William Hogarth self-portrait 1745 Tate Britain Detail Pug

Trump (c. 1730 – c. 1745) was a pug owned by English painter

William Hogarth William Hogarth (; 10 November 1697 – 26 October 1764) was an English painter, engraver, pictorial satirist, social critic, editorial cartoonist and occasional writer on art. His work ranges from realistic portraiture to comic strip-like ...

. The artist included the dog in several works, including his 1745 self-portrait '' Painter and his Pug'', held by the

Tate Gallery Tate is an institution that houses, in a network of four art galleries, the United Kingdom's national collection of British art, and international modern and contemporary art. It is not a government institution, but its main sponsor is the U ...

. In the words of the Tate's display caption, "Hogarth's pug dog, Trump, serves as an emblem of the artist's own pugnacious character."''The Painter and his Pug''
Tate Gallery

History

Hogarth owned several different pugs through his life. For example, in December 1730, he placed an advertisement offering a half guinea reward for the return of a dog named "Pugg". Pugs appear in several of Hogarth's paintings. An early example is his 1730 group portrait of ''The Wollaston Family'', on loan to the

New Walk Museum The Leicester Museum & Art Gallery (until 2020, New Walk Museum and Art Gallery) is a museum on New Walk in Leicester, England, not far from the city centre. It opened in 1849 as one of the first public museums in the United Kingdom. Leicest ...

in Leicester since 1943.''The Wollaston Family''
ArtUK In the fifth scene of Hogarth's 1732–1734 series ''

A Rake's Progress ''A Rake's Progress'' (or ''The Rake's Progress'') is a series of eight paintings by 18th-century English artist William Hogarth. The canvases were produced in 1732–1734, then engraved in 1734 and published in print form in 1735. The series ...

'', a scene known as ''Married To An Old Maid'' which is held by

Sir John Soane's Museum Sir John Soane's Museum is a house museum, located next to Lincoln's Inn Fields in Holborn, London, which was formerly the home of neo-classical architect, John Soane. It holds many drawings and architectural models of Soane's projects, and ...

, a pug appears to be marrying a one-eyed dog, mirroring the wedding scene depicted behind in which the spendthrift Tom Rakewell is marrying a rich

old maid An old maid is a spinster. Old maid or Old Maid may also refer to: Games *Old maid (card game), a simple game popular around the world, existing in many variants *, a German card game (variant of ) whose name translates as 'old maid' Film * ' ...

. Trump is believed to be the puppy in the Hogarth's 1730 group portrait ''The Fountaine Family'', held by the

Philadelphia Museum of Art The Philadelphia Museum of Art (PMoA) is an art museum originally chartered in 1876 for the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. The main museum building was completed in 1928 on Fairmount, a hill located at the northwest end of the Benjamin ...

, whose sitters include

Andrew Fountaine Andrew Fountaine (7 December 1918 – 14 September 1997) was an activist involved in the British far right. After military service in a number of conflicts Fountaine joined the Conservative Party and was selected as a parliamentary candidate u ...

.''The Fountaine Family''
Philadelphia Museum of Art The adult pug in the 1738 ''The Strode Family'', held by the Tate Gallery, may also be Trump, although some sources indicate that this pug belongs to one of the subjects, Colonel Strode.''The Strode Family''
Tate Gallery

Louis-François Roubiliac Louis-François Roubiliac (or Roubilliac, or Roubillac) (31 August 1702 – 11 January 1762) was a French sculptor who worked in England. One of the four most prominent sculptors in London working in the rococo style, he was described by Margar ...

sculpted Trump in

terracotta Terracotta, terra cotta, or terra-cotta (; ; ), in its material sense as an earthenware substrate, is a clay-based unglazed or glazed ceramic where the fired body is porous. In applied art, craft, construction, and architecture, terra ...

, c. 1741, to accompany a terracotta bust of Hogarth. The reclining terracotta figure of Trump was reproduced in

Chelsea porcelain Chelsea porcelain is the porcelain made by the Chelsea porcelain manufactory, the first important porcelain manufactory in England, established around 1743–45, and operating independently until 1770, when it was merged with Derby porcelain. ...

in the late 1740s. Plaster casts were sold with Hogarth's possessions after his death in 1762. The Staffordshire potter

Josiah Wedgwood Josiah Wedgwood (12 July 1730 – 3 January 1795) was an English potter, entrepreneur and abolitionist. Founding the Wedgwood company in 1759, he developed improved pottery bodies by systematic experimentation, and was the leader in the indus ...

made a version in his Black Basalt ware, using a cast bought in 1774 from the London plaster shop of Richard Parker. The original terracotta sculpture was inherited by Hogarth's widow and retained until her death in 1790.Porcelain figure of Hogarth's Dog, Trump
Victoria and Albert Museum It was recorded in 1799 an engraving by

Samuel Ireland Samuel Ireland (21 May 1744 – July 1800), English author and engraver, is best remembered today as the chief victim of the Ireland Shakespeare forgeries created by his son, William Henry Ireland. Early life He began life as a weaver in Spita ...

, but the original is now lost.How Much Is That Doggy in the Window?
''Los Angeles Times'', 15 June 1986 Trump was approaching old age when he was included in Hogarth's 1745 painting '' The Painter and his Pug'', sitting next to a self-portrait of the artist, along with an easel bearing Hogarth's symbolic line of beauty and works by Shakespeare, Swift, and Milton. (Hogarth had begun the work around 1735, but it originally appeared somewhat different, with Hogarth more formally dressed and wearing a wig, and without Trump.") According to Hogarth's biographer

Ronald Paulson Ronald Howard Paulson (born May 27, 1930 in Bottineau, North Dakota) is an American professor of English, a specialist in English 18th-century art and culture, and the world's leading expert on English artist William Hogarth. Education Paul ...

the painting contains many

visual pun A visual pun is a pun involving an image or images (in addition to or instead of language), often based on a rebus. Visual puns in which the image is at odds with the inscription are common in cartoons such as ''Lost Consonants'' or ''The Far ...

s, with the dog alluding to Hogarth's own pugnaciousness; the allegorical

fidelity Fidelity is the quality of faithfulness or loyalty. Its original meaning regarded duty in a broader sense than the related concept of ''fealty''. Both derive from the Latin word ''fidēlis'', meaning "faithful or loyal". In the City of London fin ...

of the dog to its master paralleling Hogarth's artistic fidelity of presentation; and Hogarth's portrait being (literally) supported by the English literary canon. Hogarth included Trump in the 1746 portrait of ''

Captain Lord George Graham in his Cabin ''Captain Lord George Graham in his Cabin'' is a 1745 oil painting, oil-on-canvas painting by the English artist William Hogarth. A conversational picture, it shows Captain Lord George Graham, of the Royal Navy, in the cabin of his ship with sev ...

'', at the

National Maritime Museum The National Maritime Museum (NMM) is a maritime museum in Greenwich, London. It is part of Royal Museums Greenwich, a network of museums in the Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site. Like other publicly funded national museums in the Unite ...

, along with Lord George Graham's own dog, which is sitting at the captain's feet and apparently joining in the singing. Trump sits on his haunches on a chair to the right of the painting, wearing Graham's wig, apparently reading from a sheet of music resting against a wine glass. Hogarth was disparagingly nicknamed the "Painter Pugg", but Hogarth continued to use the dog as his trademark in a satirical 1763 engraving ''The Bruiser'', based on his 1745 self-portrait with Trump. ''The Bruiser'' (a copy of which is held by the United States'

National Gallery of Art The National Gallery of Art, and its attached Sculpture Garden, is a national art museum in Washington, D.C., United States, located on the National Mall, between 3rd and 9th Streets, at Constitution Avenue NW. Open to the public and free of ch ...

) replaces Hogarth's portrait with the satirist Charles Churchill, lampooned as a drunken bear, while the dog urinates on a copy of the ''Epistle'' published by Churchill in support of

John Wilkes John Wilkes (17 October 1725 – 26 December 1797) was an English radical journalist and politician, as well as a magistrate, essayist and soldier. He was first elected a Member of Parliament in 1757. In the Middlesex election dispute, he ...

, which criticised Hogarth. Hogarth's strong identification with his dog led

Paul Sandby Paul Sandby (1731 – 7 November 1809) was an English map-maker turned landscape painter in watercolours, who, along with his older brother Thomas, became one of the founding members of the Royal Academy in 1768. Life and work Sandby was ...

to caricature Hogarth as a pug in his 1753 engraving ''Puggs Graces''. In 2001, a statue of Hogarth with Trump, made by Jim Mathieson, was unveiled by

Ian Hislop Ian David Hislop (born 13 July 1960) is a British journalist, satirist, writer, broadcaster, and editor of the magazine ''Private Eye''. He has appeared on numerous radio and television programmes and has been a team captain on the BBC quiz sho ...

and

David Hockney David Hockney (born 9 July 1937) is an English painter, draftsman, printmaker, stage designer, and photographer. As an important contributor to the pop art movement of the 1960s, he is considered one of the most influential British artists o ...

on the

Chiswick High Road Chiswick High Road is the principal shopping and dining street of Chiswick, a district in the west of London. It was part of the main Roman road running west out of London, and remained the main road until the 1950s when the A4 was built acros ...

, close to

Hogarth's House Hogarth's House is the former country home of the 18th-century English artist William Hogarth in Chiswick, adjacent to the A4. The House now belongs to the London Borough of Hounslow and is open to visitors as a historic house museum free of c ...

, the artist's residence from 1749 until his death in 1764.Obituary of Jim Mathieson
''

The Guardian ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers '' The Observer'' and '' The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the ...

'', 24 April 2003 The Painter and His Pug by William Hogarth.jpg, '' Painter and his Pug'', William Hogarth, 1745,

Tate Britain Tate Britain, known from 1897 to 1932 as the National Gallery of British Art and from 1932 to 2000 as the Tate Gallery, is an art museum on Millbank in the City of Westminster in London, England. It is part of the Tate network of galleries in ...

William Hogarth 023.jpg, Fifth painting of ''

'': ''Married To An Old Maid'', 1732–1734 William Hogarth - Portrait of Sir Andrew Fountaine with other people.jpg, ''The Fountaine Family'', 1730/1735,

William Hogarth - The Strode Family - WGA11468.jpg, ''The Strode Family'', 1738,

Captain Lord George Graham, 1715-47, in his Cabin.jpg, ''

'', 1746,

Captain Lord George Graham, 1715-47, in his Cabin - servant.jpg, The black servant on the right of ''Lord George Graham'' painting plays a

pipe and tabor Pipe and tabor is a pair of instruments played by a single player, consisting of a three-hole pipe played with one hand, and a small drum played with the other. The tabor (drum) hangs on the performer's left arm or around the neck, leaving the ...

. Below, Hogarth's pug dog Trump balances on a chair while wearing Graham's wig The Bruiser - William Hogarth - Google Cultural Institute.jpg, ''The Bruiser'', 1763,

Puggs Graces etched from his original Daubing LCCN2002714832.jpg,

, ''Puggs Graces'', 1753 William Hogarth statue.jpg, ''William Hogarth with Trump'', 2001, statue by Jim Mathieson in Chiswick

References

{{Authority control Individual dogs Dogs in the United Kingdom William Hogarth Dogs in art Individual animals in England 1730 animal births 1740s animal deaths