automobile
A car or automobile is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of ''cars'' say that they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport people instead of goods.
The year 1886 is regarded ...
trading company based in
Jakarta
Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital city, capital and list of Indonesian cities by population, largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coa ...
, Indonesia. It is a
joint venture
A joint venture (JV) is a business entity created by two or more parties, generally characterized by shared ownership, shared returns and risks, and shared governance. Companies typically pursue joint ventures for one of four reasons: to acces ...
company between
Toyota Motor Corporation
is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on . Toyota is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world, producing about 10 ...
and
Astra International
Astra International is an Indonesian conglomerate controlled by Jardine Matheson. It is founded in 1957 by Tjia Kian Tie, Liem Pen Hong with the name of PT. Astra International Incorporated.
It is Southeast Asia's largest independent automotive g ...
with a distribution of shares of 50% and 50% respectively, acting as a sole agent, distributor, and importer of Toyota vehicles. It has been the best-selling car brand in Indonesia every year in a row since 1997.
A separate company, PT Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia (also called ''TMMIN'') operated five Toyota manufacturing plants in the country and exported Toyota vehicles overseas. TMMIN is owned 95% by Toyota Motor Corporation and 5% by Astra International.
History
TAM was established in 1971 as an
importer
An import is the receiving country in an export from the sending country. Importation and exportation are the defining financial transactions of international trade.
In international trade, the importation and exportation of goods are limited ...
for Toyota vehicles and transformed into a distributor company for the same brand a year later. The earliest models introduced by TAM were Corona and
Corolla
Corolla may refer to:
*Corolla (botany), the petals of a flower, considered as a unit
*Toyota Corolla, an automobile model name
*Corolla (headgear)
A ''corolla'' is an ancient headdress in the form of a small circlet or crown.Camry.
The Corolla was also introduced in Indonesia in the early 1970s, and entered its third generation by 1975. The sedan had captured the Indonesian market at the time. Toyota had created a new trend in sedan design: small, compact, and with
rear-wheel drive
Rear-wheel drive (RWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, in which the engine drives the rear wheels only. Until the late 20th century, rear-wheel drive was the most common configuration for cars.
Most rear-wheel ...
. Both Corona and Corolla were highly accepted in the market during the early years. Later, other Toyota sedans entered the Indonesian market, such as the Starlet which was discontinued in 1998, the locally produced
Soluna
Soluna was a music group consisting of four members, all of Hispanic descent – Aurora Rodriguez, America Olivo, Jessica Castellanos, and Christina "T" López. The group's name is the combination the Spanish words for sun ("sol") and moon ( ...
which was launched in 2000 and discontinued in 2003, and
Cressida
Cressida (; also Criseida, Cresseid or Criseyde) is a character who appears in many Medieval and Renaissance retellings of the story of the Trojan War. She is a Trojan woman, the daughter of Calchas, a Greek seer. She falls in love with Troilus, ...
introduced in 1977 and discontinued in 1992, along with the Crown.
In the 4x4 class, Toyota introduced Land Cruiser which initially produced in 1950 and entered the Indonesian market in mid-1970s and was colloquially called "Toyota Hardtop". The vehicle was not only used for individual purposes, but also for industrial and military purposes. For commercial purposes, Toyota launched Toyota Dyna and Toyota HiAce; the latter was discontinued, only to return in 2012 as a large
van
A van is a type of road vehicle used for transporting goods or people. Depending on the type of van, it can be bigger or smaller than a pickup truck and SUV, and bigger than a common car. There is some varying in the scope of the word across th ...
.
In 1977, the
Kijang
Kijang may refer to
* Kijang county, located between Haeundae-gu and Ulsan in northern Busan, South Korea
* Kijang (state constituency), a state constituency in Kelantan, Malaysia
* Kijang Emas, the official gold bullion coin of Malaysia
* Raja ...
was launched in Jakarta. Developed as a basic utility vehicle specifically for Indonesia and the Philippines, the Kijang was later known for its easy and low-cost maintenance and later became a major success in the Indonesian automotive market. The first generation Kijang sold only 1,168 units during 1977, but a year later it increased to 4,629 units, four times as many as the year before. The number continued to rise during the next several years. The second generation was launched in 1981 with a production volume of 19,323 units in 1985. The third generation was later introduced in 1986 and sold 82,687 units in 1987, the largest sale ever in Kijang's history. Around 500,000 Kijang had been sold in Indonesia up to 1995, while the 1 millionth Kijang rolled out of the assembly line on 23 September 2003.
On 31 December 1998, TAM merged with three other companies: PT Multi Astra (a manufacturing company), PT Toyota Mobilindo (body parts manufacturing company), PT Toyota Engine Indonesia (specializing in engine manufacturing) under the name PT Toyota Astra Motor. Toyota stated the merger was carried out with the goal of improving efficiency, to meet increasing consumers’ demand for quality, and to effectively face competition in automotive industry. TAM initially consisted of two major departments, which are production and marketing departments.
In 2003, the production department was spun off from TAM, creating PT Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia (TMMIN). TMMIN conducted functional activities included
casting
Casting is a manufacturing process in which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify. The solidified part is also known as a ''casting'', which is ejecte ...
,
engine
An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy.
Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power ...
, stamping and assembling automobiles. Some components were directly supplied from Japan by Toyota Motor Corporation and the remaining was supplied by local components suppliers. Its marketing division is divided into domestic and overseas (export) markets.
In 2003, TAM launched its first collaboration project with Daihatsu, the Avanza. The Avanza was developed as an entry-level small MPV cheaper and smaller than Kijang, manufactured entirely by partner company
Astra Daihatsu Motor
PT Astra Daihatsu Motor (also called ''ADM'') is an automobile manufacturing company based in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is a joint venture company between Daihatsu, Astra International and Toyota Tsusho. It is the largest car manufacturer in Indones ...
. A year later, the fifth-generation Kijang was introduced as the Kijang Innova. It was built above the IMV platform, which also spawned the
Fortuner
The Toyota Fortuner, also known as the Toyota SW4, is a mid-size SUV manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota since 2004. Built on the Hilux pickup truck platform, it features two/three rows of seats and is available in either rear-wheel ...
Lexus
is the luxury vehicle division of the Japanese automaker Toyota. The Lexus brand is marketed in more than 90 countries and territories worldwide and is Japan's largest-selling make of premium cars. It has ranked among the 10 largest Japanese ...
vehicles in late 2007 along with the opening of the Lexus Gallery in Jakarta.
Facilities
In 1998, TAM established a new manufacturing plant together with by parts and engine manufacturing plants in Karawang with the intention of establishing an integrated plant. The role of manufacturing has been passed to TMMIN since 2003 which operated two centers of production ( Sunter and
Karawang
Karawang (Kota Karawang or Karawang Kota) is the capital of the Karawang Regency of West Java, Indonesia. It is 32 miles east of Jakarta, and had a population of 307,880 at the 2020 Census, spread over two districts of the regency - West Karawang ...
) and one parts center, the largest in Indonesia, which had been computerized since 1982 and was directly on line with Toyota's parts center in Haruhi, Japan. The Karawang plants (first operated in 1998 with total investment Rp 462.2 billion) were considered to be one of the most advanced in Indonesia at the time, built in 100 acres land with a test course and modern installation for environmental safety purposes.
Plants
Models
Current models
Manufactured locally
*
Toyota Avanza
The Toyota Avanza and Daihatsu Xenia are cars developed by Daihatsu and marketed by both Toyota and Daihatsu. It is a multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) and mainly sold with three-row seating. The Avanza and Xenia were developed as an entry-level ...
(2021–present)
*
Toyota Calya
The Daihatsu Sigra is a car designed by Daihatsu and manufactured by Astra Daihatsu Motor in Indonesia since 2016 to be sold exclusively in the country. It is a mini MPV with standard three-row seating. Developed by Daihatsu chief engineer Nobuh ...
(2016–present)
*
Toyota Fortuner
The Toyota Fortuner, also known as the Toyota SW4, is a mid-size SUV manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota since 2004. Built on the Hilux pickup truck platform, it features two/three rows of seats and is available in either rear-whee ...
Toyota Veloz
The Toyota Avanza and Daihatsu Xenia are cars developed by Daihatsu and marketed by both Toyota and Daihatsu. It is a multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) and mainly sold with three-row seating. The Avanza and Xenia were developed as an entry-level MPV ...
(2021–present)
*
Toyota Yaris
The is a supermini/ subcompact car sold by Toyota since 1999, replacing the Starlet and Tercel.
Up to 2019, Toyota had used the Yaris nameplate on export versions of various Japanese-market models, with some markets receiving the same vehi ...
(2006–present, localized 2014)
Manufactured locally by
Daihatsu
, commonly known as Daihatsu, is a Japanese automobile manufacturer and one of the oldest surviving Japanese internal combustion engine manufacturers. The company's headquarters are located in Ikeda, Osaka Prefecture.
Historically, Daihatsu was ...
*
Toyota Agya
The Daihatsu Ayla is a city car designed by Daihatsu and manufactured by Astra Daihatsu Motor in Indonesia, primarily developed for emerging markets. The Ayla is sold by Toyota as the Toyota Agya in Indonesia, South Africa, Tunisia, Americas (e ...
(2012–present)
*
Toyota Avanza
The Toyota Avanza and Daihatsu Xenia are cars developed by Daihatsu and marketed by both Toyota and Daihatsu. It is a multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) and mainly sold with three-row seating. The Avanza and Xenia were developed as an entry-level ...
(2003–present)
*
Toyota Calya
The Daihatsu Sigra is a car designed by Daihatsu and manufactured by Astra Daihatsu Motor in Indonesia since 2016 to be sold exclusively in the country. It is a mini MPV with standard three-row seating. Developed by Daihatsu chief engineer Nobuh ...
(2016–present)
*
Toyota Raize
The A200/A250 series is a car manufactured by Daihatsu. A subcompact crossover SUV, it was unveiled at the 46th Tokyo Motor Show on 23 October 2019 under the "New Compact SUV" name. It replaced the Be‣go in the Japanese market and went on ...
Toyota GR Supra
The J29/DB Toyota Supra, mainly marketed as Toyota GR Supra, is the fifth-generation of the Supra, a sports car produced by Toyota since 2019. Sold under Gazoo Racing (GR) branding, it replaced the previous model, A80, which stopped product ...
Toyota Hilux
The , stylized as HiLux and historically as Hi-Lux, is a series of pickup trucks produced and marketed by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota. The majority of these vehicles are sold as pickup truck or cab chassis variants, although th ...
(2007–present, imported from Thailand)
*
Toyota Land Cruiser
The (also sometimes spelled as LandCruiser) is a series of four-wheel drive vehicles produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota. It is Toyota's longest running series of models. , the sales of the Land Cruiser totalled more than ...
(imported from Japan)
* Toyota Prius PHEV (2020–present, imported from Japan, fleet only)
* Toyota Vios (2022–present, imported from Thailand)
*
Toyota Vellfire
The is a minivan produced by the Japanese automaker Toyota since 2002. It is available as a seven or eight-seater with petrol and hybrid engine options. Hybrid variants have been available since 2003, which incorporates Toyota's Hybrid Synergy ...
(2015–present, imported from Japan)
*
Toyota Voxy
The is a minivan with two rear sliding doors built by Toyota and sold mainly in Asian countries. It is positioned below the Estima and Alphard, and above the Sienta. Being a front-wheel drive-based vehicle, it replaces the rear-wheel drive-b ...
(2017–present, imported from Japan)
;Lexus
* Lexus UX (imported from Japan)
* Lexus NX (imported from Japan)
* Lexus RX (imported from Japan)
*
Lexus LX
The is a full-size luxury SUV sold by Lexus, a luxury division of Toyota since January 1996, having entered manufacturing in November 1995. It is Lexus' largest and most expensive luxury SUV. Four generations have been produced, all based hea ...
(imported from Japan)
* Lexus ES (imported from Japan)
*
Lexus LS
The is a full-size car, full-size luxury car, luxury sedan (F-segment in Europe) serving as the Core product, flagship model of Lexus, the luxury division (business), division of Toyota. For the first four generations, all LS models featured V8 ...
(imported from Japan)
* Lexus LC (imported from Japan)
* Lexus LM (imported from Japan)
Former models
*
Toyota Corolla
The is a series of compact cars (formerly subcompact) manufactured and marketed globally by the Toyota Motor Corporation. Introduced in 1966, the Corolla was the best-selling car worldwide by 1974 and has been one of the best-selling cars in ...
(1971–2001)
*
Toyota Corona
The is an automobile manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota across eleven generations between 1957 and 2001. On launch, the Corona was Toyota's next to highest product in their range, just below the Crown. The Corona was marketed ...
Toyota Crown
The is an automobile which has been produced by Toyota in Japan since 1955. It is primarily a line of mid-size luxury cars that is marketed as an upmarket offering in the Toyota lineup.
Introduced in 1955 as the Toyopet Crown, it has served ...
Toyota Kijang
The Toyota Kijang is a series of pickup trucks, multi purpose vehicles and light commercial vehicles sold mainly in Southeast Asia, Taiwan and India by Toyota. It was first introduced in Indonesia in 1977 and had become the most popular car in ...
Toyota Previa
The Toyota Previa, also known as the in Japan, and Toyota Tarago in Australia, is a minivan that was produced by Toyota from 1990 until October 2019 across three generations.
The name "Previa" is derived from the Spanish and Italian for "pre ...
(2000–2011, imported from Japan)
* Toyota RAV4 (2001–2003; 2014–2015, imported from Japan)
*
Toyota Soluna
The is a subcompact car manufactured by Toyota from 1978 until 1999 across five generations, in five body configurations sized between the Corolla and the Starlet. Manufactured at the Takaoka plant in Toyota City, Japan, and sharing its platfor ...
Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia
PT Toyota-Astra Motor (also called ''TAM'') is an automobile trading company based in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is a joint venture company between Toyota Motor Corporation and Astra International with a distribution of shares of 50% and 50% respec ...