USS ''Raleigh'' (C-8) was a
United States Navy protected cruiser of the
''Cincinnati'' class, commissioned in 1894 and in periodic service until 1919.
The second ship named ''Raleigh'', was laid down on 19 December 1889 at the
Norfolk Navy Yard,
Portsmouth, Virginia
Portsmouth is an independent city in southeast Virginia and across the Elizabeth River from Norfolk. As of the 2020 census, the population was 97,915. It is part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area.
The Norfolk Naval Shipyard and Naval M ...
; launched 31 March 1892; sponsored by Mrs. Alfred W. Haywood; and commissioned on 17 April 1894.
The ship was named after the City of Raleigh, the capital of North Carolina.
Pre-Spanish–American War
Remaining in the yard for another five months, ''Raleigh'' shifted to
Hampton Roads
Hampton Roads is the name of both a body of water in the United States that serves as a wide channel for the James River, James, Nansemond River, Nansemond and Elizabeth River (Virginia), Elizabeth rivers between Old Point Comfort and Sewell's ...
in early September, then conducted shakedown in
Chesapeake Bay. In January 1895, she completed fitting out at the torpedo station at
Newport, Rhode Island, and on the 25th put to sea to join the
North Atlantic Squadron for battle practice in the
Caribbean
The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïbe; ht, Karayib; nl, De Caraïben) is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Se ...
. In June, she put into New York, whence she moved south again for a cruise around the Florida peninsula; and in August, she returned to New York for voyage repairs before resuming operations with her squadron. For the next 10 months, she continued operations in the western Atlantic, ranging from
New England to the
Straits of Florida.
During the summer of 1896, she trained Naval Militiamen from
South Carolina and
Louisiana, then returned to the east coast and North Atlantic Squadron exercises. From late October 1896-early February 1897, she joined in a neutrality patrol off Florida, and in April, after the completion of an overhaul at Norfolk, participated in ceremonies marking the dedication of
Grant's Tomb
Grant's Tomb, officially the General Grant National Memorial, is the final resting place of Ulysses S. Grant, 18th president of the United States, and his wife, Julia Grant. It is a classical domed mausoleum in the Morningside Heights neighborho ...
.
On 6 May, ''Raleigh'' steamed east, and on 11 June reported for duty on the European Station at
Smyrna (now Izmir) on the
Aegean Sea. In July, she participated in a good-will tour of
Moroccan ports. In August, she cruised off
Italy, then returned to the western
Mediterranean. Into December, she operated off the
Levant and, toward the end of the month transited the
Suez Canal
The Suez Canal ( arz, قَنَاةُ ٱلسُّوَيْسِ, ') is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia. The long canal is a popular ...
en route to the
Asiatic Station. On 18 February 1898, she reached
Hong Kong where she joined
Dewey's squadron.
Spanish–American War
On 26 April, the
US Congress declared
war against Spain. On the 27th the squadron got underway for
Manila.
At the end of the month, ''Raleigh'' passed
El Fraile Island and was fired on by an enemy battery. With and , she returned the fire, then moved toward Cavite to engage the Spanish fleet. ''Raleigh'' is credited with firing the first shot of the
Battle of Manila Bay from a 5-inch/40 caliber gun.
DiGiulian, Tony, 5"/40 US Navy guns at NavWeaps.com
/ref>
Steaming in column, the American squadron ran by the Spanish, firing at close range. Two hours later, five cross runs had been completed, and the Spanish fleet had been destroyed. Shore batteries became the targets. Just before noon on 1 May, ''Raleigh'' joined , ''Boston'', and in silencing the navy yard and arsenal batteries. On 2 May, she sent officers ashore to demand the surrender of Corregidor
Corregidor ( tl, Pulo ng Corregidor, ) is an island located at the entrance of Manila Bay in the southwestern part of Luzon in the Philippines, and is considered part of the Province of Cavite. Due to this location, Corregidor has historically b ...
and, on the 3rd, sent men to disable the batteries there and destroy the munitions. In the late afternoon, shore parties were sent to Palo Caballo for the same purpose. ''Raleigh'' then took up picket and patrol duties, capturing the gunboat on the 12th.
In July, ''Raleigh'' shifted from Manila Bay to Subic Bay. On the 7th, she shelled Spanish positions on Grande Island until they surrendered; she then sent garrison troops ashore. On the 10th, she returned to Manila, where she remained until after the Spanish surrendered the city in mid-August.
Pre-World War I
On the 25th, ''Raleigh'' put to sea, bound for Hong Kong with mail. In early September, she returned to the Philippines where she operated until sailing for Suez, Gibraltar
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, map_alt = Location of Gibraltar in Europe
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, and the United States on 15 December. On 15 April 1899, she arrived at New York and the next day received honors from other ships and from officials of the city.
10 days after her arrival, ''Raleigh'' cleared New York Harbor and turned south. On the 26th, she entered the Delaware River
The Delaware River is a major river in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. From the meeting of its branches in Hancock (village), New York, Hancock, New York, the river flows for along the borders of N ...
and moved up to Philadelphia, where on the 28th, President William McKinley and Secretary of the Navy John Davis Long came on board to honor the ship and crew for a job well done.
On 2 May, ''Raleigh'' got underway again, and, after visiting ports in the Carolinas, put into Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Portsmouth is a city in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. At the 2020 census it had a population of 21,956. A historic seaport and popular summer tourist destination on the Piscataqua River bordering the state of Maine, Portsmou ...
, where she was decommissioned on 10 June.
Recommissioned on 5 January 1903, ''Raleigh'' was fitted out at New York and in mid-March sailed for Honduras
Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. The republic of Honduras is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Oce ...
. There, she delivered stores to ships cruising off that coast, then headed east. Steaming via Gibraltar and Suez, she rejoined the Asiatic Fleet at Chefoo, China, on 26 August.
For the next four years she cruised in Korean, Chinese, Japanese, and Philippine waters in support of diplomatic missions as well as showing the flag and conducting good-will tours. One of ''Raleighs sailors, Chief Carpenter's Mate Robert Klein, received the Medal of Honor for his actions during a 25 January 1904 incident in which he rescued shipmates who had been overcome by turpentine fumes in a double bottom
A double hull is a ship Hull (watercraft), hull design and construction method where the bottom and sides of the ship have two complete layers of watertight hull surface: one outer layer forming the normal hull of the ship, and a second inner hull ...
compartment. On 12 August 1907, she departed Yokosuka for San Francisco. Arriving on 6 September, she proceeded to Mare Island to begin inactivation.
Decommissioned on 12 October 1907, ''Raleigh'' was recommissioned on 21 February 1911. Initially assigned to the Pacific Reserve Squadron, she remained in San Francisco until December. She then moved north to Bremerton, Washington, and two more years of little activity.
On 6 December 1913, she departed Puget Sound. Steaming south, she joined the active fleet and served as a station ship in Mexican
Mexican may refer to:
Mexico and its culture
*Being related to, from, or connected to the country of Mexico, in North America
** People
*** Mexicans, inhabitants of the country Mexico and their descendants
*** Mexica, ancient indigenous people ...
ports, primarily Manzanillo, Mazatlán, La Paz, and Guaymas for the next four years. During the time she interrupted her Mexican assignments twice: for duty at Ocos, Guatemala from 6–25 October 1915; and at Corinto, Nicaragua from 1 April-26 July 1916.
World War I and beyond
Undergoing repairs at Mare Island when the United States entered World War I, ''Raleigh'' departed San Francisco in early May 1917, and on 5 June joined the Patrol Force, Atlantic Fleet, at Newport, R.I. Assigned to Cruiser Force, 2nd Squadron, she patrolled from Boston to Norfolk until November when she was detached for duty in Brazilian waters.
On 12 December, ''Raleigh'' arrived at Rio de Janeiro, and until 27 April 1918 she patrolled between there and Bahia (Salvador). In May, she arrived off West Africa; delivered munitions to the Liberia
Liberia (), officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to Liberia–Sierra Leone border, its northwest, Guinea to its north, Ivory Coast to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean ...
n Government; continued on to Dakar, French West Africa
French West Africa (french: Afrique-Occidentale française, ) was a federation of eight French colonial territories in West Africa: Mauritania, Senegal, French Sudan (now Mali), French Guinea (now Guinea), Ivory Coast, Upper Volta (now Burki ...
, then headed west on 18 May. At the end of the month, she resumed Bahia-Rio patrols.
320px, A panoramic view of ''Raleigh'' as she lies at anchor off 27th Street, North River, 17 April 1899.
At the same time, however, German U-boats appeared off the east coast of the United States. ''Raleigh'' was ordered home.
Clearing Bahia on 26 June, she joined the American Patrol Detachment at Key West
Key West ( es, Cayo Hueso) is an island in the Straits of Florida, within the U.S. state of Florida. Together with all or parts of the separate islands of Dredgers Key, Fleming Key, Sunset Key, and the northern part of Stock Island, it cons ...
, Florida, on 21 July and began guarding convoys in the Gulf of Mexico, in the Caribbean, and off the east coast of the Carolinas. She remained on that duty until after the end of the war, and into 1919 continued operations out of Key West. On 6 April, she entered the Charleston Navy Yard and prepared for inactivation. On 21 April, she was decommissioned for the last time, and on 5 August 1921 she was sold for scrapping to Henry A. Hitner's Sons Company Henry A. Hitner's Sons Company owned an iron works in Philadelphia.
The company was established by Henry Adam Hitner and incorporated on 28 December 1906. It purchased many retired United States Navy ships in the early 1900s, converting some of t ...
, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
References
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External links
Library of Congress film "U.S. Cruiser ''Raleigh''" on YouTube
Library of Congress film "Morning Colors on U.S. Cruiser ''Raleigh''" on YouTube
{{DEFAULTSORT:Raleigh (C-8)
World War I cruisers of the United States
Cincinnati-class cruisers
Philippine–American War ships of the United States
Protected cruisers of the United States Navy
Ships built in Portsmouth, Virginia
1892 ships
Spanish–American War cruisers of the United States
Articles containing video clips