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The Type 051 destroyer (NATO/ OSD Luda-class destroyer) was a
class Class or The Class may refer to: Common uses not otherwise categorized * Class (biology), a taxonomic rank * Class (knowledge representation), a collection of individuals or objects * Class (philosophy), an analytical concept used differently ...
of
guided missile destroyer A guided-missile destroyer (DDG) is a destroyer whose primary armament is guided missiles so they can provide anti-aircraft warfare screening for the fleet. The NATO standard designation for these vessels is DDG, while destroyers who have a prim ...
s based on the hull of the Soviet deployed by
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...
. It was the first guided missile destroyer fielded by the
People's Liberation Army Navy The People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN; ), also known as the People's Navy, Chinese Navy, or PLA Navy, is the maritime service branch of the People's Liberation Army. The PLAN traces its lineage to naval units fighting during the Chines ...
(PLAN), and the first designed and built in China. 17 were built from 1970 to 1990; it was not until the 21st century that China would again build a class in such large numbers.Cole: page 24 NATO/OSD broadly grouped variants from refits and newer construction under the Luda I, Luda II,Jane's Warship Recognition Guide: page 74 Luda III,Jane's Warship Recognition Guide: page 76 and Luda IV classes.


History

The PLAN began designing a warship armed with guided missiles in 1960 based on the , with features from the , but the
Sino-Soviet split The Sino-Soviet split was the breaking of political relations between the China, People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union caused by Doctrine, doctrinal divergences that arose from their different interpretations and practical applications ...
stopped work. Work resumed in 1965Forecast International: page 4 with nine ships being ordered.Jane's Fighting Ships 2004-2005: p. 127 Construction started in 1968, with trials beginning in 1971. The ships nominally entered service in the early 1970s, but few were fully operational before 1985; workmanship was poor due to the
Cultural Revolution The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC) launched by Mao Zedong in 1966, and lasting until his death in 1976. Its stated goa ...
. Construction of the second batch began in 1977,Jane's Fighting Ships 2009-2010: p. 139 with the last commissioning in 1991.Jane's Fighting Ships 2009-2010: p. 140 The second batch may have been ordered due to the Cultural Revolution disrupting development of a successor class. These ships may be designated Type 051D. The PLAN initiated an abortive modernization program for the first batch in 1982. The ships would be reconstructed with British weapons and sensors acquired from
British Aerospace British Aerospace plc (BAe) was a British aircraft, munitions and defence-systems manufacturer. Its head office was at Warwick House in the Farnborough Aerospace Centre in Farnborough, Hampshire. Formed in 1977, in 1999 it purchased Marconi ...
. The
Falklands War The Falklands War ( es, link=no, Guerra de las Malvinas) was a ten-week undeclared war between Argentina and the United Kingdom in 1982 over two British dependent territories in the South Atlantic: the Falkland Islands and its territorial ...
made the prospective upgrades less impressive and cost effective, and the project was cancelled in 1984. A 1986 upgrade project using American power plants, weapons, sensors, and computers was cancelled because of the
1989 Tiananmen Square protests The Tiananmen Square protests, known in Chinese as the June Fourth Incident (), were student-led demonstrations held in Tiananmen Square, Beijing during 1989. In what is known as the Tiananmen Square Massacre, or in Chinese the June Fourth ...
. ''Jinan'', the first of class, became a trials ship in 1987; a helicopter hangar and flight deck replaced the rear armament. This configuration was referred to as Luda II. The last two ships, ''Zhanjiang'' and ''Zhuhai'', were upgraded with foreign - mainly French - systems, possibly being designated as Type 051G, and referred to as Luda III.Jane's Fighting Ships 2004-2005: page 128 They became test beds and many of the systems were later employed on the Type 052 and Type 051B destroyers. Both ships were decommissioned on 3 September 2020, being the last of their class to retire from service. Twelve ships of the class - ''Jinan'', ''Yinchuan'', ''Nanjing'', ''Nanchang'', ''Chongqing'', ''Xining'', ''Zhanijiang'', ''Zhuhai'', ''Hefei'', ''Zunyi'', ''Dalian'', & ''Xi'an'' - have been preserved as museum ships.


Variants


Type 051

The Type 051 was the initial design using Soviet or Soviet-derived systems. The anti-ship missiles were
P-15 Termit The P-15 ''Termit'' (russian: П-15 "Термит"; en, termite) is an anti-ship missile developed by the Soviet Union's Raduga design bureau in the 1950s. Its GRAU designation was 4K40, its NATO reporting name was ''Styx'' or SS-N-2. China ...
derivatives ( HY-1,Bussert and Elleman: The Luda's Gun and Missile Systems and possibly later
HY-2 The SY (), and HY () series were early anti-ship cruise missiles (ASCM) developed by the People's Republic of China from the Soviet P-15 Termit missile. They entered service in the late 1960s and remained the main ASCMs deployed by the People's L ...
) in two triple-launchers. Guns were two twin gun mounts (SM-2-1 derivatives), and four twin anti-aircraft guns. Anti-submarine equipment were Soviet hull-mounted Pegas 2 and Tamir-2
sonar Sonar (sound navigation and ranging or sonic navigation and ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, measure distances (ranging), communicate with or detect objects on o ...
s,
depth charge A depth charge is an anti-submarine warfare (ASW) weapon. It is intended to destroy a submarine by being dropped into the water nearby and detonating, subjecting the target to a powerful and destructive hydraulic shock. Most depth charges use h ...
s, and FQF-2500 rocket launchers (Soviet RBU-1200 derivatives).Bussert and Elleman: The Luda's Antisubmarine Warfare Capability The Type 051 was part of the Luda I class.


Type 051D

The Type 051D was from the second batch. It had changes to electronics and was equipped for
underway replenishment Replenishment at sea (RAS) ( North Atlantic Treaty Organization/Commonwealth of Nations) or underway replenishment (UNREP) ( U.S. Navy) is a method of transferring fuel, munitions, and stores from one ship to another while under way. First devel ...
. The Type 051D was part of the Luda I class.


Type 051DT

The Type 051DT was a modernized Type 051D. ''Kaifeng'' and ''Dalian'' were modernized to somewhat different designs. ''Kaifeng'' initially received the
Thomson-CSF Thomson-CSF was a French company that specialized in the development and manufacture of electronics with a heavy focus upon the aerospace and defence sectors of the market. Thomson-CSF was formed in 1968 following the merger of Thomson-Houst ...
Tavitac combat data system, the Type 393 surface search radar, and
HQ-7 The HQ-7 is a short-range surface-to-air missile A surface-to-air missile (SAM), also known as a ground-to-air missile (GTAM) or surface-to-air guided weapon (SAGW), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or ot ...
( Crotale derivative)
surface-to-air missile A surface-to-air missile (SAM), also known as a ground-to-air missile (GTAM) or surface-to-air guided weapon (SAGW), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of anti-aircraft syst ...
s (SAM); the missiles replaced "X" turret. In 1999, YJ-8 missiles replaced the HY-series, and electronic warfare systems were upgraded. ''Dalian'' received a similar modernization as ''Kaifeng''. A notable difference was ''Dalian'' used the ZKJ-1 combat data system, which was also used on the Type 051Z. They were later equipped with YJ-83 anti-ship missiles. The Type 051DT was part of the Luda III class, and later the Luda IV class.


Type 051Z

The Type 051Z was a command variant with the ZKJ-1 combat data system. Anti-aircraft warfare capabilities were improved by replacing the 37 mm guns with Soviet guns, and fitting modern Type 381A 3-D radar. One Type 051D, ''Hefei'', was converted to a Type 051Z. The Type 051Z was part of the Luda I class.


Luda II

The Luda II was a helicopter destroyer. The gun turrets abaft the aft missile launcher was replaced by a
hangar A hangar is a building or structure designed to hold aircraft or spacecraft. Hangars are built of metal, wood, or concrete. The word ''hangar'' comes from Middle French ''hanghart'' ("enclosure near a house"), of Germanic origin, from Frankish ...
and
flight deck The flight deck of an aircraft carrier is the surface from which its aircraft take off and land, essentially a miniature airfield at sea. On smaller naval ships which do not have aviation as a primary mission, the landing area for helicopte ...
for two Harbin Z-9C helicopters. One Type 051, ''Jinan'', was converted into a Luda II in 1987 for trials.


Type 051G

The Type 051G was an improved variant that the last two ships, ''Zhanjiang'' and ''Zhuhai'', were completed to. They were equipped with Type 354 3-D air and surface search radar. Four twin YJ-8 launchers replaced the HY-1/HY-2 launchers. The Soviet sonar was replaced by French DUBV-23 search sonar and DUBV-43 variable depth sonar (VDS). ''Zhuhai'' was modified in 1999. The Soviet 130 mm guns were replaced by Type 79A guns, derived from French
Creusot-Loire Creusot-Loire was a French engineering conglomerate, formed from factories in Le Creusot and Châteauneuf, Loire. The Creusot-Loire subsidiary of ArcelorMittal also includes an Innovation, Research and Development centre for the group. History T ...
Compact, with automated reloaders. An HQ-7 SAM launcher replaced the "X" turret, as on the Type 051DT. ''Zhuhai'' was similarly modified. ''Zhanjiang'' and ''Zhuhai'' were equipped with the ZKG-4A and ZKG-4B combat data systems respectively. The Type 051G was also the first Chinese ship to deploy the YU-7 lightweight torpedo, and the Italian anti-aircraft gun. The Type 051G was part of the Luda III class, and later the Luda IV class.


Ships of class

The number is the order of completion.


References


Bibliography

* * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Type 051 Destroyer Destroyer classes