USS Tucker (DD-374)

USS ''Tucker'' (DD-374) was one of 18 s built for the United States Navy and was commissioned in 1936. ''Tucker''s main battery consisted of five dual-purpose 38 caliber 5-inch (127 mm) guns.

First assigned to the United States Battle Fleet in San Diego, California, ''Tucker'' operated along the West Coast and in the Hawaiian Islands. After participating in naval exercises in the Caribbean Sea, she returned to duty in Hawaii. She then went on a goodwill tour to New Zealand, returning to Hawaii and docking at Pearl Harbor. When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on 7December 1941, ''Tucker'' was undergoing an overhaul and was not attacked. Soon afterward, she began escorting convoys between the West Coast and Hawaii. ''Tucker'' was then tasked with escort duty to islands in the South Pacific.

''Tucker'' steamed out of port on 1 August 1942, escorting a cargo ship to Espiritu Santo. They entered its harbor three days later, where the destroyer unknowingly entered a defensive minefield laid by the US Navy. ''Tucker'' struck at least one mine that tore her almost in two, sinking her and killing three sailors; the rest of the crew survived.

Design

General characteristics

The Mahan-class destroyers were improved versions of the preceding ''Farragut'' class. The ''Mahan''s' standard displacement was larger, and they were equipped with a more efficient steam propulsion system and designed to carry 12 torpedo tubes, an increase of four over the Farragut-class.

''Tucker'' displaced
at standard load and at deep load. The ship's overall length was , her beam was , and her draft was . Her peace-time complement consisted of 158 officers and enlisted men.

She had a tripod foremast and a pole mainmast. To improve the antiaircraft field of fire, her tripod foremast was constructed without nautical rigging. The destroyer was fitted with emergency diesel generators, replacing the storage batteries of earlier destroyers. Gun crew shelters were also built fore and aft for the superimposed guns. A third set of quadruple torpedo tubes was added, with one mounted on the centerline and two in the side positions.

Machinery

''Tucker'' was fitted with four water-tube boilers built by either Babcock & Wilcox or Foster Wheeler. They generated the steam that propelled the two General Electric geared steam turbines, developing for a maximum speed of . ''Tucker'' carried a maximum of of fuel oil, with a trial range of at . The ship's
wartime ranges were at and at .
The ship's design incorporated a new generation of propulsion machinery. The boilers were capable of reaching , powering the high-pressure turbines with double-reduction gears that enabled the turbines to run faster and more efficiently than in previous destroyer designs.

Armament

''Tucker''s main battery consisted of five dual-purpose 38 caliber 5-inch (127 mm) guns, equipped with the MK33 gun fire-control system.
The ship's antiaircraft battery had four water-cooled .50 caliber machine guns (12.7 mm). The ship was fitted with three quadruple torpedo-tube mounts for twelve torpedoes, guided by the Mark27 torpedo fire-control system. Those on the port and starboard sides could only fire to their side, but the centerline mount could fire to both sides. She was rigged for two depth charge roll-off racks and for depth charge projectors ( K-guns). In early 1942, the Navy began to refit the ''Mahan''-class destroyers with new antiaircraft armament, although most of the class was not refitted until sometime in 1944. (The source, Hodges and Friedman, do not indicate if ''Tucker'' was refitted).

Construction and service history

''Tucker'' was the second vessel to be named for Samuel Tucker, who had been an officer in the Continental Navy and the United States Navy. ''Tucker''s keel was laid down on 15August 1934. She was launched on 26February 1936 and christened by a third cousin of Tucker. The ship was commissioned in the United States Navy on 23July.

After her shakedown cruise, she joined destroyer forces attached to the United States Battle Fleet in San Diego, California. She operated with them along the West Coast and in the Hawaiian islands as part of Destroyer Squadron3 of the Destroyer Division.
In February 1939, she took part in Fleet Problem XX, a naval exercise held in the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean and observed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. As tensions with Japan increased, the fleet was ordered to return to Hawaiian waters.

In June 1940, ''Tucker'' steamed from Hawaii to a location east of Wake Island for fleet exercises. In ''United States Navy Destroyers of World War II,'' John Reilly, Jr. described the uncommon method used to power the vessel on its return to Hawaii:

''Tucker'' continued operating between Hawaii and the West Coast into February 1941. She then set course for New Zealand on a goodwill tour, arriving in Auckland on 17 March. Returning to Pearl Harbor, she took part in routine exercises at sea before returning to her homeport of San Diego on 19September. After a short stay, ''Tucker'' steamed to Hawaii in November as part of Task Force19, operating again in the Hawaiian Islands. Shortly afterward, she put into Pearl Harbor for an overhaul by a destroyer tender.

When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, ''Tucker'' was one of five destroyers moored at berth X–9, East Loch, alongside the destroyer tender . Even before ''Tucker''s general quarters alarm could be sounded, one of her on-deck sailors began firing a 50-caliber machine gun at the first wave of Japanese aircraft. When the second wave attacked, every ship that could opened fire. ''Tucker''s gunners scored hits on at least two aircraft: one crashed in a cane field, another in flames disappeared over a mountaintop. Still undergoing overhaul, much of ''Tucker''’s machinery had been torn down for repairs. Despite the crew's efforts, she was unable to get underway until that evening.

After her overhaul, ''Tucker'' patrolled off Pearl Harbor and spent several months escorting convoys between Hawaii and the West Coast. With new orders, she steamed to the South Pacific for convoy duty. ''Tucker'' then escorted the seaplane tender to Tutuila, American Samoa, as part of the drive to fortify outposts. She then escorted her charge to Suva, Fiji, and proceeded to Noumea, New Caledonia. Steaming on for Australia, she arrived at Sydney on 27April. After taking on fuel, she visited Melbourne, Perth, and Fremantle before steaming back to Sydney. ''Tucker'' and ''Wright'' returned to Suva, arriving on 3June 1942. For the remainder of June and into the first week of July, ''Tucker'' operated out of Suva before relieving the cruiser of convoy escort duties on 10July. On30 July, the ship arrived at Auckland and the following day started back for Suva.

Fate

On 1August 1942 ''Tucker'' left Suva, escorting the cargo ship SS ''Nira Luckenbach'' to Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides. On 4August ''Tucker'' led the cargo ship into the harbor at Espiritu Santo, as she headed into the western entrance, she struck at least one mine. The explosion tore her hull nearly in two at the No.1 stack, killing all three crew members on watch in the forward fire room. The rest of the ship's company survived.
''Nira Luckenbach'' and other vessels rescued sailors from their sinking ship. ''Tucker''s stern sank the following morning; a diving party scuttled and sank her bow. The ship had steamed into the Segond Channel unaware that the minelayers , , and had laid mines at its western entrance. An investigation revealed that ''Tucker's'' captain had not been informed of the minefield. She was stricken from the '' Naval Vessel Register'' on 2December 1944. ''Tucker''s loss was a setback to the Pacific Fleet, which was trying to assemble every available ship for the Battle of Guadalcanal.

Three days after ''Tucker'' sank, the seagoing tugboat arrived on site with divers, salvaging her guns, turbines, anchors and chains. During the remainder of the war, the Navy used the wreckage site for diver training; they did not undertake further salvaging.
Settling in just of water, the ship was easily accessible to private salvors, who harvested anything of value, ransacking and further scattering ''Tucker''s remains. Sport divers also had a destructive effect on the site, which by 1997 resembled an "underwater junkyard". Mike Gerken, an underwater photojournalist, dove the ''Tucker'' wreckage site several times; in 2013 he eulogized ''Tucker'' and other sunken ships:

''Tucker'' and SS ''President Coolidge'', a troopship, suffered similar fates less than three months apart; both were sunk in different locations of the same U.S. Navy minefield, and both later became diving sites.

Honors

''Tucker'' received one battle star for her World War II service.

References

Citations

Bibliography

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Tucker (DD-374)
1936 ships
Attack on Pearl Harbor
Mahan-class destroyers
Maritime incidents in August 1942
Ships built in Portsmouth, Virginia
Ships present during the attack on Pearl Harbor
Ships sunk by mines
World War II destroyers of the United States
World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean