
The Lower Paleolithic era in the Korean Peninsula and Manchuria began roughly half a million years ago.
Christopher J. Norton, "The Current State of Korean Paleoanthropology", (2000), ''Journal of Human Evolution'', 38: 803–825.
The earlies ...
*
List of Monarchs of Korea
This is a list of monarchs of Korea, arranged by dynasty. Names are romanized according to the South Korean Revised Romanization of Korean. McCune–Reischauer romanizations may be found at the articles about the individual monarchs.
Gojoseon
...
References
*
Content in this article was copied fro
Samguk Sagi Scroll 23at the Shoki Wiki, which is licensed under th
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (Unported) (CC-BY-SA 3.0) license
External links
(in Korean)
Korea Britannica article(in Korean)
Tomb of King Uija(in Korean)
{{s-end
660 deaths
Baekje rulers
Monarchs taken prisoner in wartime
Year of birth uncertain
7th-century monarchs in Asia