U-223

German submarine ''U-223'' was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's ''Kriegsmarine'' during World War II.

Ordered on 15 August 1940 from the Germaniawerft shipyard in Kiel, she was laid down on 15 July 1941 as yard number 653, launched on 16 April 1942 and commissioned on 6 June under the command of ''Kapitänleutnant'' Karl-Jürg Wächter.

A member of eight wolfpacks, she sank two ships totalling in six patrols. She also sank one warship of 1,935 tons and caused one ship of and one warship of 1,300 tons to be declared total losses.

She was sunk on 30 March 1944 by British warships in the Mediterranean Sea. 23 men died; there were 27 survivors.

Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. ''U-223'' had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for at ; when surfaced, she could travel at . ''U-223'' was fitted with five torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and a C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.

Service history

First patrol

For her first patrol, ''U-223'' departed Kiel on 12 January 1943. Keeping to the Norwegian side of the North Sea, she entered the Atlantic Ocean having negotiated the gap between Iceland and the Faroe Islands. She moved to the south of Greenland. There, she sank the troop transport SS Dorchester west of Cape Farewell on 3 February. The troop ship was sailing with a total of 904 people on board. 675 of them died. Four of the dead were chaplains of different faiths who had given up their lifebelts to soldiers among the incumbents. The clergymen were posthumously awarded the Distinguished Service Cross and the Purple Heart; the US Congress declared 3 February 'Chaplains Observance Day' in 1961.

She also sank ''Winkler'' on 23 February; the ship went down in 45 seconds. The U-boat then prevented any retaliation from the convoy escort ships by diving underneath survivors in the water.

''U-223'' was attacked by a British Flying Fortress of No. 59 Squadron RAF on 1 March. The aircraft dropped seven depth charges which overshot. Damage to the U-boat was slight, but the Fortress was hit and only just managed to return to its base.

The submarine docked at St. Nazaire in occupied France on 6 March.

Second patrol

''U-223'' was depth charged to the surface and shelled by the destroyer in mid-Atlantic on 11 May 1943. Two men were lost overboard; one of them was rescued by . Meanwhile, ''U-223'' had escaped the wrath of the British ship and returned to St. Nazaire. Due to the repairs needed, she did not put to sea again until September.

Third patrol

Having left St. Nazaire on 14 September, the boat had passed the heavily fortified British base at Gibraltar by the 26th. Before docking at Toulon on 16 October, she attacked ''Stanmore'' on the second near Cape Ivi, Algeria. The badly damaged ship was taken under tow by two tugs. She was beached at Cape Tenes where she broke in two and was declared a total loss.

Fourth and fifth patrols

Also a total loss was the British frigate '' HMS Cuckmere (K299)''. She had been escorting a convoy off Bougie''The Times Atlas of the World'', pp.15 and 48 when she was hit. She was towed to Algiers and returned to the US Navy in 1946.

''U-223''s fifth sortie was relatively uneventful, passing south of Sardinia and headed for the Italian mainland.

Sixth patrol and loss

The U-boat had left Toulon on 16 March 1944. She was detected by the ASDIC (sonar) of on the 29th north of Palermo. ''Ulster'' was not alone; she was accompanied by two other destroyers - and . By early morning of the 30th, the U-boat, after heavy depth charging, was forced to the surface, where she was engaged by gunfire. ''Ulster'' had been replaced by two escort destroyers, and . Before being sunk, ''U-223'' managed to sink HMS ''Laforey''.

23 men died; there were 27 survivors.

Wolfpacks

''U-223'' took part in eight wolfpacks, namely:
* Haudegen (26 January – 2 February 1943)
* Nordsturm (2 – 9 February 1943)
* Haudegen (9 – 15 February 1943)
* Taifun (15 – 20 February 1943)
* Amsel (22 April – 3 May 1943)
* Amsel 2 (3 – 6 May 1943)
* Elbe (7 – 10 May 1943)
* Elbe 2 (10 – 12 May 1943)

Summary of raiding history

References

Notes

Citations

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External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:U0223
German Type VIIC submarines
World War II submarines of Germany
U-boats commissioned in 1942
U-boats sunk in 1944
U-boats sunk by British warships
U-boats sunk by depth charges
1942 ships
World War II shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea
Ships built in Kiel
Maritime incidents in March 1944