The is a Japanese commuter electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by the

private railway A private railway is a railroad run by a private business entity (usually a corporation but not need be), as opposed to a railroad run by a public sector. Japan In Japan, , commonly simply ''private railway'', refers to a public transit railway o ...

operator

Tokyu Corporation The is a Japanese multinational '' keiretsu'' (conglomerate) holding company headquartered in Shibuya, Tokyo. Its main operation is , a wholly owned subsidiary operating railways in the Greater Tokyo Area. History The oldest predecessor ...

in the Tokyo area of Japan. Introduced into service in March 1986, 14 eight-car sets and a five-car set were built between 1986 and 1991 by

Tokyu Car Corporation Tokyu may refer to: * Tokyu Group, a group of companies centered on Tokyu Corporation ** Tokyu Corporation The is a Japanese multinational '' keiretsu'' (conglomerate) holding company headquartered in Shibuya, Tokyo. Its main operation is , ...

for use on the Tokyu Toyoko and Oimachi lines. Between 2009 and 2013, the 9000 series sets allocated to Toyoko Line operations were transferred to the Oimachi Line.

Design

Cars are long, wide, and have four pairs of doors per side. While they retain the stainless steel bodies used by older Tokyu train types, they have an offset front-end door. In addition, the 9000 series was the first train type to use

variable-frequency drive A variable-frequency drive (VFD) is a type of motor drive used in electro-mechanical drive systems to control AC motor speed and torque by varying motor input frequency and, depending on topology, to control associated voltage or current va ...

(more commonly referred to as VVVF) technology from new. Since its introduction in 1986, all subsequent Tokyu train types would implement the technology. The design of the 9000 series was the basis for the later Tokyu 1000 series and 2000 series train types.

Formations

Toyoko Line

The Toyoko Line fleet consisted of 14 eight-car sets, formed as follows. * The motored cars were each fitted with one lozenge-type

pantograph A pantograph (, from their original use for copying writing) is a mechanical linkage connected in a manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one pen, in tracing an image, produces identical movements in a second pen. If a line dr ...

Oimachi Line

Oimachi Line sets are formed as follows. * Cars 2, 3, and 4 are each fitted with one single-arm pantograph.

Interior

Passenger accommodation consists primarily of longitudinal seating. Priority seating is composed of transverse seating bays. File:Tokyu-Series9000_Inside_gray.jpg, Interior view File:Tokyu-Series9000_Free-space_gray.jpg, Priority seating

History

The 9000 series fleet consists of 117 vehicles which were built by

. Construction commenced in 1986 and continued until 1991. The vehicles were initially formed into 14 eight-car sets and a five-car set, numbered 9001 to 9015. The train type first entered service on the

Tokyu Toyoko Line Tokyu may refer to: * Tokyu Group, a group of companies centered on Tokyu Corporation ** Tokyu Corporation, a Japanese railway company, the largest member and parent company of the group ** Tokyu Car Corporation, a former Japanese railway vehicle m ...

in March 1986, and the sole five-car set (9007) was introduced on the Tokyu Oimachi Line in 1988.

Refurbishment

From fiscal 2004, the 9000 series fleet underwent a programme of interior refurbishment. The programme included the removal of intermediate partitions in favor of stanchion poles for seven-person seats, installation of onboard passenger information displays, and replacement of the original mixture of brown and orange seat moquette. The seat backs received patterned moquette, whereas the seats received plain red moquette. File:Tokyu-9000-interior.jpg, The interior of a 9000 series set in as-built condition File:Tokyu-9000-renewal-interior.jpg, The interior of a refurbished 9000 series set

Transfer to the Tokyu Oimachi Line

Set 9007 was the only 9000 series trainset on the Oimachi Line until July 2009, when eight-car set 9002 was transferred from Motosumiyoshi depot to Nagatsuta depot for use on the line. It was shortened to a five-car formation, and its solid-red front-end bands were replaced with ones with a red-to-orange gradient. The rest of the fleet was transferred and modified as such from then, with the last of these sets—9001, 9005, and 9010—being withdrawn from Toyoko Line operations between 14 and 15 March 2013. They were transferred to Nagatsuta shortly thereafter. File:Tokyu9000 9101 final run.jpg, 8-car set 9001 with a headmark commemorating its final run on the Toyoko Line, February 2013

Special liveries

A 9000 series set is due to receive a special livery to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Tokyu Corporation's founding. The set is due to enter service with the commemorative livery on 29 April 2022.

References

{{Tokyu trainsets Electric multiple units of Japan 9000 Train-related introductions in 1986 Tokyu Car multiple units 1500 V DC multiple units of Japan