This is a timeline of events leading up to, culminating in, and resulting from the

English Civil War The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians (" Roundheads") and Royalists led by Charles I (" Cavaliers"), mainly over the manner of England's governance and issues of r ...

Events prior to the English Civil War

: *1626 – Parliament dismisses

George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, 28 August 1592 – 23 August 1628), was an English courtier, statesman, and patron of the arts. He was a favourite and possibly also a lover of King James I of England. Buckingham remained at the ...

from command of English forces in Europe; Charles I, furious, dismisses Parliament. *1628 – Charles recalls Parliament; Parliament draws up

Petition of Right The Petition of Right, passed on 7 June 1628, is an English constitutional document setting out specific individual protections against the state, reportedly of equal value to Magna Carta and the Bill of Rights 1689. It was part of a wider ...

which Charles reluctantly accepts. John Felton murders George Villiers in

Portsmouth Portsmouth ( ) is a port and city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire in southern England. The city of Portsmouth has been a unitary authority since 1 April 1997 and is administered by Portsmouth City Council. Portsmouth is the most d ...

. *1629 – Charles dismisses Parliament and does not call it again until 1640, thus commencing the Personal Rule *1633 –

William Laud William Laud (; 7 October 1573 – 10 January 1645) was a bishop in the Church of England. Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by Charles I in 1633, Laud was a key advocate of Charles I's religious reforms, he was arrested by Parliament in 1640 ...

appointed

Archbishop of Canterbury The archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and a principal leader of the Church of England, the ceremonial head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. The current archbishop is Just ...

. *1637 – Charles attempts to impose

Anglican Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that has developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It is one of t ...

services on the

Presbyterian Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism that broke from the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland by John Knox, who was a priest at St. Giles Cathedral (Church of Scotland). Presbyterian churches derive their n ...

Church of Scotland The Church of Scotland ( sco, The Kirk o Scotland; gd, Eaglais na h-Alba) is the national church in Scotland. The Church of Scotland was principally shaped by John Knox, in the Reformation of 1560, when it split from the Catholic Church ...

Jenny Geddes Janet "Jenny" Geddes (c. 1600 – c. 1660) was a Scottish market-trader in Edinburgh who is alleged to have thrown a stool at the head of the minister in St Giles' Cathedral in objection to the first public use of the Church of Scotland ...

reacts starting a tumult which leads to the

National Covenant The National Covenant () was an agreement signed by many people of Scotland during 1638, opposing the proposed reforms of the Church of Scotland (also known as '' The Kirk'') by King Charles I. The king's efforts to impose changes on the church ...

. *1639–1640 –

Bishops' Wars The 1639 and 1640 Bishops' Wars () were the first of the conflicts known collectively as the 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms, which took place in Scotland, England and Ireland. Others include the Irish Confederate Wars, the First ...

start in Scotland.

1640

*13 April, first meeting of the

Short Parliament The Short Parliament was a Parliament of England that was summoned by King Charles I of England on the 20th of February 1640 and sat from 13th of April to the 5th of May 1640. It was so called because of its short life of only three weeks. Af ...

*5 May, Charles dissolves the

*26 October, Charles forced to sign the Treaty of Ripon. *3 November, first meeting of the

Long Parliament The Long Parliament was an English Parliament which lasted from 1640 until 1660. It followed the fiasco of the Short Parliament, which had convened for only three weeks during the spring of 1640 after an 11-year parliamentary absence. In Septe ...

. *11 December, the Root and Branch Petition submitted to the

1641

*July, the

passes ''"An Act for the Regulating the Privie Councell and for taking away the Court commonly called the

Star Chamber The Star Chamber (Latin: ''Camera stellata'') was an English court that sat at the royal Palace of Westminster, from the late to the mid-17th century (c. 1641), and was composed of Privy Counsellors and common-law judges, to supplement the ju ...

"'' *July, Charles returns to Scotland and accedes to all Covenanter demands *August, the Root and Branch Bill rejected by the

*October, outbreak of the

Irish Rebellion of 1641 The Irish Rebellion of 1641 ( ga, Éirí Amach 1641) was an uprising by Irish Catholics in the Kingdom of Ireland, who wanted an end to anti-Catholic discrimination, greater Irish self-governance, and to partially or fully reverse the plantat ...

*1 December – The Grand Remonstrance is presented to the King *December – The

passes the

Bishops Exclusion Act The Clergy Act (1640), also known as the Bishops Exclusion Act, or the Clerical Disabilities Act, was an Act of Parliament, effective 13 February 1642. Prior to the Act, bishops of the Church of England sat in the House of Lords, where they co ...

1642 until the outbreak of the war

*4 January, Charles unsuccessfully attempts to personally arrest the

Five Members The Five Members were Members of Parliament whom King Charles I attempted to arrest on 4 January 1642. King Charles I entered the English House of Commons, accompanied by armed soldiers, during a sitting of the Long Parliament, although the ...

( John Pym,

John Hampden John Hampden (24 June 1643) was an English landowner and politician whose opposition to arbitrary taxes imposed by Charles I made him a national figure. An ally of Parliamentarian leader John Pym, and cousin to Oliver Cromwell, he was one of t ...

, Denzil Holles, Sir Arthur Haselrig, and William Strode) on the floor of the

House of Commons The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the nominally upper house of parliament. T ...

*January, on the orders of the

Sir John Hotham, 1st Baronet Sir John Hotham, 1st Baronet (circa July 1589 – 3 January 1645) of Scorborough Hall, near Driffield, Yorkshire, was an English Member of Parliament who was Governor of Hull in 1642 shortly before the start of the Civil War. He refused to ...

seizes the

arsenal An arsenal is a place where arms and ammunition are made, maintained and repaired, stored, or issued, in any combination, whether privately or publicly owned. Arsenal and armoury (British English) or armory (American English) are mostl ...

Kingston upon Hull Kingston upon Hull, usually abbreviated to Hull, is a port city and unitary authority in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It lies upon the River Hull at its confluence with the Humber Estuary, inland from the North Sea and south- ...

*5 February, the

bishop A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ...

s of the

Church of England The Church of England (C of E) is the established Christian church in England and the mother church of the international Anglican Communion. It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Brit ...

are excluded from the

House of Lords The House of Lords, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Membership is by appointment, heredity or official function. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminst ...

by the

*23 February –

Henrietta Maria Henrietta Maria (french: link=no, Henriette Marie; 25 November 1609 – 10 September 1669) was Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland from her marriage to King Charles I on 13 June 1625 until Charles was executed on 30 January 1649. She was ...

goes to the Netherlands with Princess Mary and the crown jewels *5 March, the

passes the Militia Ordinance *15 March, the

proclaims that "the People are bound by the Ordinance for the Militia, though it has not received the

Royal Assent Royal assent is the method by which a monarch formally approves an act of the legislature, either directly or through an official acting on the monarch's behalf. In some jurisdictions, royal assent is equivalent to promulgation, while in oth ...

" *April,

refuses the king entrance to

*May – The Irish rebellion ends *2 June – The

Nineteen Propositions On 1 June 1642 the English Lords and Commons approved a list of proposals known as the Nineteen Propositions, sent to King Charles I of England, who was in York at the time. In these demands, the Long Parliament sought a larger share of power i ...

rejected *3 June, The great

meeting on Heworth Moor The great meeting on Heworth Moor outside York took place on 3 June 1642. Hopper (2007:1-4) ("'Black Tom': Sir Thomas Fairfax and the English Revolution") provides a vivid account of the meeting and its important role in the period leading up to t ...

outside York, summoned by Charles to garner support for his cause. *July,

Charles I of England Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. He was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after ...

unsuccessfully besieged Hull *July, Parliament appoints the Committee of Safety

The First English Civil War

Events of 1643

* 19 January, Battle of Braddock Down * 28 January, the Long Parliament sends commissioners to negotiate the Treaty of Oxford (unsuccessful) * 19 March, Battle of Hopton Heath * 30 March, Battle of Seacroft Moor * 3 April, Battle of Camp Hill — a Royalist victory * 8–21 April,

Siege of Lichfield The siege of Lichfield occurred on 8–21 April 1643 during the First English Civil War. During the military action, the Royalists under the command of Prince Rupert successfully besieged the Parliamentary garrison of Lichfield in Staffords ...

— a Royalist capture * 25 April,

Battle of Sourton Down The Battle of Sourton Down was a successful Parliamentarian ambush at Sourton Down, in South West England, on 25 April 1643, during the First English Civil War. After a failed attack on Royalist-held Launceston, the Parliamentarians fell back ...

— Parliamentarian victory * 16 May,

Battle of Stratton The Battle of Stratton, also known as the Battle of Stamford Hill, took place on 16 May 1643, during the First English Civil War. In the battle, the Royalists destroyed Parliament's field army in Devon and Cornwall. Background When the war ...

— Royalist victory * 29–31 May, Siege of Worcester — Parliamentarians failed to capture * 16 June, the

passes the Licensing Order * 18 June, Battle of Chalgrove Field —

was mortally wounded during the Battle and died on Saturday evening of 24 June 1643. * 30 June,

Battle of Adwalton Moor The Battle of Adwalton Moor occurred on 30 June 1643 at Adwalton, West Yorkshire, during the First English Civil War. In the battle, the Royalists loyal to King Charles led by the Earl of Newcastle soundly defeated the Parliamentarians co ...

* 1 July, first meeting of the

Westminster Assembly The Westminster Assembly of Divines was a council of divines (theologians) and members of the English Parliament appointed from 1643 to 1653 to restructure the Church of England. Several Scots also attended, and the Assembly's work was adopt ...

* 4 July, Battle of Burton Bridge * 5 July, Battle of Lansdowne (or Lansdown) fought near

Bath Bath may refer to: * Bathing, immersion in a fluid ** Bathtub, a large open container for water, in which a person may wash their body ** Public bathing, a public place where people bathe * Thermae, ancient Roman public bathing facilities Plac ...

. * 13 July, Battle of Roundway Down fought near Devizes * 20 July,

Battle of Gainsborough The Battle of Gainsborough was a battle in the First English Civil War, fought on 28 July 1643. The strategically important town of Gainsborough was a Royalist base used for harassing the Parliamentarians who were generally dominant in Li ...

* 26 July, Storming of Bristol * 17 August, the

ratifies the

Solemn League and Covenant The Solemn League and Covenant was an agreement between the Scottish Covenanters and the leaders of the English Parliamentarians in 1643 during the First English Civil War, a theatre of conflict in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. On 17 August 1 ...

* 2 September, Beginning of

Siege of Hull (1643) The unsuccessful second Siege of Hull by the Royalist Earl of Newcastle in 1643 was a victory for Parliament at the high point of the Royalist campaign in the First English Civil War. It led to the abandonment of the Earl of Newcastle's ca ...

* 18 September, Battle of Aldbourne Chase * 20 September, First Battle of Newbury * 25 September, the

and the

ratify the

. Under the terms of the deal with Scotland, the Committee of Safety is superseded by the Committee of Both Kingdoms * 11 October, Battle of Winceby

Events of 1644

The Scots marched South and joined Parliament's army threatening York. * 26 January, Battle of Nantwich * 3 February,

Siege of Newcastle The siege of Newcastle (3 February 1644 – 27 October 1644) occurred during the First English Civil War, when a Covenanter army under the command of Lord General Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven besieged the Royalist garrison unde ...

, formal request to surrender to the Scots. * 29 March, Battle of Cheriton * 28 May, Storming of Bolton and the Bolton Massacre * 29 June,

Battle of Cropredy Bridge The Battle of Cropredy Bridge was fought on 29 June 1644 near Banbury, Oxfordshire during the First English Civil War. In the engagement, Sir William Waller and the Parliamentarian army failed to capture King Charles. The site was placed ...

* 2 July,

Battle of Marston Moor The Battle of Marston Moor was fought on 2 July 1644, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms of 1639 – 1653. The combined forces of the English Parliamentarians under Lord Fairfax and the Earl of Manchester and the Scottish Covenanters und ...

* 13 September, Second Battle of Aberdeen * 19 October,

ends with the storming of the city by Scottish soldiers * 24 October, the

passes the

Ordinance of no quarter to the Irish The ordinance of no quarter to the Irish was a decree of the English Long Parliament passed on 24 October 1644 in response to the Irish Confederation of Kilkenny threat to send troops from Ireland to support King Charles I during the English Civil ...

* 27 October, Second Battle of Newbury * 23 November, first publication of ''

Areopagitica ''Areopagitica; A speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc'd Printing, to the Parlament of England'' is a 1644 prose polemic by the English poet, scholar, and polemical author John Milton opposing licensing and censorship. ''Areop ...

'' by

John Milton John Milton (9 December 1608 – 8 November 1674) was an English poet and intellectual. His 1667 epic poem ''Paradise Lost'', written in blank verse and including over ten chapters, was written in a time of immense religious flux and politica ...

* 4 November, the Long Parliament sends the Propositions of Uxbridge to the king at Oxford

Events of 1645

* 6 January, the Committee of Both Kingdoms orders the creation of the

New Model Army The New Model Army was a standing army formed in 1645 by the Parliamentarians during the First English Civil War, then disbanded after the Stuart Restoration in 1660. It differed from other armies employed in the 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Th ...

* 28 January, the

appoints commissioners to meet with the king's commissioners at

Uxbridge Uxbridge () is a suburban town in west London and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Hillingdon. Situated west-northwest of Charing Cross, it is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. Uxb ...

* 22 February, negotiations over the

Treaty of Uxbridge The Treaty of Uxbridge was a significant but abortive negotiation in early 1645 to try to end the First English Civil War. Background Parliament drew up 27 articles in November 1644 and presented them to Charles I of England at Oxford. Much inpu ...

end unsuccessfully * February–July, Great Siege of Scarborough Castle * 23 April, the

passes the

Self-denying Ordinance The Self-denying Ordinance was passed by the English Parliament on 3 April 1645. All members of the House of Commons or Lords who were also officers in the Parliamentary army or navy were required to resign one or the other, within 40 days fr ...

* 9 May, Battle of Auldearn * 30 May, Siege and sacking of Leicester * 14 June,

Battle of Naseby The Battle of Naseby took place on 14 June 1645 during the First English Civil War, near the village of Naseby in Northamptonshire. The Parliamentarian New Model Army, commanded by Sir Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell, destroyed the main ...

* 2 July, Battle of Alford * 10 July, Battle of Langport * 15 August,

Battle of Kilsyth The Battle of Kilsyth, fought on 15 August 1645 near Kilsyth, was an engagement of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The largest battle of the conflict in Scotland, it resulted in victory for the Royalist general Montrose over the forces of t ...

* 13 September, Battle of Philiphaugh * 24 September, Battle of Rowton Heath * Surrender of

Leicester Leicester ( ) is a city status in the United Kingdom, city, Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority and the county town of Leicestershire in the East Midlands of England. It is the largest settlement in the East Midlands. The city l ...

* October fear of Royalist attack in south

Lincolnshire Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs.) is a Counties of England, county in the East Midlands of England, with a long coastline on the North Sea to the east. It borders Norfolk to the south-east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south-we ...

* Charles went to Welbeck,

Nottinghamshire Nottinghamshire (; abbreviated Notts.) is a landlocked county in the East Midlands region of England, bordering South Yorkshire to the north-west, Lincolnshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south, and Derbyshire to the west. The trad ...

* 17 December

Siege of Hereford The siege of Hereford took place in 1645 during the English Civil War when the city of Hereford and its English Royalist garrison was besieged by a Scottish Covenanter army under the command of the Earl of Leven. The Covenanters were allied to ...

ended with the surrender of Royalist garrison.

Events of 1646

* 18 January, Siege of Dartmouth ended with the surrender of Royalist garrison. * 3 February,

Siege of Chester The siege of Chester occurred over a 16-month period between September 1644 and February 1646 during the First English Civil War. In the engagement, Sir William Brereton and the Parliamentarians were ultimately successful in taking poss ...

ended with the surrender of Royalist garrison after a 136-day siege. * 16 February, Battle of Torrington victory for the New Model Army * 10 March,

Ralph Hopton Ralph Hopton, 1st Baron Hopton, (159628 September 1652), was an English politician, soldier and landowner. During the 1642 to 1646 First English Civil War, he served as Royalist commander in the West Country, and was made Baron Hopton of Str ...

surrenders the Royalist army at Tresillian bridge in

Cornwall Cornwall (; kw, Kernow ) is a Historic counties of England, historic county and Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South West England. It is recognised as one of the Celtic nations, and is the homeland of the Cornish people ...

. * 21 March, Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold the last

pitched battle A pitched battle or set-piece battle is a battle in which opposing forces each anticipate the setting of the battle, and each chooses to commit to it. Either side may have the option to disengage before the battle starts or shortly thereafter. A ...

of the First Civil War is a victory for the New Model Army * 13 April, Siege of Exeter ended with the surrender of Royalist garrison. * 5 May, Charles surrendered to a Scottish army at

Southwell, Nottinghamshire Southwell (, ) is a minster and market town in the district of Newark and Sherwood in Nottinghamshire, England. It is home to the grade-I listed Southwell Minster, the cathedral of the Anglican Diocese of Southwell and Nottingham. The populat ...

* 6 May, Newark fell to the Parliamentarians * 24 June, Siege of Oxford ended with the surrender of Royalist garrison. * 22 July, Siege of Worcester ended with the surrender of Royalist garrison. * 27 July, after a 65-day siege,

Wallingford Castle Wallingford Castle was a major medieval castle situated in Wallingford in the English county of Oxfordshire (historically Berkshire), adjacent to the River Thames. Established in the 11th century as a motte-and-bailey design within an Anglo-Sa ...

, the last English royalist stronghold, surrenders to Sir

Thomas Fairfax Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Lord Fairfax of Cameron (17 January 161212 November 1671), also known as Sir Thomas Fairfax, was an English politician, general and Parliamentary commander-in-chief during the English Civil War. An adept and talented command ...

. * 19 August, Royalist garrison of

Raglan Castle Raglan Castle ( cy, Castell Rhaglan) is a late medieval castle located just north of the village of Raglan in the county of Monmouthshire in south east Wales. The modern castle dates from between the 15th and early 17th centuries, when the succ ...

surrendered (Wales) * 9 October, the

passes the ''Ordinance for the abolishing of Archbishops and Bishops in England and Wales and for settling their lands and possessions upon Trustees for the use of the Commonwealth''

Events of 1647

* 13 March,

Harlech Castle Harlech Castle ( cy, Castell Harlech; ) in Harlech, Gwynedd, Wales, is a Grade I listed medieval fortification built onto a rocky knoll close to the Irish Sea. It was built by Edward I during his invasion of Wales between 1282 and 1289 at t ...

the last Royalist stronghold in Wales surrendered to the Parliamentary forces. * 29 May, General Council of the Army drew-up the '' Solemn Engagement'' * 3 June, Cornet George Joyce (a junior officer in Fairfax's horse) with a troop of New Model Army cavalry seizes the King from his Parliamentary guards at Holdenby House and place him in protective custody of the New Model Army * 4–5 June, at a rendezvoused on

Kentford Heath Kentford is a village and civil parish in the West Suffolk district of Suffolk in eastern England. In 2021 it had an estimated population of 1125. Located just off the A14, close to the border with Cambridgeshire Cambridgeshire (abbrev ...

near Newmarket the officers and men of the New Model Army gave their assent to the ''Solemn Engagement'' * 8 June, General Fairfax sent the ''Solemn Engagement'' to Parliament along with a letter explaining that the King was now in the custody of the Army negotiations would be conducted through New Model Army representatives * 1 August, General Council of the Army offers the Heads of Proposals * 31 August, Montrose escaped from the Highlands * October, "An

Agreement of the People Agreement may refer to: Agreements between people and organizations * Gentlemen's agreement, not enforceable by law * Trade agreement, between countries * Consensus, a decision-making process * Contract, enforceable in a court of law ** Meeting ...

for a firm and present peace upon grounds of common right", presented to the Army Council * 28 October, Beginning of the

Putney Debates The Putney Debates, which took place from 28 October to 8 November 1647, were a series of discussions over the political settlement that should follow Parliament's victory over Charles I in the First English Civil War. The main participants were ...

. Ended 11 November. * 26 December, a faction of Scottish

Covenanters Covenanters ( gd, Cùmhnantaich) were members of a 17th-century Scottish religious and political movement, who supported a Presbyterian Church of Scotland, and the primacy of its leaders in religious affairs. The name is derived from '' Covena ...

sign The Engagement with

Charles I Charles I may refer to: Kings and emperors * Charlemagne (742–814), numbered Charles I in the lists of Holy Roman Emperors and French kings * Charles I of Anjou (1226–1285), also king of Albania, Jerusalem, Naples and Sicily * Charles I of ...

The Second English Civil War

Events of 1648

* 8 May, Battle of St. Fagans * 16 May(?) – 11 July

Siege of Pembroke The siege of Pembroke took place in 1648 during the Second English Civil War. In the engagement, Parliamentarian troops led by Oliver Cromwell sieged Pembroke Castle in Wales. The Castle had become a refuge for rebellious Parliamentarian ...

* 1 June, Battle of Maidstone * 13 June – 28 August,

Siege of Colchester The siege of Colchester occurred in the summer of 1648 when the English Civil War reignited in several areas of Britain. Colchester found itself in the thick of the unrest when a Royalist army on its way through East Anglia to raise sup ...

* 17 August – 19 August, Battle of Preston * 19 August,

Battle of Winwick The Battle of Winwick (also known as the Battle of Red Bank) was fought on 19 August 1648 near the Lancashire village of Winwick between part of a Royalist army under Lieutenant General William Baillie and a Parliamentarian army comman ...

* 28 August, On the evening of the surrender of

Colchester Colchester ( ) is a city in Essex, in the East of England. It had a population of 122,000 in 2011. The demonym is Colcestrian. Colchester occupies the site of Camulodunum, the first major city in Roman Britain and its first capital. Colch ...

, Royalists Sir Charles Lucas and

Sir George Lisle Sir George Lisle (baptised 10 July 1615 – 28 August 1648) was a professional soldier from London who briefly served in the later stages of the Eighty and Thirty Years War, then fought for the Royalists during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Cap ...

were shot * 15 September,

Treaty of Newport The Treaty of Newport was a failed treaty between Parliament and King Charles I of England, intended to bring an end to the hostilities of the English Civil War. Negotiations were conducted between 15 September 1648 and 27 November 1648, at Newpo ...

* November, leaders in the army draft the Remonstrance of the Army * 6 December,

Pride's Purge Pride's Purge is the name commonly given to an event that took place on 6 December 1648, when soldiers prevented members of Parliament considered hostile to the New Model Army from entering the House of Commons of England. Despite defeat in the ...

, when troops under Colonel

Thomas Pride Colonel Thomas Pride (died 23 October 1658) was a Parliamentarian commander during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, best known as one of the regicides of Charles I and as the instigator of Pride's Purge. Personal details Thomas Pride was bor ...

removed opponents of

Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English politician and military officer who is widely regarded as one of the most important statesmen in English history. He came to prominence during the 1639 to 1651 Wars of the Three ...

from Parliament by force of arms resulting in

Rump Parliament The Rump Parliament was the English Parliament after Colonel Thomas Pride commanded soldiers to purge the Long Parliament, on 6 December 1648, of those members hostile to the Grandees' intention to try King Charles I for high treason. "R ...

Events of 1649

*15 January, "An

of England, and the places therewith incorporated, for a secure and present peace, upon grounds of common right, freedom and safety" presented to the

*20 January, The trial of

by the

High Court of Justice The High Court of Justice in London, known properly as His Majesty's High Court of Justice in England, together with the Court of Appeal and the Crown Court, are the Senior Courts of England and Wales. Its name is abbreviated as EWHC ( Engl ...

begins *27 January, The death warrant of Charles I of England is signed *30 January, Charles I of England executed by

beheading Decapitation or beheading is the total separation of the head from the body. Such an injury is invariably fatal to humans and most other animals, since it deprives the brain of oxygenated blood, while all other organs are deprived of the i ...

– the

passes

Act prohibiting the proclaiming any person to be King of England or Ireland, or the Dominions thereof "An Act prohibiting the proclaiming any person to be King of England or Ireland, or the Dominions thereof" purported to be an Act of the Parliament of England, enacted without royal assent on the same day as the execution of King Charles I of En ...

*5 February, The eldest son of Charles I,

Charles, Prince of Wales Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. He was the longest-serving heir apparent and Prince of Wales and, at age 73, became the oldest person to a ...

, was proclaimed "king of Great Britain, France and Ireland" by the Scottish Parliament at the

Mercat Cross, Edinburgh The Mercat Cross of Edinburgh is a market cross, the structure that marks the market square of the market town of Edinburgh. It stands in Parliament Square next to St Giles' Cathedral, facing the High Street in the Old Town of Edinburgh. Descr ...

. *7 February, The

votes to abolish the English monarchy * 9 February, publication of '' Eikon Basilike'', allegedly by

* 14 February, the Rump Parliament creates the English Council of State * February, Charles II proclaimed king of Great Britain, France and Ireland by Hugh, Viscount Montgomery and other Irish Royalists at

Newtownards Newtownards is a town in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies at the most northern tip of Strangford Lough, 10 miles (16 km) east of Belfast, on the Ards Peninsula. It is in the civil parish of Newtownards and the historic baron ...

in Ulster."King Charles the 2d being proclaimed our King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland" . *9 March, Engager

Duke of Hamilton Duke of Hamilton is a title in the Peerage of Scotland, created in April 1643. It is the senior dukedom in that peerage (except for the Dukedom of Rothesay held by the Sovereign's eldest son), and as such its holder is the premier peer of Sco ...

, Royalist

Earl of Holland Earl of Holland was a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1624 for Henry Rich, 1st Baron Kensington. He was the younger son of Robert Rich, 1st Earl of Warwick, and had already been created Baron Kensington in 1623, also in the ...

, and Royalist

Lord Capel Arthur Capell, 1st Baron Capell (20 February 16089 March 1649), of Hadham Hall and Cassiobury House, Watford, both in Hertfordshire, was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 until 1641 when he was raised to the pee ...

were beheaded at Westminster *17 March, an

Act abolishing the kingship The act abolishing the kingship was an Act of the Rump Parliament that abolished the monarchy in England in the aftermath of the Second English Civil War. In the days following the execution of Charles I on 30 January 1649, Parliament debated th ...

is formally passed by the Rump Parliament. *24 March, The capitulation of

Pontefract Castle Pontefract (or Pomfret) Castle is a castle ruin in the town of Pontefract, in West Yorkshire, England. King Richard II is thought to have died there. It was the site of a series of famous sieges during the 17th-century English Civil W ...

which, even after the death of Charles I, remained loyal to Charles II *1 May, "AN AGREEMENT OF THE Free People of England. Tendered as a Peace-Offering to this distressed Nation" extended version from the

Leveller The Levellers were a political movement active during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms who were committed to popular sovereignty, extended suffrage, equality before the law and religious tolerance. The hallmark of Leveller thought was its populis ...

leaders, "Lieutenant Colonel John Lilburne, Master William Walwyn, Master Thomas Prince (Leveller), and Master Richard Overton, Prisoners in the

Tower of London The Tower of London, officially His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, which is sep ...

, May the 1. 1649." *October, first publication of '' Eikonoklastes'' by

, a rebuttal of '' Eikon Basilike''

English invasion of Scotland

Events of 1650

* 1 May, Treaty of Breda signed between Charles II and the Scottish

* 23 June, Charles II signs the

* 3 September, Battle of Dunbar, Scotland * 1 December,

Battle of Hieton The Battle of Hieton was fought on the 1 December 1650 between a force of Scottish Remonstrants under Colonel Gilbert Ker and 1,000 English commanded by Major-general John Lambert. The site of the battle was by the Cadzow Burn, near the pr ...

, Scotland (skirmish)

Events of 1651

* 1 January, Charles II crowned

King of Scots The monarch of Scotland was the head of state of the Kingdom of Scotland. According to tradition, the first King of Scots was Kenneth I MacAlpin (), who founded the state in 843. Historically, the Kingdom of Scotland is thought to have gro ...

at Scone * 20 July, Battle of Inverkeithing * 25 August,

Battle of Wigan Lane The Battle of Wigan Lane was fought on 25 August 1651 during the Third English Civil War, between a Royalist army led by the Earl of Derby and forces loyal to the Commonwealth of England under Colonel Robert Lilburne. The Royalists were defeat ...

(skirmish) * 28 August,

Battle of Upton The Battle of Upton was fought on 28 August 1651 when a New Model Army detachment under the command of Colonel John Lambert made a surprise attack on Royalists defending the river Severn crossing at Upton-upon-Severn, below Worcester. In ...

(the start of the western encirclement of Worcester) * 3 September,

Battle of Worcester The Battle of Worcester took place on 3 September 1651 in and around the city of Worcester, England and was the last major battle of the 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms. A Parliamentarian army of around 28,000 under Oliver Cromwell d ...

* 3 September, the start of the escape of Charles II * 6 September, Charles II spends the day hiding in the Royal Oak in the woodlands surrounding

Boscobel House Boscobel House () is a Grade II* listed building in the parish of Boscobel in Shropshire. It has been, at various times, a farmhouse, a hunting lodge, and a holiday home; but it is most famous for its role in the escape of Charles II after the B ...

* 16 October, Charles II landed in

Normandy Normandy (; french: link=no, Normandie ; nrf, Normaundie, Nouormandie ; from Old French , plural of ''Normant'', originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is a geographical and cultural region in Northwestern ...

, France, after successfully fleeing England

Events after the English Civil War

deathcount: royalists: 50,000. parliamentarians: 34,000 * 1650–1660,

English Interregnum The Interregnum was the period between the execution of Charles I on 30 January 1649 and the arrival of his son Charles II in London on 29 May 1660 which marked the start of the Restoration. During the Interregnum, England was under various for ...

** 1649–1653, The first period of the

Commonwealth of England The Commonwealth was the political structure during the period from 1649 to 1660 when England and Wales, later along with Ireland and Scotland, were governed as a republic after the end of the Second English Civil War and the trial and execu ...

** 20 April 1653, The Rump Parliament disbanded by

** 1653–1658,

The Protectorate The Protectorate, officially the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, refers to the period from 16 December 1653 to 25 May 1659 during which England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland and associated territories were joined together in the Co ...

under Oliver Cromwell ** 25 March 1655,

Battle of the Severn A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...

was fought in the

Province of Maryland The Province of Maryland was an Kingdom of England, English and later British Empire, British colony in North America that existed from 1632 until 1776, when it joined the other twelve of the Thirteen Colonies in American Revolution, rebellion ag ...

and was won by a Puritan force fighting under a Commonwealth flag who defeated a Royalist force fighting for Lord Baltimore ** 13 April 1657, Oliver Cromwell declines the crown of England ** 3 September 1658, Death of Oliver Cromwell ** 1658–1659, The Protectorate under

Richard Cromwell Richard Cromwell (4 October 162612 July 1712) was an English statesman who was the second and last Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland and son of the first Lord Protector, Oliver Cromwell. On his father's deat ...

** 7 May 1659, Rump Parliament restored by Richard Cromwell ** 25 May 1659, Richard Cromwell delivered a formal letter resigning the position of

Lord Protector Lord Protector (plural: ''Lords Protector'') was a title that has been used in British constitutional law for the head of state. It was also a particular title for the British heads of state in respect to the established church. It was sometimes ...

** 13 October 1659, Rump Parliament disbanded again ** 1659–1660, The second period of the

* 1660,

English Restoration The Restoration of the Stuart monarchy in the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland took place in 1660 when King Charles II returned from exile in continental Europe. The preceding period of the Protectorate and the civil wars came to ...

and the return of

King Charles II of England Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was King of Scotland from 1649 until 1651, and King of England, Scotland and Ireland from the 1660 Restoration of the monarchy until his death in 1685. Charles II was the eldest surviving child of ...

**30 January 1660, Charles II proclaimed

King of England The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional form of government by which a hereditary sovereign reigns as the head of state of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies (the Baili ...

**March 1660, Convention Parliament elected **4 April 1660, Charles II issued the

Declaration of Breda The Declaration of Breda (dated 4 April 1660) was a proclamation by Charles II of England in which he promised a general pardon for crimes committed during the English Civil War and the Interregnum for all those who recognized Charles as the la ...

, which made known the conditions of his acceptance of the crown of England **25 April 1660, Convention Parliament assembled for the first time **29 May 1660, Charles II arrives in London and the English monarchy is restored **July 1660, Richard Cromwell left England for the

Kingdom of France The Kingdom of France ( fro, Reaume de France; frm, Royaulme de France; french: link=yes, Royaume de France) is the historiographical name or umbrella term given to various political entities of France in the medieval and early modern period. ...

where he went by a variety of pseudonyms, including "John Clarke" **29 December 1660, Convention Parliament disbanded by Charles II **23 April 1661, coronation of Charles II at

Westminster Abbey Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an historic, mainly Gothic church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the United ...

** 1660–1662, The trials and executions of the regicides of Charles I ** 30 January 1661, On the 12th anniversary of the beheading of Charles I, the exhumed remains of Oliver Cromwell were posthumously executed ( Cromwell's severed head was displayed on a pole outside

Westminster Hall The Palace of Westminster serves as the meeting place for both the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Commons and the House of Lords, the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Informally known as the Houses of Parli ...

until 1685)

Notes

Some of the information on this page could be different or similar to other websites.

References

* * *

External links

A national Civil War timelineBattleOfEdgehill.org
{{DEFAULTSORT:English Civil War Timeline British history timelines * Timeline of Timelines of military conflicts

Events prior to the English Civil War

1640

1641

1642 until the outbreak of the war

The First English Civil War

Events of 1643

Events of 1644

Events of 1645

Events of 1646

Events of 1647

The Second English Civil War

Events of 1648

Events of 1649

English invasion of Scotland

Events of 1650

Events of 1651

Events after the English Civil War

See also

Notes

References

External links