The Transitional National Government (TNG) was the internationally recognized central government of
Somalia
Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال, aṣ-Ṣūmāl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constitut ...
from 2000 to 2004.
Overview
The TNG was established in April–May 2000 at the Somalia National Peace Conference held in Arta,
Djibouti
Djibouti, ar, جيبوتي ', french: link=no, Djibouti, so, Jabuuti officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red ...
Mohamed Dhere Mohamed Omar Habeb ( so, Maxamed Cumar Xabeeb), commonly known as Mohamed Dheere or Mohamed Dhere (died November 15, 2012), was a Somali faction leader based out of the city of Jowhar. He hailed from the Abgaal subclan of Hawiye. He also had signif ...
.
In principle, the
Transitional National Charter
The Transitional National Government (TNG) was the internationally recognized central government of Somalia from 2000 to 2004.
Overview
The TNG was established in April–May 2000 at the Somalia National Peace Conference held in Arta, Djibouti. ...
, which gave rise to the TNG, recognized de facto regional autonomy and the existence of new entities in the north of the former Somalia, home to relatively homogenous clans. In some parts of Somalia, however, decentralization meant state authority disintegrated.
According to Le Sage, the TNG in 2002 had all of the organs of a national government, including executive and judicial structures as well as a parliament, a police force and standing army. However, its institutions remained very weak on account of a dearth of basic office equipment, lack of territorial control, and inability to raise tax revenue. Due to these limitations, the TNG was unable to provide basic social services. Ministers and legislators also often expressed frustration at being shut out of the real decision-making process, and of often receiving irregular and limited salaries. As such, Le Sage argues that the public officials served more as symbols of the potential for a broad-based, national government.
The TNG's internal problems led to the replacement of the prime minister four times in three years, and the administrative body's reported bankruptcy in December 2003. Its mandate ended at the same time.
On October 10, 2004, legislators elected
Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed ( so, Cabdulaahi Yuusuf Axmed, ar, عبدالله يوسف أحمد; 15 December 1934 – 23 March 2012) was a Somali politician and former colonel in the Somali National Army. He was one of the founders of the Somali ...
as the first president of the
transitional federal government
The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) ( so, Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka, ar, الحكومة الاتحادية الانتقالية) was internationally recognized as a provisional government of the Republic of Somalia from 14 October ...
(TFG), the TNG's successor.Somali PM optimistic about rebuilding country /ref> He received 189 votes from the TFG Parliament, while the closest contender, erstwhile Somali ambassador to Washington
Abdullahi Ahmed Addou
Abdullahi Ahmed Addow ( so, Cabdilaahi Axmed Caddoow, ar, عبد الله أحمد أدو) is a Somali politician and diplomat.
Early life
Addow was born on 15 May 1936 in Brava, situated in the southeastern Lower Shabelle region of Somalia. ...
, got 79 votes in the third round of voting. The then incumbent President of Somalia, TNG leader
Abdiqasim Salad Hassan
Abdiqasim Salad Hassan ( so, Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xasan; ar, عبد القاسم سلطة حسن; born on January 1, 1941) or Abdiqasim Salad is a Somali politician. He helped found the Transitional National Government which he served as Preside ...
, peacefully withdrew his candidature.Somalia MPs elect new president /ref> /ref>
History
2000
* Somalia National Peace Conference (SNPC) or Djibouti Conference, held in Arta, Djibouti, on April 20 - May 5, 2000. Program, hosted at Banadir.com The name Transitional National Government (TNG) was selected for the initiative at this time.
* Election of
Abdiqasim Salad Hassan
Abdiqasim Salad Hassan ( so, Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xasan; ar, عبد القاسم سلطة حسن; born on January 1, 1941) or Abdiqasim Salad is a Somali politician. He helped found the Transitional National Government which he served as Preside ...
as President by clan representatives
2001
* National Commission for Reconciliation and Property Settlement
2002
*
2002 Somali Reconciliation Conference
The 2002 Somali Reconciliation Conference, sometimes called the Eldoret conference were a series of meetings held in Eldoret, Kenya during November 2002. It was attended by most supporters of the Transitional National Government (TNG) of Somalia. ...
held in
Eldoret
Eldoret is a principal town in the Rift Valley region of Kenya and serves as the capital of Uasin Gishu County. The town was referred to by white settlers as Farm 64, 64 and colloquially by locals as 'Sisibo'. As per the 2019 Kenya Population ...
,
Kenya
)
, national_anthem = " Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"()
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, image_map2 =
, capital = Nairobi
, coordinates =
, largest_city = Nairobi
, ...
Ismail Qasim Naji
General Ismail Qasim Naji ( so, Ismaaciil Qaasim Naaji, ar, إسماعيل قاسم ناجي) was the chief of staff of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia and currently the Somali ambassador in Oman. He has served as a senior of ...
as the leader of the army in January 2002. The army in March 2002 numbered 2,010 men and 90 women.
*Mutinies in early 2002.Somalia: Countering Terrorism in a Failed State, ICG Africa Report N°45, 23 May 2002, p.6
Leaders and members
*
Abdiqasim Salad Hassan
Abdiqasim Salad Hassan ( so, Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xasan; ar, عبد القاسم سلطة حسن; born on January 1, 1941) or Abdiqasim Salad is a Somali politician. He helped found the Transitional National Government which he served as Preside ...
– President
* Gen.
Ismail Qasim Naji
General Ismail Qasim Naji ( so, Ismaaciil Qaasim Naaji, ar, إسماعيل قاسم ناجي) was the chief of staff of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia and currently the Somali ambassador in Oman. He has served as a senior of ...
– Army commander (
Somali Armed Forces
The Somali Armed Forces are the military forces of the Federal Republic of Somalia. Headed by the president as commander-in-chief, they are constitutionally mandated to ensure the nation's sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity. Ch ...
)
*
Ali Khalif Galaydh
Ali Khalif Galaydh ( so, Cali Khalif Galaydh, ar, علي خليف غلير) (15 October 1941 – 8 October 2020) was a Somali politician. He was the Prime Minister of the transitional Somalia administration from 8 October 2000 to 28 October 2001. ...
– 1st Prime Minister, October 8, 2000 – October 28, 2001
* Osman Jama Ali – 2nd Prime Minister, briefly held post October 28–November 12, 2002
*
Hassan Abshir Farah
Hassan Abshir Farah ( so, Xasan Abshir Faarax, ar, حسن ابشير فرح; June 20, 1945 – July 12, 2020) was a Somali politician. He previously served as mayor of Mogadishu and interior minister of Puntland. From November 12, 2001 to Nove ...
– 3rd Prime Minister, 12 November 2002–December 8, 2003
*
Mohamed Abdi Yusuf
Muhammad Abdi Yusuf ( so, Maxamed Cabdi Yuusuf, ar, محمد يوسف عبدي) (born 1 July 1941) was the Prime Minister of Somalia from November 8, 2003 to November 1, 2004.
* Ali Mahdi Muhammad – MP in the TNG
* Rasack Yousuf – MP in the TNG
* Abdirahman Omar – MP in the TNG
* Mahamed Saeed – MP in the TNG