Tupiniquim (also Tupinã-ki, Topinaquis, Tupinaquis, Tupinanquins, Tupiniquins) are an
indigenous people of Brazil, who now live in three
indigenous territories (''Terras Indígenas'' in Portuguese). The indigenous territories (Caieiras Velhas, Pau-Brasil and Comboios) are located near the cities of Santa Cruz and Vila do Riacho in the municipality of
Aracruz in northern
Espírito Santo state, southeastern
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
. Caieiras Velhas Indigenous Territory is located along the banks of the Piraquê-Açu River. The Pau-Brasil Indigenous Territory is near the Sahy creek. The
Comboios Indigenous Territory is located on the banks of the Comboios River. A 2010 census determined the population of Tupiniquim in all three indigenous territories as 2,630.
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Territory
Historically, the Tupiniquim inhabited a large tract of land along Brazil's coastline from approximately 200 km south of Salvador
Salvador, meaning " salvation" (or "saviour") in Catalan, Spanish, and Portuguese may refer to:
* Salvador (name)
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*Salvador (band), a Christian band that plays both English and Spanish music
** ''Salvador'' ( ...
down to the São Mateus river. This area is north of the present day Indigenous Territories and extended for about 600 km. The Tupiniquim have inhabited these Indigenous Territories since the founding of Santa Cruz and Nova Almeida (then Reis Magos). During the first two centuries after the arrival of Europeans, indigenous populations were the predominant majority in both Santa Cruz and Nova Almeida. Their tribe was one of the first to meet Portuguese in April 1500 at Porto Seguro.
Etymology and usage of word
The expression ''Tupin-i-ki'' means ''the Tupi next door, side neighbor''.["Tupiniquim: Name and language."]
''Povos Indígenas no Brasil.'' Retrieved 28 Jan 2012. ''Tupinã-ki'' means a parallel situated tribe or branch of the Tupi.
In Brazil, the term "Tupiniquim" has come to colloquially mean "Brazilian" or "national". The term is used as both a noun and an adjective: ''cinema tupiniquim'' (Brazilian cinema), ''cantor tupiniquim'' (Brazilian singer), and ''filosofia tupiniquim'' [Gomes, R. Crítica da razão tupiniquim, 2001.] (Brazilian philosophy).
Notes
Indigenous peoples of Eastern Brazil
Indigenous peoples in Brazil
Ethnic groups in Brazil
{{Brazil-ethno-group-stub