The Treaty of Cambrai is also known as the Paz de las Damas or Paix des Dames (Ladies' Peace). On August 3, 1529, this agreement ended a war between the French king
Francis I and the Spanish
Habsburg emperor
Charles V Charles V may refer to:
* Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1500–1558)
* Charles V of Naples (1661–1700), better known as Charles II of Spain
* Charles V of France (1338–1380), called the Wise
* Charles V, Duke of Lorraine (1643–1690)
* Infa ...
. The treaty temporarily confirmed Spanish (Habsburg) hegemony in the
Duchy of Milan and in
Southern Italy.
The peace was negotiated and signed at
Cambrai by two ladies:
Margaret of Austria for the emperor, and
Louise of Savoy
Louise of Savoy (11 September 1476 – 22 September 1531) was a French noble and regent, Duchess ''suo jure'' of Auvergne and Bourbon, Duchess of Nemours, and the mother of King Francis I. She was politically active and served as the regent of F ...
for the king.
The treaty renewed the
Treaty of Madrid (1526) Treaty of Madrid may refer to:
* Treaty of Madrid (1339), collaboration between Aragon and Castile
* Treaty of Madrid (1526), in which France renounced claims in Italy, surrendered Burgundy to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and abandoned sovereignty ...
, except that it did not exact the surrender of Burgundy to Charles.
Background
The Peace of Cambrai ended France's involvement in the
War of the League of Cognac
The War of the League of Cognac (1526–30) was fought between the Habsburg dominions of Charles V—primarily the Holy Roman Empire and Spain—and the League of Cognac, an alliance including the Kingdom of France, Pope Clement VII, the Repub ...
, which had lasted since 1526. It was signed in the city of
Cambrai, the center of the principality-bishopric in the Netherlands (now the French department
Nord).
This treaty is also called "Ladies' Peace", since women played an important role in its preparation: the mother of Francis I Louise of Savoy and the aunt of the emperor Margaret of Austria. They represented both monarchs in negotiations, helping them not to lose face.
Marguerite of Navarre was also instrumental in this achievement.
Terms
Under the terms of the peace signed in Cambrai, Francis renounced his claims to Italian lands,
Artois
Artois ( ; ; nl, Artesië; English adjective: ''Artesian'') is a region of northern France. Its territory covers an area of about 4,000 km2 and it has a population of about one million. Its principal cities are Arras (Dutch: ''Atrecht'') ...
and
Flanders
Flanders (, ; Dutch: ''Vlaanderen'' ) is the Flemish-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium. However, there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to cultu ...
, but retained
Burgundy, which Charles V had abandoned. The treaty provided for the return of Dauphin François and Prince Henry, the future Henry II, to France in exchange for a ransom of 2 million écu. Francis I confirmed his consent to marry Charles V's sister
Eleanor
Eleanor () is a feminine given name, originally from an Old French adaptation of the Old Provençal name ''Aliénor''. It is the name of a number of women of royalty and nobility in western Europe during the High Middle Ages.
The name was introd ...
and married her on July 7, 1530.
Effects
The Treaty of Cambrai together with the Treaty of Barcelona (between the emperor and the Pope), which was concluded in June,
[''Michael Mallet, Christine Shaw.']
The Italian Wars 1494–1559: War, State and Society in Early Modern Europe
/ref> meant the disintegration of the Cognac League; only the Florentine Republic continued to fight against Charles V, leading to the siege and surrender of Florence in 1530. Nevertheless, the terms of peace did not satisfy Francis I. In 1536, a new conflict began between France and the Habsburg Empire.
References
Bibliography
* Arfaioli, Maurizio. ''The Black Bands of Giovanni: Infantry and Diplomacy During the Italian Wars (1526–1528).'' Pisa: Pisa University Press, Edizioni Plus, 2005. .
* Baumgartner, Frederic J. ''Louis XII.'' New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994. .
* Black, Jeremy. "Dynasty Forged by Fire." ''MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History'' 18, no. 3 (Spring 2006): 34–43. .
* Blockmans, Wim. ''Emperor Charles V, 1500–1558.'' Translated by Isola van den Hoven-Vardon. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. .
* Guicciardini, Francesco. ''The History of Italy.'' Translated by Sydney Alexander. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984. .
* Hackett, Francis. ''Francis the First.'' Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1937.
* Taylor, Frederick Lewis. ''The Art of War in Italy, 1494–1529.'' Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1973. .
External links
Treaty of Cambrai
in Britannica
{{Spain-hist-stub
Italian Wars
Peace treaties
1529 treaties