Triangle Publications

Triangle Publications Inc. was an American media group based first in Philadelphia, and later in Radnor, Pennsylvania. It was a privately held corporation, with the majority of its stock owned by Walter Annenberg and his sisters. Its holdings consisted of newspapers, magazines, and radio stations. After nearly two decades of divestiture, it was folded into News Corporation in 1988.

History

Triangle was formed by Walter Annenberg in 1947 from the assets and properties of the Cecelia Corporation, a company founded by his father, Moses Annenberg, and named for his mother, Sarah "Sadie" Cecelia Annenberg. Cecelia Corporation's assets at the time included the ''Daily Racing Form'', the ''Morning Telegraph'' in New York, and ''The Philadelphia Inquirer''. It came to own numerous other publications, including ''Armstrong Daily''; the ''Philadelphia Daily News''; ''Seventeen'' magazine; ''TV Guide'' magazine; ''Good Food'' magazine; and ''Official Detective'' magazine; as well as television and radio stations including WFIL-AM- FM- TV in Philadelphia; WLYH-TV in Lancaster and Lebanon, Pennsylvania; WFBG-AM- FM- TV in Altoona and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; WNHC AM- FM- TV in New Haven, Connecticut; WNBF-AM- FM- TV in Binghamton, New York; and KFRE AM- FM- TV in Fresno, California. Triangle owned cable TV operations in various regions including Suburban Cable TV Co. in suburban Philadelphia, Empire State Cable TV Co. in New York, and New Haven Cable TV Co. in Connecticut. It also owned ITA Electronics, a broadcasting equipment manufacturer based in Lansdowne, Pennsylvania; McMurray Printers, a small job press printer in Miami; McMurray Publishing Co., Ltd, which published the Canadian editions of ''TV Guide''; Triangle Circulation, which handled the nationwide distribution of Triangle's magazines, as well as those of other publishers; and Educasting, a developer of educational programming.

Print publications

Triangle's original flagship ventures were ''The Daily Racing Form'', ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'' and WFIL. The ''Inquirer'' became Philadelphia's only major morning daily paper in 1947, after the ''Philadelphia Record'' filed for bankruptcy. In 1957, Walter Annenberg acquired the ''Philadelphia Daily News'' and merged its facilities with the ''Inquirers.

Triangle was probably best known for its primary magazine publication, ''TV Guide''. Against the advice of his close advisors, Annenberg purchased various local TV listing magazines (TV List, TV Digest, TeleVision Guide, TV Guide) and merged them into one national weekly publication under the name ''TV Guide''. The magazine provided local listings with feature stories and soon became the largest national weekly publication, reaching up to 23 million households at its peak in the 1970s. The 15-cents-per-copy digest-sized publication could be found at every supermarket checkout and generally sold out within a few days. The immediate success of ''TV Guide'' required Triangle to, in the later 1950s, move TV Guide's operations out of a small office on South Broad Street in Philadelphia to a new, sprawling facility at 250 King of Prussia Road in suburban Radnor, Pennsylvania. This new facility housed all aspects of the publication, including managerial, marketing, production, photography, editorial and subscription services. The wrap-around color portion of the magazine was printed at Triangle's state-of-the-art rotogravure plant at 440 North Broad Street in Philadelphia, adjacent to the ''Philadelphia Inquirer'' Building. Triangle Publications also maintained ''TV Guide'' sales offices in major metropolitan areas throughout the nation.

Another Triangle success was ''Seventeen'' magazine, a publication started by Annenberg in 1944, featuring fashion tips and advice for teenage girls. ''Seventeen'' was published monthly and, like ''TV Guide'', maintained a strong subscription base.

America's horse racing enthusiasts relied heavily on the information and statistics provided in another of Triangle's publications, the ''Daily Racing Form''. Established in 1894 by Frank Brunell, the ''Form'' started as a tabloid with regional distribution and was purchased by Moses Annenberg in 1922. Triangle merged the regional editions into a single broadsheet in the early 1970s when it moved operations into a new facility in Hightstown, New Jersey. The ''Daily Racing Form'' was one of Triangle's most profitable publications. A sister newspaper, ''The Morning Telegraph'', was closed by Triangle during a strike.

In the early 1970s, Triangle launched ''Good Food'', a digest-sized publication featuring recipes and feature stories, targeting average households. The magazine was designed and marketed along the same lines as ''TV Guide''. Publication of the magazine was suspended after approximately six months due to minimal interest by consumers.

Broadcasting

Triangle entered the broadcasting industry with the 1947 purchase of WFIL in Philadelphia from the department stores Lit Brothers and Strawbridge and Clothier. WFIL had evolved from Lit Brothers' WLIT (original call letters were WDAR) and Strawbridge's WFI radio stations, which had in the early days of commercial radio shared time on the same frequency. Walter Annenberg became interested in WFIL as it was one of the few radio stations that had FCC approval to also run a television station. Annenberg was granted the license to start WFIL-TV (now WPVI). Triangle also pioneered the concept of facsimile transmission (fax) over an FM band, transmitting its ''Philadelphia Inquirer'' as WFIL-FX. This innovative concept was short-lived as receiving equipment was both expensive and sparsely available for the average homeowner. Triangle's WFIL-TV was the first affiliate of the new American Broadcasting Company (ABC) network. While owned by Triangle, WFIL's AM, FM, and television stations were first broadcast from the Widener Building in Center City, Philadelphia. In 1948, Triangle built the first broadcast center specifically designed for television, at 4645 Market Street in Philadelphia, which later became the home of ''American Bandstand'' with Dick Clark. Triangle had hired Clark in 1952 to be an announcer, and, later, a DJ, on WFIL-AM. Clark became host of WFIL-TV's ''Bandstand'' program when the original host, Bob Horn, was arrested for alleged impaired driving in the midst of an anti-drunk-driving campaign by the Triangle-owned ''Philadelphia Inquirer''.

Triangle expanded its broadcast interest during the 1950s and 1960s to include WNHC AM-FM-TV, Binghamton, New York's WNBF AM-FM-TV, Lebanon, Pennsylvania's WLYH-TV, Altoona, Pennsylvania's WFBG AM-FM-TV, and Fresno's KFRE AM-FM-TV. Triangle's broadcasting operations also reflected Walter Annenberg's interest and commitment to education, with the establishment of various over-the-airwaves educational programs and the "Educasting" operation. It also operated a syndication program unit, Triangle Program Sales. In January 1964, Triangle moved its WFIL stations and broadcasting division operations into a new state-of-the-art facility at 4100 City Avenue in the suburban Philadelphia Main Line region.

WFIL-TV is credited with pioneering the "Action News" format.

Liquidation of assets

In 1969, Triangle Publications sold ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'' and the ''Philadelphia Daily News'' to Knight Newspapers (later Knight-Ridder Newspapers) to comply with federal regulations restricting ownership of multiple media outlets within the same market. Pennsylvania Governor Milton Shapp had complained that Triangle had used its three Pennsylvania television stations in a smear campaign against him.

Triangle began divesting itself of its broadcasting operations with the sale of the WFIL, WNHC and KFRE stations in 1971 to Capital Cities Communications, followed by the remaining stations in 1972 to Gateway Communications, a new company formed by former Triangle employees. Gateway made its move in 1974 by acquiring non-Triangle station and an ABC affiliate WHTN-TV from Reeves Telecom, and rechristened as WOWK-TV in 1975. In 1988, Triangle Publications' remaining assets were sold to Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation for 2.83 billion dollars, in one of the largest financial transactions of the time.

Former Triangle assets

Newspapers

* ''Philadelphia Daily News''
* ''The Philadelphia Inquirer''

Periodicals

* ''Click''
* ''Daily Racing Form''
* ''Seventeen''
* ''TV Guide''
* ''Good Food Magazine''
* ''Stardom''

Television stations

Stations are arranged by state and city of license.

* (**) - ''indicates a station that was built and signed-on by Triangle.''

Radio stations

References

{{Reflist, 2

Defunct broadcasting companies of the United States
Defunct radio broadcasting companies of the United States