The Treaty of Zadar, also known as the Treaty of Zara, was a
peace treaty
A peace treaty is an agreement between two or more hostile parties, usually countries or governments, which formally ends a state of war between the parties. It is different from an armistice, which is an agreement to stop hostilities; a surre ...
signed in
Zadar
Zadar ( , ; historically known as Zara (from Venetian and Italian: ); see also other names), is the oldest continuously inhabited Croatian city. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar ser ...
,
Dalmatia
Dalmatia (; hr, Dalmacija ; it, Dalmazia; see names in other languages) is one of the four historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia, and Istria. Dalmatia is a narrow belt of the east shore of the Adriatic Sea, str ...
on February 18, 1358 by which the
Venetian Republic lost influence over its Dalmatian holdings. The Treaty of Zadar ended hostilities between
Louis I of Hungary and the
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia ...
, who were contesting control of a series of territories along the eastern
Adriatic coastline in present-day
Croatia
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, image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg
, anthem = " Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland")
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.
Background
In 1301, the
Árpád dynasty was dissolved and, following a brief interlude, was replaced by the
Angevin dynasty as the rulers of Hungary and
Croatia
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, image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg
, anthem = " Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland")
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. The first Angevin king was
Charles Robert, who ruled from 1312 to 1342. He was supported by the most powerful Croatian nobleman
Pavao Šubić Pavao may refer to:
* Pavao (given name), a Croatian name
* Pavão (disambiguation) Pavão may refer to:
Places
* Pavão, Minas Gerais, a municipality in Brazil
* Vila Pavão, Espírito Santo, a municipality in Brazil
*Figueira Pavão
Figueira Pa ...
,
Prince of Bribir and
Ban (viceroy) of
Croatia
, image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg
, image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg
, anthem = " Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, capi ...
, ruler of the coastal cities of Split, Trogir, and Šibenik. Pavao became the
Ban of Croatia, conferring on him many of the powers of a monarch including minting coinage, conferring charters on cities and levying annual taxes on them.
Pavao's actions led to a revolt among the Croatian nobility, who successfully reached out to King Charles to help them remove Pavao. In exchange for his aide, however, the Croatian nobility was forced to declare their direct allegiance to the Hungarian monarchy, setting the stage for Hungarian attempts to expel the Venetian Republic from the Dalmatian coastline. While the other cities in the Dalmatian region were suffering from tug of war between the Venetians and the Hungarians and Croatians,
Ragusa, which was held by Venice, was growing into an economic power house by exploiting its position between the west and the mineral-rich kingdoms of Serbia and Bosnia, as well as Ragusa's broader location between Europe and the Levant.
In the 1350s King Louis I was able to assemble a force of 50,000 men by joining his forces with reinforcements sent by the
Duke of Austria
This is a list of people who have ruled either the Margraviate of Austria, the Duchy of Austria or the Archduchy of Austria. From 976 until 1246, the margraviate and its successor, the duchy, was ruled by the House of Babenberg. At that time, ...
, the
Counts
Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York ...
of
Gorizia
Gorizia (; sl, Gorica , colloquially 'old Gorizia' to distinguish it from Nova Gorica; fur, label= Standard Friulian, Gurize, fur, label= Southeastern Friulian, Guriza; vec, label= Bisiacco, Gorisia; german: Görz ; obsolete English ''Gori ...
, the Lord of Padua,
Francesco I da Carrara, and the
Patriarchate of Aquileia, a state within the
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars.
From the accession of Otto I in 962 unt ...
. In 1356, the coalition besieged the Venetians at
Asolo,
Conegliano
Conegliano (; Venetian: ''Conejan'') is a town and '' comune'' of the Veneto region, Italy, in the province of Treviso, about north by rail from the town of Treviso. The population of the city is of people. The remains of a 10th-century castle ...
,
Ceneda and the stronghold of
Treviso. At the same time, along the Dalmatian coast, the army had attacked the cities of
Zadar
Zadar ( , ; historically known as Zara (from Venetian and Italian: ); see also other names), is the oldest continuously inhabited Croatian city. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar ser ...
(Zara),
Trogir (Traù),
Split (Spalato) and
Ragusa, as well as other smaller towns that surrendered fairly quickly.
Broken by a series of military reversals suffered in the territory under their control, the Venetians resigned themselves to the unfavorable conditions stipulated in the Treaty of Zadar (Zara), which was signed in the eponymous city on February 18, 1358.
Consequences
The treaty was signed in the
Closter of Monastery of St. Francis and based on the terms of the agreement, the
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik (), historically known as Ragusa (; see notes on naming), is a city on the Adriatic Sea in the region of Dalmatia, in the southeastern semi-exclave of Croatia. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterranea ...
region and Zadar came under the rule of the King of
Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Cr ...
Louis I
on Answers.com and Croatia. It marked the rise of the Republic of Ragusa
The Republic of Ragusa ( dlm, Republica de Ragusa; la, Respublica Ragusina; it, Repubblica di Ragusa; hr, Dubrovačka Republika; vec, Repùblega de Raguxa) was an aristocratic maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik (''Ragusa'' ...
as an independent and successful state. The same cannot be said for Zadar since it was later sold back to Venice by Ladislaus of Naples.
As a result of the peace treaty, Venice had to give all its possessions in Dalmatia to the King, from the Kvarner to the Bay of Kotor, but could keep the Istrian
Istria ( ; Croatian language, Croatian and Slovene language, Slovene: ; ist, Eîstria; Istro-Romanian language, Istro-Romanian, Italian language, Italian and Venetian language, Venetian: ; formerly in Latin and in Ancient Greek) is the larges ...
coast and the Treviso region. It was also forced to cancel, in the title of its doge, any reference to Dalmatia. However, the treaty preserved Venice's naval predominance in the Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to th ...
as the King Louis accepted not to build a fleet of his own.
Louis and his army triumphantly entered Zadar in 1358 by granting extensive privileges to the nobility of Zadar and erecting the city capital of Dalmatia.
See also
*List of treaties
This list of treaties contains known agreements, pacts, peaces, and major contracts between states, armies, governments, and tribal groups.
Before 1200 CE
1200–1299
1300–1399
1400–1499
1500–1599
1600–1699
1700–1799
...
References
External links
Zadarski list
Kako je i zašto Ladislav prodao Dalmaciju, June 7, 2008
{{DEFAULTSORT:Treaty Of Zadar
Zadar
Zadar ( , ; historically known as Zara (from Venetian and Italian: ); see also other names), is the oldest continuously inhabited Croatian city. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar ser ...
14th century in Croatia
Wars involving medieval Croatia
History of Zadar
Zadar
Zadar ( , ; historically known as Zara (from Venetian and Italian: ); see also other names), is the oldest continuously inhabited Croatian city. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar ser ...
Treaties of the Republic of Venice
Zadar
Zadar ( , ; historically known as Zara (from Venetian and Italian: ); see also other names), is the oldest continuously inhabited Croatian city. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar ser ...
Treaties of the Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1918)
History of Dalmatia
1358 in Europe
14th century in the Republic of Venice
14th-century military history of Croatia