Tondo is a district located in
Manila
Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populated ...
,
Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
. It is the largest in terms of area and population of Manila's sixteen districts, with a Census-estimated 631,313 people in 2015 and consists of two congressional districts. It is also the second most densely populated district in the city.
Etymology
The name Tondo can be derived from its
Old Tagalog name, Tundun as inscribed in the
Laguna Copperplate Inscription of 900 AD, the earliest native document found within the Philippines. Dutch anthropologist
Antoon Postma
Antoon Postma ( Hanunó'o: Buhid: ᝀᝈ᜔ᝆᝓᝈ᜔ ᝉᝓᝐ᜔ᝆ᜔ᝋ) (28 March 1929 – 22 October 2016) was a Dutch anthropologist who married into and lived among the Hanunuo, a Mangyan sub-tribe in southeastern Mindoro, Philippines. ...
, the first to translate the copperplate, believes the term ''tundun'' originated from the old Indian language
Sanskrit
Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural diffusion ...
,
which was used alongside
Old Malay as a language of politics and religion in the area at the time.
Before this landmark discovery, several theories (however incorrect now) existed. Philippine National Artist
Nick Joaquin once suggested that it might be a reference to a high ground ("tundok"). On the other hand, French linguist Jean-Paul Potet, supposed that the
river mangrove, which at the time was called "tundok" ("tinduk-tindukan" today), was the most likely origin of the name.
History
Early Philippine history
The region of Tondo has been settled by humans for over 1,100 years. Historically, Tondo already existed in the year 900 AD according to the
Laguna Copperplate Inscription, a legal document that is the earliest document in the Philippines, written in
Kawi now housed in the
National Museum of Anthropology.
According to this document, Tondo was ruled by an
unnamed person who held the
Sanskrit
Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural diffusion ...
title of
senapati or the equivalent of an admiral. Tondo also had influence all the way to the modern-day province of
Bulacan
Bulacan, officially the Province of Bulacan ( tl, Lalawigan ng Bulacan), is a province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is the city of Malolos. Bulacan was established on August 15, 1578, and part of the Me ...
particularly around Lihan (
Malolos
Malolos, officially the City of Malolos ( fil, Lungsod ng Malolos), is a 1st class component city and capital of the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 261,189 people.
It is the capital city ...
) and Gatbuca (
Calumpit). Tondo was ruled by a line of
lakan until the Spanish conquest.
Colonial Period
After the Spaniards conquered Tondo in January 1571 they established the Province of Tondo which covered many territories in Northern Luzon particularly Pampanga, Bulacan and Rizal (formerly called Morong), with the city of Manila as its center.
In a census conducted by Miguel de Loarca in 1583, Tondo was reported to have spoken the same language as the natives of the province of Pampanga.
[Miguel de Loarca's Census of 1583]
Institute of National Language commissioner
Jose Villa Panganiban also wrote that the dividing line between
Kapampangan and Tagalog was the Pasig River, and that Tondo therefore originally spoke
Kapampangan.
[Panganiban] However, Fray Isacio Rodriquez's Historia dela Provincia del Santisimo Nombre de Jesus de Filipinas stated that Provincia de Tagalos which is Tondo covers all the territories of the future
Archdiocese of Manila.
Prior to the establishment of the
Province of Bulacan in 1578
Malolos
Malolos, officially the City of Malolos ( fil, Lungsod ng Malolos), is a 1st class component city and capital of the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 261,189 people.
It is the capital city ...
and
Calumpit were also included in the territory of Tondo as its ''visitas''. In 1800, the Province of Tondo was renamed to Province of Manila.
Tondo was one of the first provinces to declare rebellion against Spain in the year 1896. In 1911, under the American colonial regime, there was a major reorganization of political divisions, and the province of Tondo was dissolved, with its towns given to the provinces of Rizal and Bulacan. Today, Tondo just exists as a district in the City of Manila.
Contemporary period
Slums developed in Tondo along the
Pasig River. Authorities sought to improve housing conditions on these areas without condoning the action of
squatting
Squatting is the action of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied area of land or a building, usually residential, that the squatter does not own, rent or otherwise have lawful permission to use. The United Nations estimated in 2003 that there ...
committed by the slums' residents. In the 1970s, the
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. The World Bank is the collective name for the Inte ...
provided funds to improve conditions in Tondo which led the increase of rent prices and a property boom in the area. These caused the poor
to be marginalized. The slums that were upgraded were legalized but these areas remain vastly different from other parts of Manila with higher population density, more irregular road and plot patterns, and uncontrolled housing.
In the 1987 constitution, Tondo split into two congressional districts of Manila making the first district to the west while the second district in the east.
Paco also split by fifth and sixth congressional districts which the fifth in the south and sixth in the north.
Economy
Tondo hosts the Manila North Harbor Port, the northern half of the
Port of Manila, the primary seaport serving Metro Manila and surrounding areas.
The area also hosted
Smokey Mountain
''Smokey Mountain'' was the term coined for a large landfill once located in Tondo, Manila.
History
''Smokey Mountain'' operated for more than 50 years, consisting of over two million metric tons of waste. The flammable substances on decompos ...
, a landfill which served Metro Manila and employed thousands of people from around 1960s until its closure in the late 1990s. The dumpsite served as a symbol of poverty even at least two decades since its closure.
Demographics
Urbanization as well as the Lina Law which favors
squatters over land owners has resulted in Tondo being one of the most densely populated areas in the world at .
Crime
Tondo has developed a reputation for criminality and poverty. In 2010,
Manila
Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populated ...
records state that Tondo has the highest criminal rate in the whole city with the most common crime being
pick pocketing.
Culture
The district celebrates the feast of the
Santo Niño de Tondo annually in January, which is dedicated to the image of the
Santo Niño housed within the 16th century Augustinian
Tondo Church. The Lakbayaw Street Dance Festival, a competition among
Ati-Atihan groups and school, local and religious groups, served as the climax of the feast.
Education
The Manila office of the
Department of Education lists 26 public elementary schools and 11 public high schools in Tondo.
List of Barangays
First District
Zone 1: Barangays 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10
Zone 2: Barangays 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, and 32
Zone 3: Barangays 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, and 47
Zone 4: Barangays 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, and 55
Zone 5: Barangays 56, 57, 58, 59, and 60
Zone 6: Barangays 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, and 75
Zone 7: Barangays 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, and 90
Zone 8: Barangays 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, and 106
Zone 9: Barangays 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, and 123
Zone 10: Barangays 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, and 129
Zone 11: Barangays 130, 131, 132, 133, and 134
Zone 12: Barangays 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, and 146
Second District
Zone 13: Barangays 147, 148, 149, 150, and 151
Zone 14: Barangays 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, and 165
Zone 15: Barangays 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, and 176
Zone 16: Barangays 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, and 186
Zone 17: Barangays 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, and 197
Zone 18: Barangays 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 202-A, 203, 204, and 205
Zone 19: Barangays 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, and 212
Zone 20: Barangays 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, and 220
Zone 21: Barangays 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, and 233
Zone 22: Barangays 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, and 248
Zone 23: Barangays 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, and 259
Zone 24: Barangays 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, and 267
Notable people
*
Arturo Tolentino, Senator and lawyer
*
Andrés Bonifacio
Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro (, ; November 30, 1863May 10, 1897) was a Filipino Freemason and revolutionary leader. He is often called "The Father of the Philippine Revolution", and considered one of the national heroes of the Philippines ...
(November 30, 1863 – May 10, 1897), Filipino revolutionary leader
*
Lakandula
Lakandula ( Baybayin: , Spanish orthography: ''Lacandola'') was the title of the last '' lakan'' or paramount ruler of pre-colonial Tondo when the Spaniards first conquered the lands of the Pasig River delta in the Philippines in the 1570s.
T ...
or Lakan Dula (1503–1575), the last ruler of
pre-colonial
Colonialism is a practice or policy of control by one people or power over other people or areas, often by establishing colonies and generally with the aim of economic dominance. In the process of colonisation, colonisers may impose their relig ...
Tondo when the
Spaniards
Spaniards, or Spanish people, are a Romance ethnic group native to Spain. Within Spain, there are a number of national and regional ethnic identities that reflect the country's complex history, including a number of different languages, both ...
first conquered the lands of the
Pasig River delta in the
Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
in the 1570s
*
Tito Arevalo
Tito may refer to:
People Mononyms
*Josip Broz Tito (1892–1980), commonly known mononymously as Tito, Yugoslav communist revolutionary and statesman
*Roberto Arias (1918–1989), aka Tito, Panamanian international lawyer, diplomat, and journal ...
, late actor
*
Emilio Jacinto
Emilio Jacinto y Dizon (; December 15, 1875 – April 16, 1899) was a Filipino general during the Philippine Revolution. He was one of the highest-ranking officers in the Philippine Revolution and was one of the highest-ranking officers of th ...
, Filipino general
*
Mila del Sol, late actress
*
Esang de Torres
Telesa Marie Castillejo de Torres (born February 12, 2007), better known as Esang De Torres, is a Filipina teen singer, songwriter and stage actress best known for portraying Lea Salonga's 'MiniMe' on ABS-CBN's '' It's Showtime'', and joining t ...
, singer, stage actress
*
Mona Lisa
The ''Mona Lisa'' ( ; it, Gioconda or ; french: Joconde ) is a half-length portrait painting by Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci. Considered an archetypal masterpiece of the Italian Renaissance, it has been described as "the best kno ...
, actress
*
Chichay, comedian
*
Dely Atay-Atayan, comedian and singer
*
Amado V. Hernandez
Amado Vera Hernandez, commonly known as Amado V. Hernandez (September 13, 1903 – March 24, 1970), was a Filipino writer and labor leader who was known for his criticism of social injustices in the Philippines and was later imprisoned for ...
, labour leader, awarded order national artist of
the Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
*
Charito Solis
Rosario Violeta Solís Hernández, better known as Charito Solís (October 6, 1935 – January 9, 1998), was a FAMAS and Gawad Urian Award-winning Filipina film actress, in addition to being the first Philippine woman who have bared her chest in ...
, actress
*
José Palma, soldier, writer
*
Lualhati Bautista, novelist
*
Gina Alajar, actress and tv director
*
Wendell Ramos
Wendell Xavier Ramos (born August 18, 1978) is a Filipino actor and model who is currently under GMA Network after ABS-CBN and TV5.
Biography and early career
Ramos started his showbiz career in 1995 when he joined the cast of ''Bubble Gan ...
, actor and
firefighter
A firefighter is a first responder and rescuer extensively trained in firefighting, primarily to extinguish hazardous fires that threaten life, property, and the environment as well as to rescue people and in some cases or jurisdictions als ...
*
Florin Hilbay
Florin "Pilo" Ternal Hilbay (born March 19, 1974) is a Filipino lawyer who served as the Solicitor General of the Philippines from 2014 to 2016, serving the Philippine agent in the international case, ''Philippines v. China'', which nullified all ...
, attorney
*
Levi Celerio
Levi Celerio (April 30, 1910 – April 2, 2002) was a Filipino composer and lyricist who is credited with writing over 4,000 songs. Celerio was recognized as a National Artist of the Philippines for Music and Literature in 1997.
He is also know ...
, national artist of
the Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
*
Isko Moreno, actor and former
mayor of Manila
*
Manny Villar, businessmen, chairman
Vista Land, former
president of the Senate of the Philippines
*
Ricky Belmonte (December 24, 1947 – October 3, 2001), actor and father of
Sheryl Cruz
Sheryl Rose Anna Marie Sonora Cruz (born April 5, 1974), better known as Sheryl Cruz, is a Filipino actress and singer. She is known for her roles as Divina Ferrer in 2007's television drama series ''Sinasamba Kita'', as Valeria in ''Bakekang ...
.
*
Ramon Ang, businessman, vice-chairman of
San Miguel Corporation
San Miguel Corporation, abbreviated as SMC, is a Philippine multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mandaluyong, Metro Manila. The company is one of the largest and most diversified conglomerates in the Philippines. Originally founded ...
*
Arnold Clavio, newscaster and journalist
*
Rene Requiestas (1957–1993), actor-comedian
*
Dolphy, actor-comedian
*
Carlos Badion
Carlos Velasco Badion (August 16, 1935 – June 20, 2002) was a Filipino basketball player. Although born in Lubao, Pampanga, he grew up in Tondo, Manila where he started his checkered career playing in sandlot tournaments and for Abad Santos ...
, basketball player
*
Ernest Obiena, pole vaulter
*
RK Bagatsing
Ramon Khino "RK" S. Bagatsing (born May 9, 1988) is a Filipino film and television actor. Bagatsing is most notable for the role of Arnaldo Ardiente Torillo in the ABS-CBN primetime series ''Wildflower''.
Early life
Bagatsing is the son of a ...
, actor-model
*
Vice Ganda
Jose Marie Borja Viceral (born March 31, 1976), popularly known as Vice Ganda (; ), is a Filipino comedian, talk show host, television presenter, actor, entrepreneur, and singer. He is a regular host on ABS-CBN's noontime variety show '' It's ...
, actor-comedian,
Aldub vlogger and host
*
Raymond Bagatsing, dramatic actor and model
*
Jerald Napoles, actor
*
Joyce Pring
Princess Joyce Enaje Pring (born May 4, 1993) is a Filipina television personality and host. Born in Tondo, Manila, she began hosting as a video jockey after winning at Myx VJ Search in 2011. Pring became a Sparkle artist for her hosting in th ...
, actress
*
Arnel Pineda
Arnel Campaner Pineda (born September 5, 1967) is a Filipino singer and songwriter. He came to prominence in the Philippines during the 1980s and internationally in 2007 as the lead singer of the American rock band Journey.
Early life
Arne ...
, singer and the current vocalist of
Journey
*
Regine Velasquez-Alcasid, singer and songwriter composer
*
Ramon Bagatsing, politician and the former mayor of Manila
*
Willie Ong, cardiologist
*
Geneva Cruz, actress, singer, and composer
*
Joseph Estrada
Joseph Ejercito Estrada, (; born Jose Marcelo Ejercito; April 19, 1937), also known by the nickname Erap, is a Filipino politician and former actor. He served as the 13th president of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, the 9th vice presi ...
, former actor and President
*
Valerie Concepcion
Valerie Norona Galang-Sunga (born December 21, 1987) is a Filipino actress, television host, and endorser. She is known for her role as Nora Ferrer in the soap opera '' Sinasamba Kita'' but later transferred to its rival network ABS-CBN. She th ...
, actress and television host
*
Asiong Salonga, gangster also known as the "King of Tondo"
*
McCoy de Leon, actor and dancer
References
Further reading
*Gaspar de San Agustin, Conquistas de las Islas Filipinas 1565-1615, Translated by Luis Antonio Ma�eru, 1st bilingual ed
panish and English published by Pedro Galende, OSA: Intramuros, Manila, 1998
*Henson, Mariano A. 1965. The Province of Pampanga and Its Towns: A.D. 1300-1965. 4th ed. revised. Angeles City: By the author.
*Loarca, Miguel de. 1582. Relacion de las Yslas Filipinas. Blair and Robertson vol. 5 page 87:
*Panganiban, J.V. 1972. Diksyunaryo-Tesauro Pilipino-Ingles. Quezon City: Manlapaz Publishing Co.
*Mallat, Jean, Les Philippines: Histoire, Geographie, Moeurs, Agriculture, Idustrie, Commerce des colonies Espagnoles dans l'Oc�anie, Paris: Arthus Bertrand, Libraire de la Soci�t� de G�ographie, 1846
*Santiago, Luciano P.R., The Houses of Lakandula, Matanda, and Soliman
571-1898 Genealogy and Group Identity, Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society 18
990
Year 990 ( CMXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* Al-Mansur, ''de facto'' ruler of Al-Andalus, conquers the Castle of Montemor-o-Velho (mode ...
*Scott, William Henry, Barangay: Sixteenth-Century Philippine Culture and Society, Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1994
*Scott, William Henry, Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History, Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1984
External links
*
After Fishing in Tondo, Manila'' oil on canvas by
Fernando Amorsolo, 1927. 58.4 x 96.5 cm.
*
Casas de Pescadores en Tondo ("Fishermen's Houses, Tondo")'' oil on canvas by
Fabian de la Rosa
Fabian may refer to:
People
* Fabian (name), including a list of people with the given name or surname
* Pope Fabian (died 250), Catholic saint
* Fabian Forte (born 1943), 1950s American teen idol, singer and actor, known by the mononym Fabian
...
, 1928. 50 x 70 cm.
*
{{Coord, 14.617, N, 120.967, E, type:city_region:PH_source:GNS-enwiki, display=title
Districts of Manila
Squatting in the Philippines