USS Picuda (SS-382)

USS ''Picuda'' (SS-382), a , was originally named ''Obispo'', making her the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the obispo, a spotted sting ray.

Construction and launching

''Obispo''′s keel was laid down by the Portsmouth Navy Yard in Kittery, Maine, on 15 March 1943. She was launched on 12 July 1943 sponsored by Mrs. Robert H. English. On 24 September 1942, she was renamed ''Picuda'', making her the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for the picuda, a great barracuda, up to long, of the Caribbean Sea and the tropical western Atlantic Ocean, known for its ferocious voracity. She was commissioned on 16 October 1943.

''Picuda'' remained in the Portsmouth Navy Yard to complete fitting out until 18 November 1943, when she commenced underway trials. She completed torpedo tube trials off Newport, Rhode Island from 14 December through 16 December 1943, and she shifted to the submarine base at New London, Connecticut, for final training exercises. She put to sea from New London on 1 January 1944, reported for duty with the United States Pacific Fleet at Balboa, Panama Canal Zone, on 13 January 1944, arrived at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on 27 January 1944, and joined the Pacific Fleet Submarine Force as a unit of Submarine Division 201, Submarine Squadron 20.

Pacific War

''Picuda'' got underway from Pearl Harbor for her first war patrol on 17 February, setting course for waters off the Caroline Islands, and entering her designated patrol area on 29 February. In an area not far from Truk, she sank 2672-ton ex-gunboat ''Shinyo Maru'' on 2 March, going deep to evade a string of 15 depth charges dropped by searching corvettes. On 18 March, ''Picuda'' changed course to patrol along the Saipan-Palau shipping lanes. She scored hits on a large enemy tanker that afternoon but was held down by two destroyers while the target escaped. She was off Yap Island a few minutes after midnight of 19 March, and sent 1504-ton freighter ''Hoko Maru'' to the bottom with two torpedo hits.

Eleven days later she closed two freighters under escort of two destroyers off the western coast of Yap Island and let go five torpedoes at the largest merchantman. The first hit stopped the target dead in the water and a second torpedo tore off the port quarter capsized the 5873-ton cargo ship ''Atlantic Maru''. Two destroyers came down the torpedo tracks to hover over ''Picuda'' and she was shaken by 26 exploding depth charges before she escaped. With only one torpedo worth firing she returned to Midway Island on 5 April. Upon completion of her refit, she took aboard student officers and men for indoctrination training exercises off Midway, from 28 to 30 April. Three days later she formed a wolf-pack with submarines and .

''Picuda'' put to sea from Midway with the wolf-pack 4 May to conduct her second war patrol in waters off Formosa. On 22 May, she sent four bow shots streaking to sink 1200-ton river gunboat ''Hashidate''. She also severely damaged 3172-ton cargo ship ''Tsukauba Maru'' with the same salvo. The latter enemy was polished off by land-based aircraft from the United States Army Air Corps the following day. On 2 June, ''Picuda'' closed a convoy of twelve ships hugging the coast of Formosa. After sending her contact report to the other submarines of her wolf-pack, she slipped between two of the three leading escorts and pressed home an attack on a large tanker. Three hits were heard as all escorts made for ''Picuda''. She skillfully maneuvered clear and sustained no damage from the many depth charges which exploded on all sides and above from eight enemy vessels during the next hour. She continued to patrol the Formosa coast until 4 June then passed off Batan Island and eastward of the Nansei Shoto to a point northward of Chichi Jima by 14 June. Two days later she pointed her bow for Midway where she arrived 22 June. She put to sea the next day to arrive at Pearl Harbor 27 June. After the end of the second war patrol, Raborn was replaced as skipper of ''Picuda'' by Commander Glynn R. Donaho.

''Picuda'', in wolf-pack with sister ships and , departed Pearl Harbor for her third war patrol 23 July in waters of the Luzon Strait between Formosa and Luzon. On 25 August, ''Picuda'' spotted ten ships hugging the coast some off the beach of Luzon. Slipping past five escorts, and with three enemy patrol planes overhead, she sent six torpedoes streaking to sink 1943-ton cargo ship ''Kotoku Maru'', then skillfully maneuvered for a down-the-throat shot that spelled the doom of 1270 ton pursuing . ''Picuda'' probed deeper in the interior of Luzon Strait on 16 September, for a bold daylight attack on an eight-ship convoy, guarded by three destroyers and air cover. She sank 5975-ton cargo ship ''Tokushima Maru'' and scored hits for unknown damage to two other freighters. Searching the southern border of her assigned patrol area, ''Picuda'' found another convoy hugging the north coast of Luzon on 21 September and sent 1948-ton freighter ''Awaji Maru'' to the bottom. ''Picuda'' made rendezvous with and , then set course in company with these two submarines to terminate her third war patrol in the lagoon of Majuro Atoll on 3 October.

At Majuro, ''Picuda,'' now under the command of Evan T. Shepard, her final wartime skipper, formed a new wolf-pack with ''Queenfish'' and ''Barb'', and departed 27 October. Topping off with fuel at Saipan, 1 November and 2 November, the wolf pack set course to range over the northern waters of the East China Sea, westward of Kyūshū. ''Picuda'' sent 9433-ton passenger-cargo vessel Mayasan Maru to the bottom of the sea 17 November in the area southwest of Nagasaki. On 23 November, closing a convoy off the Korean Archipelago and stealing between two lead escorts, ''Picuda'' sank 6933-ton freighter ''Shuyo Maru'' and 5296-ton passenger-cargo ship ''Fukuju Maru''. She departed her patrol area six days later and returned from her fourth patrol to moor in Apra Harbor, Guam, on 2 December.

On 29 December, ''Picuda'' put to sea for her fifth war patrol in the Formosa Straits and the East China Sea off the east coast of China from Shanghai to Kam Kit. On 7 January 1945, ''Picuda'' received a contact report from ''Barb'' and closed a convoy in the straits of Formosa to inflict severe damage with four torpedo hits on 10,045-ton tanker ''Munakata Maru''. On the afternoon of 8 January, she again received a convoy contact report from ''Barb'' and slipped between two escorts of the starboard screen about four hours before midnight to pick out two large passenger-freighters. Three bow tubes fired at each target resulted in one hit on each. She swung and fired stern shots at a tanker, then discovered an escort dead ahead, range, and was forced to clear the area. The 2854-ton coastal tanker ''Hikoshima Maru'', hit by both ''Picuda'' and ''Barb'', was disabled and ran aground. The freighter ''Meiho Maru'' had a similar experience, and severe damage was inflicted on 6600-ton freighter ''Hisagawa Maru'' as well as 6516-ton coastal tanker ''Manju Maru''. ''Picuda'' having flashed a contact report as she cleared the area, set course for lifeguard station in support of the Third Fleet airstrikes on Formosa. In the early morning darkness of 29 January, ''Picuda'' made out at least three large ships in the rain and commenced tracking. The rain slacked as she approached dead ahead of a troop transport, overlapped by a freighter. One hit on the transport and two hits on the freighter were observed by ''Picudas officer of the deck. The transport, almost dead in the water, commenced shrill whistle blasts and the mist dropped down to reveal the freighter enveloped in a huge cloud of steam and smoke. An enemy float plane forced ''Picuda'' to abandon the attack. The victim sunk in this attack was the 5497-ton passenger-cargo ship ''Clyde Maru''. ''Picuda'' reached Tanapag Harbor, Saipan 5–6 February and arrived at Pearl Harbor on 15 February.

''Picuda'' spent much of her sixth war patrol on lifeguard station off the coast of China. She got underway from Pearl Harbor 15 March and cleared the replenishment base of Apra Harbor, Guam on 29 March. She entered her patrol area off Kii Suido on 2 April for uneventful lifeguard duty in support of B-29 Superfortress strikes. On 6 May, ''Picuda'' made rendezvous with sister ship off the Nansei Shoto and received five crewmen from an Army B-29 bomber and debarked these survivors at Tanapag Harbor on 10 May, transferring them to the Headquarters of the Twenty-First Bomber Command. After voyage repairs alongside submarine tender , she departed 11 May for the East Coast of the United States. She stopped at Pearl Harbor, San Francisco, California, and transited the Panama Canal to arrive at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, Maine, on 22 June.

''Picuda'' received six battle stars for World War II service.

Post-war

''Picuda'' was assigned to Submarine Division 201, Squadron 20, U.S. Atlantic Fleet. She remained in the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard for major overhaul until 18 October. She shifted to the Submarine Base at New London on 31 October for duty as a training ship for the Submarine School. ''Picuda'' put to sea from New London 12 November for a training cruise which included visits to Key West, Florida, and Havana, Cuba. Upon her return to New London, 26 November, she was assigned to the New London Group of 16 November (Inactive) Fleet. She shifted to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard on 12 December to commence preservation incidental to being placed in inactive status. On 15 January 1946, ''Picuda'' was ordered to cease inactivation and report to the Second Fleet for duty as a unit of Submarine Division 81, Squadron 8, U.S. Atlantic Fleet.

''Picuda'' prepared for active service in the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard until 18 February and shifted to the Submarine Base at New London the next day. In company with five other submarines of the New London Group, she cleared that base 25 February for a tour of duty out of the Submarine Base at Balboa, Panama, returning by way of St. Thomas, to New London on 27 March. ''Picuda'' again entered the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard for inactivation on 27 March and was towed by a fleet tug to New London on 19 September 1946. She was placed out of commission, in reserve 25 September 1946.

''Picuda'' was assigned to the New London Group of the Atlantic Reserve Fleet until late in the year 1952 when she was towed to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard for snorkel conversion. She recommissioned 19 June 1953, Lieutenant Commander Ted N. Swain . Her conversion was complete by 24 August and she shifted to the Submarine Base at New London. She reported for duty to Submarine Division 122, Squadron 12, U.S. Atlantic Fleet.

''Picuda'' steamed by way of Norfolk, Virginia, and Nassau, Bahamas, to arrive at Key West, Florida, on 17 September. She was assigned to duty as a training ship for Submarine Refit Training Group and based her operations for that command at Key West through September 1959. This duty included almost daily exercises in the Key West operating area, visits to American ports on the Gulf of Mexico, and periodic training cruises to the waters of Cuba, Jamaica and Haiti. This service was intervened by special cruises from Key West and two tours of duty in the Mediterranean Sea. On her first special cruise, she operated off Norfolk from 24 April to 20 May 1954, participating in anti-submarine development exercises. On her second special cruise, she cleared Key West on 3 September and set course for waters of Northern Europe and the Mediterranean. She arrived at Londonderry Port, Northern Ireland, on 24 September for joint maneuvers with ships of the Royal Navy, then arrived at Gibraltar on 29 October to join units of the Sixth Fleet for Operation "Bright Bonfire." She returned to Londonderry Port 14 November to resume hunter-killer and other anti-submarine warfare tactics with units of the British Fleet, and cleared that port 25 November to resume her training duties at Key West, 11 December. She again sailed from Key West 6 January 1958 and arrived at Gibraltar 18 January. Her tour with the Sixth Fleet included participation in operation "ASCENDEX" and visits to the ports of Palma and Barcelona, Spain; Port de Monaco; and Genoa, Italy. She sailed from Gibraltar on 18 August and conducted hunter-killer exercises with destroyers in waters off Cuba and Jamaica before returning to Key West 11 October.

''Picuda'' underwent overhaul in the Charleston Naval Shipyard from 13 October 1958 to 12 March 1959, followed by a brief period of refresher training in the New London, Connecticut–Newport, Rhode Island, area. She resumed her former duties at Key West on 27 March 1959 and put to sea from that port 1 June for her third Mediterranean tour. She touched at Norfolk 4 June and reached Gibraltar on 15 June. Operations in the Mediterranean during this tour included visits to Naples and Genoa, Italy; Marseilles, France; and Lisbon, Portugal. She departed the latter port 26 August to resume training duties at Key West, Florida.

''Picuda'' was brought to Pensacola, Florida during the 50th Anniversary of Naval Aviation and people were allowed to board her to see inside.

In 1961, ''Picuda'' visited Guantanamo Bay and underwent a five-month overhaul at Charleston Naval Shipyard. During 1962, ''Picuda'' visited Guantanamo Bay twice before making a circumnavigation of the South American continent, conducting joint operations with Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile and Peru. This operation was terminated due to the Cuban Missile Crisis, and ''Picuda'' proceeded to Key West, Florida. ''Picuda'' spent most of 1963 operating out of her homeport of Key West making one trip to Guantanamo Bay.

During 1964, ''Picuda'' operated out of Key West in the Atlantic and Caribbean, winding up the year with an overhaul in the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. ''Picuda'' made another visit to Guantanamo Bay in 1965. She began 1966 with a three-month Mediterranean tour with the Sixth Fleet, participating in fleet ASW exercises and NATO exercises with French and Italian naval forces. She wound up the year with another visit to Guantanamo Bay.

During the 1967 North Atlantic NATO operation "Quick Pursuit," ''Picuda'' lost two men at sea (Lieutenant (junior grade) Jerry R. Alexander and Chief Torpedomans Mate Robert E. Small). She visited Bergen, Norway and Portsmouth, England before returning to Key West.

At the time of her decommissioning, ''Picuda'' held the record for being the longest serving submarine in the history of the US Navy. She had served 28 years, 11 months and 15 days. The previous record holder was USS ''O-4'' (SS-65).

Spanish Navy service

Transferred to Spain on 1 October 1972, former ''Picuda'' was renamed . The submarine was stricken from the U.S. Navys Naval Vessel Register on 1 November 1974 and was purchased outright by Spain on 18 November 1974. In 1975, she was laid up with mechanical defects and finally deleted from the ''Armada Española'' on 30 April 1977, her name being shifted to former ex-''Jallao'' (SS-368), which the Spanish had acquired.

See also

* List of submarines of the Spanish Navy

References

*

External links

Photo gallery
at navsource.org

{{DEFAULTSORT:Picuda (Ss-382)
Balao-class submarines
Ships built in Kittery, Maine
1943 ships
World War II submarines of the United States
Cold War submarines of the United States
Balao-class submarines of the Spanish Navy