;1900 *

Walter Reed Walter Reed (September 13, 1851 – November 22, 1902) was a U.S. Army physician who in 1901 led the team that confirmed the theory of Cuban doctor Carlos Finlay that yellow fever is transmitted by a particular mosquito species rather than ...

, a

United States Army The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare, land military branch, service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight Uniformed services of the United States, U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army o ...

major, was appointed president of a board "to study infectious diseases in

Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...

paying particular attention to yellow fever." He concurred with

Carlos Finlay Carlos Juan Finlay (December 3, 1833 – August 20, 1915) was a Cuban epidemiologist recognized as a pioneer in the research of yellow fever, determining that it was transmitted through mosquitoes ''Aedes aegypti''. Biography Early life and ...

in identifying

mosquitoes Mosquitoes (or mosquitos) are members of a group of almost 3,600 species of small Diptera, flies within the family Culicidae (from the Latin ''culex'' meaning "gnat"). The word "mosquito" (formed by ''mosca'' and diminutive ''-ito'') is Spanish ...

as the agent. * Ignacio Bolívar y Urrutia publishes ''Catálogo sinóptico de los ortópteros de la fauna ibérica''. * Kálmán Kertész, Mario Bezzi,

Paul Stein (entomologist) Paul Stein (1852–1921) was a German museum curator and entomologist . He specialised in Diptera especially the family Anthomyiidae. In this group he studied the world fauna describing many new genera and species. Stein worked with Theodor ...

and

Theodor Becker Theodor Becker (23 June 1840 in Plön – 30 June 1928 in Liegnitz) was a Danish-born German civil engineer and entomologist primarily known for studies on the taxonomy of flies. He worked with Paul Stein, Mario Bezzi, and Kálmán Kertész ...

published the first part of a

Palaearctic The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. The realm consists of several bioregions: the Euro-Sibe ...

Catalogue of Diptera ''Katalog der Paläarktischen dipteren'' in Budapest. ;1901 *

William Francis de Vismes Kane William Francis de Vismes Kane (1840 – 1918) was an Irish entomologist Born in Exmouth, Devon Kane lived at Drumreaske House in Monaghan. His mother was French. He was appointed Sheriff of Monaghan for 1865. Most of Kanes collecting was in ...

''A catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Ireland''-the third (and first comprehensive) catalogue of the Irish macrolepidoptera. *

Augustus Daniel Imms Augustus Daniel Imms FRS (24 August 1880, in Moseley, Worcestershire – 3 April 1949 in Tipton St. John near Sidmouth, Devon) was an English educator, research administrator and entomologist. An influential textbook of entomology that he firs ...

''General textbook of Entomology'' published. 10th revised edition (1977) still one of the most widely used of all insect texts. *

Thomas Hunt Morgan Thomas Hunt Morgan (September 25, 1866 – December 4, 1945) was an American evolutionary biologist, geneticist, embryologist, and science author who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933 for discoveries elucidating the role that ...

is the first to conduct genetic research with the fruit fly ''

Drosophila melanogaster ''Drosophila melanogaster'' is a species of fly (the taxonomic order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae. The species is often referred to as the fruit fly or lesser fruit fly, or less commonly the " vinegar fly" or "pomace fly". Starting with ...

''. In the Fly Room at

Columbia University Columbia University (also known as Columbia, and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhatt ...

. ;1902 *

Ronald Ross Sir Ronald Ross (13 May 1857 – 16 September 1932) was a British medical doctor who received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1902 for his work on the transmission of malaria, becoming the first British Nobel laureate, and the ...

gained

Nobel Prize for Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine. The Nobel Prize is not a single prize, but five separate prizes that, according ...

for his discovery that

malaria Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or death. S ...

is carried by mosquitoes. The awarding committee made special mention of the work of

Giovanni Battista Grassi Giovanni Battista Grassi (27 March 1854 – 4 May 1925) was an Italian physician and zoologist, best known for his pioneering works on parasitology, especially on malariology. He was Professor of Comparative Zoology at the University of Catani ...

on the life history of the

Plasmodium ''Plasmodium'' is a genus of unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate parasites of vertebrates and insects. The life cycles of ''Plasmodium'' species involve development in a blood-feeding insect host which then injects parasites into a ver ...

parasite. * Charles W. Woodworth ''A List of the Insects of California'' published. *

Philogene Auguste Galilee Wytsman Jaden Philogene-Bidace (born 8 February 2002), known as Jaden Philogene, is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for EFL Championship side Cardiff City, on loan from Aston Villa. He is a product of the Aston Villa Academy ...

started ''Genera Insectorum'', a multi-authored series that consisted of 219 issues, the last occurring in 1970. *

Otto Schmiedeknecht Otto Schmiedeknecht (8 September 1847 Bad Blankenburg, Thüringen Thuringia (; german: Thüringen ), officially the Free State of Thuringia ( ), is a state of central Germany, covering , the sixth smallest of the sixteen German states. It h ...

''Opuscula Ichneumonologica''. Blankenburg. *

William Morton Wheeler William Morton Wheeler (March 19, 1865 – April 19, 1937) was an American entomologist, myrmecologist and Harvard professor. Biography Early life and education William Morton Wheeler was born on March 19, 1865, to parents Julius Morton Wheel ...

appointed curator of invertebrate zoology in the American Museum of Natural History, New York *

August Arthur Petry August Arthur Petry (1858, Tilleda - 1932 Nordhausen) was a German botanist and entomologist specialising in Microlepidoptera. He was a teacher of philology at the Gymasium in Nordhausen. August Petry was a Member of the Stettin Entomologica ...

publishes Ueber die deutschen an Artemisia lebenden Arten der Gattung ''

Bucculatrix Bucculatricidae or (Bucculatrigidae) is a family of moths. This small family has representatives in all parts of the world. Some authors place the group as a subfamily of the family Lyonetiidae. Adults of this family are easily overlooked, bein ...

'' Z. nebst Beschreibung einer neuen Art in ''Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift Iris'' *

Peter Esben-Petersen Peter Esben-Petersen (18 December 1869, in Sverup near Silkeborg – 2 April 1942, in Silkeborg) was a Danish entomologist who specialised in world Neuroptera. He was also interested in the Orthoptera, Ephemeroptera and other insects of Denmark ...

publishes ''Bidrag til en Fortegnelse over Arktisk Norges Neuropterfauna'' ;1905 *

Adolfo Lutz Adolfo Lutz (6 October 1855 – 18 December 1940) was a Brazilian physician, father of tropical medicine and medical zoology in Brazil, and a pioneer epidemiologist and researcher in infectious diseases. Life Lutz was born in Rio de Janeiro, on ...

Beitraege zur Kenntniss der brasilianischen Tabaniden. ''Rev. Soc. Sci. São Paulo'' 1: 19–32, published * Raphaël Blanchard ''Les moustiques. Histoire naturelle et médicale'' Paris, F.R. de Rudeval, published. * Gabriel Höfner ''Die Schmetterlinge Kärntens'' (1905-1915) ;1906 *

Adalbert Seitz Friedrich Joseph Adalbert Seitz, (24 February 1860 in Mainz – 5 March 1938 in Darmstadt) was a German physician and entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. He was a director of the Frankfurt zoo from 1893 to 1908 and is best known for e ...

, ''Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde'' commenced. This vast work on Lepidoptera was published in German, English and French. It contained colour plates of all important species. ;1907 *

William Lundbeck William Lundbeck (16 October 1863 in Aalborg – 18 May 1941 in Kongens Lyngby) was a Danish entomologist mainly interested in Diptera. He was a Professor in the University Museum in Copenhagen. Lundbeck's most important work was ''Diptera Dan ...

''Diptera Danica. Genera and species of flies Hitherto found in Denmark'' commenced. *

Hamilton Herbert Druce Hamilton Herbert Charles James Druce (1869 – 21 June 1922) was an English entomologist who specialised in Lycaenidae and to a lesser extent Hesperiidae. He is not to be confused with his father, the English entomologist Herbert Druce (1846– ...

On Neotropical Lycaenidae, with Descriptions of New Species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. *

Henry Christopher McCook Henry Christopher McCook (July 3, 1837 – 1911) was an American Presbyterian clergyman, naturalist, and prolific author on religion, history, and nature. He was a member of the celebrated Fighting McCooks, a family of Ohio military officers a ...

''Nature's Craftsmen: Popular Studies of Ants and Other Insects''. * Lajos Abafi ''Magyarország lepkéi'' (butterflies of Hungary) 1907 ;1908 * Edmund Reitter ''Fauna Germanica - Die Käfer des Deutschen Reiches'' commenced. This five volume masterwork remains in use today, almost 100 years from its inception. * Leonello Picco Contributo allo studio della fauna entomologica Italiano. Elenco sistematico degli Emitteri finora raccolti nella Provincia di Roma. * Arnold Spuler and Ernst Hofmann ''Die Schmetterlinge Europas'' (The Lepidoptera of Europe) was for decades a standard in the study of lepidoptera. ;1909 * George Henry Verrall ''Stratiomyidae and succeeding families of the Diptera Brachycera of Great Britain'' - ''British flies'' published. *

Carlos Chagas Carlos Justiniano Ribeiro Chagas, or Carlos Chagas (; July 9, 1879 – November 8, 1934), was a Brazilian sanitary physician, scientist, and bacteriologist who worked as a clinician and researcher. He discovered Chagas disease, also called ''A ...

observed the peculiar infestation of rural houses in

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

with Triatoma, a "kissing" bug, later demonstrating that it was the vector of ''Trypanosoma cruzi'', and he was able to prove experimentally that it could be transmitted to

marmoset The marmosets (), also known as zaris or sagoin, are 22 New World monkey species of the genera '' Callithrix'', '' Cebuella'', '' Callibella'', and ''Mico''. All four genera are part of the biological family Callitrichidae. The term "marmoset" ...

monkeys that were bitten by the infected bug. His description of the new disease was to become a classic in medicine and brought him domestic and international distinction. *

Charles Nicolle Charles Jules Henri Nicolle (21 September 1866 – 28 February 1936) was a French bacteriologist who received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his identification of lice as the transmitter of epidemic typhus. Family Nicolle was born to Aline L ...

reasoned that it was most likely lice that were the vector for epidemic typhus. He tested his theory by infecting a chimpanzee with typhus, retrieving the lice from it, and placing it on a healthy chimpanzee. Within 10 days the second chimpanzee had typhus as well. *

Antonio Berlese Antonio Berlese (26 June 1863, in Padua – 24 October 1927, in Florence) was an Italian entomologist. Career Berlese worked on pest insects notably of fruit trees. He published over 300 articles and a book ''Gli insetti loro organizzazione, sv ...

Volume I of ''Gli insetti loro organizzazione, sviluppo, abitudini e rapporti con l'uomo'' (Volume 2 1925). *

Arnold Pagenstecher Arnold Andreas Friedrich Pagenstecher (25 December 1837, Dillenburg – 11 June 1913, Wiesbaden) was a German doctor and entomologist. He was especially interested in Lepidoptera, especially Papilionidae. He wrote ''Die geographische Verbreitung ...

''Die geographische Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge'' published in

Jena Jena () is a German city and the second largest city in Thuringia. Together with the nearby cities of Erfurt and Weimar, it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500,000 inhabitants, while the city itself has a po ...

. * Foundation of ''Journal of Entomology'' by Charles Fuller Baker, one of the first revues of

economic entomology Economic entomology is a field of entomology, which involves the study of insects that benefit or harm humans, domestic animals, and crops. Insects that cause losses are termed as pests. Some species can cause indirect damage by spreading diseases ...

. *

Murinus Cornelius Piepers Marinus Cornelius Piepers (1836 – 1919 in The Hague) was a Dutch entomologist and lawyer. Piepers studied law in Leiden and obtained his doctorate in 1859.''The Rhopalocera of Java' with Pieter Cornelius Tobias Snellen and Hans Fruhstorfer Ha ...

, Pieter Cornelius Tobias Snellen and

Hans Fruhstorfer Hans Fruhstorfer (7 March 1866, in Passau, Germany – 9 April 1922, in Munich) was a German explorer, insect trader and entomologist who specialised in Lepidoptera. He collected and described new species of exotic butterflies, especially in ...

. ''The Rhopalocera of Java'' commenced. Completed 1918. ;1910 *

Gilbert John Arrow Gilbert John Arrow (20 December 1873 London- 5 October 1948) was an English entomologist. Gilbert was the son of John Garner Arrow of Streatham, London. He initially trained as an architect but took an interest in insects from 1896 during which ...

published the first volume of ''

The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma ''The Fauna of British India'' (short title) with long titles including ''The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma'', and ''The Fauna of British India Including the Remainder of the Oriental Region'' is a series of scientific books th ...

''. Lamellicornia 1. Cetoniinae and Dynastinae. Arrow wrote five volumes of this classic work. * Hans Ferdinand Emil Julius Stichel Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Fam. Riodinidae. published in J. Wytsman ''Genera Insectorum'' 112A completed 1911). *

published Family Pieridae in

's ''Macrolepidoptera of the World'' ;1912 *

Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius (15 January 1843 – 20 July 1928) was a Swedish entomologist. Life Christopher Aurivillius was born at Forsa, Sweden. He was the director of the Natural History Museum in Stockholm and he specialised in Col ...

wrote Part 39 of ''Catalogus Coleopterorum''

Cerambycidae The longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), also known as long-horned or longicorns, are a large family of beetles, with over 35,000 species described. Most species are characterized by extremely long antennae, which are often as long as or longer than ...

: Cerambycinae (1912). Aurivillius worked on world insects. ;1913 Wytsman

Charles Paul Alexander Charles Paul Alexander (September 25, 1889, Gloversville, New York - December 3, 1981) was an American entomologist who specialized in the craneflies, Tipulidae. Charles Paul Alexander was the son of Emil Alexander and Jane Alexander (née Parke ...

''A synopsis of part of the Neotropical Crane-flies of the subfamily Limnobinae (Tipulidae''). *

Erwin Lindner Erwin Lindner (7 April 1888 – 30 November 1988) was a German entomologist mainly interested in Diptera. He was born in Böglins, Memmingen and died in Stuttgart, aged 100 years. In 1913 Erwin Lindner joined the Otto Kröber Therevidae.''Genera.Ins'' published. * Karl Eckstein ''Die Schmetterlinge Deutschlands mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Biologie'' commenced (finished 1933). * G.D. Hale Carpenter joined the

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) is a public research university in Bloomsbury, central London, and a member institution of the University of London that specialises in public health and tropical medicine. The inst ...

, and took the

Doctor of Medicine Doctor of Medicine (abbreviated M.D., from the Latin ''Medicinae Doctor'') is a medical degree, the meaning of which varies between different jurisdictions. In the United States, and some other countries, the M.D. denotes a professional degree. T ...

examination in 1913 with a dissertation on the

tsetse fly Tsetse ( , or ) (sometimes spelled tzetze; also known as tik-tik flies), are large, biting flies that inhabit much of tropical Africa. Tsetse flies include all the species in the genus ''Glossina'', which are placed in their own family, Glos ...

( Glossina palpalis) and

sleeping sickness African trypanosomiasis, also known as African sleeping sickness or simply sleeping sickness, is an insect-borne parasitic infection of humans and other animals. It is caused by the species ''Trypanosoma brucei''. Humans are infected by two typ ...

. ;1914 *

Friedrich Georg Hendel Friedrich Georg Hendel (14 December 1874- 26 June 1936) was an Austrian high school director and entomologist mainly interested in Diptera. He described very many new species and made important contributions to the higher taxonomy of the Diptera. ...

Die Arten der Platystominen. ''Abh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien'' 8 (1): 1–409, 4 pls. published * Filippo Silvestri Contribuzione alla conoscenza dei Termitidi e Termitofili dell'Africa occidentale. ''Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia General e Agraria'', Portici. ;1915 *

Nathan Banks Nathan Banks (April 13, 1868 – January 24, 1953) was an American entomologist noted for his work on Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Hymenoptera, and Acarina (mites). He started work on mites in 1880 with the USDA. In 1915 he authored the first compr ...

'' A Treatise on the Acarina, Or Mites'' the first comprehensive English handbook on mites. *

Reginald Punnett Reginald Crundall Punnett FRS (; 20 June 1875 – 3 January 1967) was a British geneticist who co-founded, with William Bateson, the ''Journal of Genetics'' in 1910. Punnett is probably best remembered today as the creator of the Punnett ...

publishes ''Mimicry in Butterflies''. ;1916 * The

Japanese beetle The Japanese beetle (''Popillia japonica'') is a species of scarab beetle. The adult measures in length and in width, has iridescent copper-colored elytra and a green thorax and head. It is not very destructive in Japan (where it is control ...

, ''Popillia japonica'', was first discovered in the United States in

Riverton, New Jersey Riverton is a borough located in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough had a total population of 2,779,Alfred Kinsey Alfred Charles Kinsey (; June 23, 1894 – August 25, 1956) was an American sexologist, biologist, and professor of entomology and zoology who, in 1947, founded the Institute for Sex Research at Indiana University, now known as the Kinsey Insti ...

became Professor of Entomology at

Indiana University Bloomington Indiana University Bloomington (IU Bloomington, Indiana University, IU, or simply Indiana) is a public research university in Bloomington, Indiana. It is the flagship campus of Indiana University and, with over 40,000 students, its largest ca ...

. *

Ernst Jünger Ernst Jünger (; 29 March 1895 – 17 February 1998) was a German author, highly decorated soldier, philosopher, and entomologist who became publicly known for his World War I memoir '' Storm of Steel''. The son of a successful businessman and ...

publishes In ''Stahlgewittern'', The Storm of Steel. *

Enrico Adelelmo Brunetti Enrico Adelelmo Brunetti (22 May 1862 – 21 January 1927) was a British musician and entomologist. He specialized in the Diptera and worked for many years in India. Brunetti was born in London. His mother was from Bath, Somersetshire and his f ...

''. Diptera 1. Brachycera published. *

Charles Thomas Brues Charles Thomas Brues (June 20, 1879, Wheeling, West Virginia – July 22, 1955, Crescent City, Florida) was an American entomologist. Biography Brues studied at the University of Texas at Austin and at Columbia University. He was appointed f ...

''Insects and Human Welfare'' published. * G.D. Hale Carpenter published
''A Naturalist on Lake Victoria, with an Account of Sleeping Sickness and the Tse-tse Fly''; 1920. T.F. Unwin Ltd, London; Biodiversity Archive
;1921 * Günther Enderlein Über die phyletisch älteren Stratiomyiidensubfamilien (Xylophaginae, Chiromyzinae, Solvinae, Beridinae und Coenomyiinae). ''Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl.'' 10: 150-214 published. ;1923 * Auguste-Henri Forel publishes a myrmecological 5-volume magnum opus, Le Monde Social des Forimis ;1924 Charles W

Frederick William Frohawk Frederick William Frohawk (16 July 1861 – 10 December 1946) was an England, English zoological artist and lepidopterist. Frohawk was the author of ''Natural History of British Butterflies'' (1914), ''The Complete Book of British Butterflies' ...

's ''Natural History of British Butterflies'' published. ;1925 * Frank M. Carpenter begins work on the

Elmo Elmo is a red Muppet monster character on the long-running PBS/ HBO children's television show ''Sesame Street''. A furry red monster who has a falsetto voice and illeism, he hosts the last full five-minute segment (fifteen minutes prio ...

Permian The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.9 Mya. It is the last ...

fossil fauna. * Josef Fahringer ''Opuscula braconolocica'' (4 parts, finished 1937) begun. ;1927 * Ronald A. Senior-White and Robert Knowles (entomologist) ''Malaria: Its Investigation and Control, with Special Reference to Indian Conditions''. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co published. * José María Hugo de la Fuente Morales Tablas analíticas para la clasificación de los coleópteros de la Península Ibérica.

Barcelona Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within ci ...

Imprenta Altés, published. * Zeno Payne Metcalf commenced (as overall editor and author of the Homoptera sections) ''General Catalogue of the Hemiptera''. Completed 1971. ;1928 *

Jan Noskiewicz Jan Noskiewicz (8 October 1890 – 27 August 1963) was a Polish entomologist specialising in Hymenoptera and Strepsiptera. Noskiewicz was born in Sanok. He was Professor of Systematic Zoology and Zoogeography at (then) Breslau now Wroclaw Un ...

with G. Poluszynski Embryologische Untersuchungen an Strepsipteren. I. Teil: Embryogenesis der Gattung Stylops Kirby. ''Akad. Umiejetnosci''.. * Leopold III of Belgium a keen amateur entomologist collects in the Dutch East Indies(1929-1929) *

Guido Grandi image:Guidograndi.jpg, Guido Grandi Dom (title), Dom Guido Grandi, Camaldolese, O.S.B. Cam. (1 October 1671 – 4 July 1742) was an Italian monk, priest, philosopher, theologian, mathematician, and engineer. Life Grandi was born on 1 October ...

founded the Institute of Entomology at the

University of Bologna The University of Bologna ( it, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, UNIBO) is a public research university in Bologna, Italy. Founded in 1088 by an organised guild of students (''studiorum''), it is the oldest university in continu ...

(l'Istituto di Entomologia dell'Università di Bologna). * World's oldest known

insect Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body ( head, thorax and abdomen), three ...

, '' Rhyniognatha hirsti'' named by

Robert John Tillyard Robert "Robin" John Tillyard FRS (31 January 1881 – 13 January 1937) was an English–Australian entomologist and geologist. Early life and education Tillyard was the son of J. J. Tillyard and his wife Mary Ann Frances, née Wilson and was ...

. * Alexander Kirilow Drenowski The Lepidoptera fauna on the high mountains of Bulgaria ''Sbornik bulg. Akad. Nauk''. 23: 1–120, 1 map, published. ;1930 *

Camillo Acqua Camillo Acqua was an Italian entomologist, born 30 August 1863 at Velletri, Italy. He died 25 March 1936 at Ascoli Piceno. Camillo Acqua was Directeur de l’Instituto Bacologico (Institut for sericulture) at Portici (near Naples) then at Stazione ...

''Il bombice del Gelso:Nello stato normale e patologico nella tecnica dell'allevamento e della riproduzione. (Industria della preparazione del seme Bachi)''-Enc. tela. Casa Ed. di Giuseppe Cesari, published. This was an important contribution to the literature on

sericulture Sericulture, or silk farming, is the cultivation of silkworms to produce silk. Although there are several commercial species of silkworms, '' Bombyx mori'' (the caterpillar of the domestic silkmoth) is the most widely used and intensively stud ...

. ;1931 * Georg Hermann Alexander Ochs publishes ''Über die Gyriniden-Ausbeute der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition mit einer Übersicht über die Gyriniden-Fauna Javas und Larvenbeschreibungen''. * Shonen Matsumura 6,000 illustrated Insects of Japan-Empire. ;1932 * '' A Practical Handbook of British Beetles'' by Norman H. Joy published by Witherby. * Alfred Balachowsky ''Étude biologique des coccides du bassin occidental de la Méditerranée'' published in Paris by Lechevalier and Fils. ;1934 * René Malaise invents the Malaise trap. *

Vincent Brian Wigglesworth Sir Vincent Brian Wigglesworth CBE FRS (17 April 1899 – 11 February 1994) was a British entomologist who made significant contributions to the field of insect physiology. He established the field in a textbook which was updated in a number ...

, the "Father" of Insect Physiology, writes the first book on insect physiology, ''The Principles of Insect Physiology''. * Antoni Władysław Jakubski ''Czerwiec polski'' "Polish cochineal". Monograph on the Polish cochineal. ;1935 *

Gerhard Schrader Gerhard Schrader (25 February 1903 – 10 April 1990) was a German chemist specializing in the discovery of new insecticides, hoping to make progress in the fight against hunger in the world. Schrader is best known for his accidental discovery of ...

discovers the powerful insecticides called organophosphates *

Walter Rothschild Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild, Baron de Rothschild, (8 February 1868 – 27 August 1937) was a British banker, politician, zoologist and soldier, who was a member of the Rothschild family. As a Zionist leader, he was presen ...

gives his insect collection, one of the world's largest collections of Lepidoptera, to the

Natural History Museum A natural history museum or museum of natural history is a scientific institution with natural history collections that include current and historical records of animals, plants, fungi, ecosystems, geology, paleontology, climatology, and more. ...

. ;1936 * The

Natural History Museum, London The Natural History Museum in London is a museum that exhibits a vast range of specimens from various segments of natural history. It is one of three major museums on Exhibition Road in South Kensington, the others being the Science Museum an ...

acquires the

James John Joicey James John Joicey FES (28 December 1870 – 10 March 1932) was an English amateur entomologist, who assembled an extensive collection of Lepidoptera in his private research museum, called the Hill Museum, in Witley, Surrey. Hi ...

collection of Lepidoptera. ;1938 *

Lucien Chopard Lucien Chopard (31 August 1885 – 16 November 1971) was a French entomologist. Chopard was born in Paris. He graduated as a Doctor of Science in 1920 at the Faculté des sciences de Paris with a thesis entitled ''Recherches sur la conformation ...

''La biologie des orthoptères'' (Paul Lechevalier, Paris). * Ângelo Moreira da Costa Lima commenced ''Insetos do

Brasil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area an ...

, v. 1-11''. Completed 1960. ;1940 *

Vladimir Nabokov Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov (russian: link=no, Владимир Владимирович Набоков ; 2 July 1977), also known by the pen name Vladimir Sirin (), was a Russian-American novelist, poet, translator, and entomologist. Bor ...

begins organizing the butterfly collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at

Harvard University Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of high ...

. * Ruggero Verity commenced ''Farfalle, in English Butterflies, of Italia'' (five volumes, 1940–1953). *

René Jeannel René Jeannel (23 March 1879 – 20 February 1965) was a French entomologist.Jean-Jacques Amigo, « Jeannel (René, Gabriel, Marie) », in Nouveau Dictionnaire de biographies roussillonnaises, vol. 3 Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Perpignan, ...

''Faune cavernicole de la France'', in English The Fauna of the Caves of France, published. ;1941 * Zoltán Szilády A magyar birodalom legyeinek szinopszisa. VI. Talpaslegyek, Clythidae (

Platypezidae Platypezidae is a family of true flies of the superfamily Platypezoidea. The more than 250 species are found worldwide primarily in woodland habitats. A common name is flat-footed flies, but this is also used for the closely related Opetii ...

); VIII. Lauxaniidae ynopsis of the flies of the Hungarian empire * Adolf Horion ''Faunistik der Mitteleuropäischen Käfer'' commenced. Completed 1974. ;1942 * Woodhouse, L. G. O. &

George Morrison Reid Henry George Morrison Reid Henry (17 February 1891, Sri Lanka – June 1983, England) was an entomologist and ornithologist in Sri Lanka. He was born at Goatfell Estate, Kandapola, Sri Lanka where his father, Charles Reid Henry, managed tea estates. He w ...

. ''The Butterfly Fauna of Ceylon''. Government Record Office, Colombo ;1943 * André Badonnel ''Faune de France. Psocoptères''. Paris. Paul Lechevalier 1943. * Leopold Fulmek ''Wirtsindex der Aleyrodiden- und Cocciden- Parasiten'' Entomologische Beihefte 10: 1–100. ;1944 *

Enrica Calabresi Enrica Calabresi (10 November 1891, in Ferrara – 20 January 1944, in Castelfiorentino) was an Italian zoologist, herpetologist, and entomologist. Her family was part of the Jewish community which has played an important role in Ferrara, continu ...

commits suicide in Florence. ;1945 *

Edmund Brisco Ford Edmund Brisco "Henry" Ford (23 April 1901 – 2 January 1988) was a British ecological geneticist. He was a leader among those British biologists who investigated the role of natural selection in nature. As a schoolboy Ford became interested i ...

''Butterflies'' published, seminal introduction to the study of butterflies and their genetics. * Cynthia Longfield The Odonata of South

Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...

.'' Arquivos do Museu Bocage'', 16, Lisboa. ;1946 * Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique founded. ;1947 * Carlo Alonza became director of the Muséum de Gênes. ;1949 *

Pierre-Paul Grassé Pierre-Paul Grassé (November 27, 1895 in Périgueux (Dordogne) – July 9, 1985) was a French zoologist, writer of over 300 publications including the influential 52-volume ''Traité de Zoologie''. He was an expert on termites and one of the las ...

ed.

Traité de Zoologie The , complete title popularly known as is a 52 volume synthesis of Zoology published between 1948 and 1979 originally under the direction of Pierre-Paul Grassé. A new edition commenced in 1980. The books were not published in order, and some pro ...

Tome IX. Insectes. Paris, 1949. 1118 p. ;1950 * Maynard Jack Ramsay becomes Port Entomologist on Staten Island. * Mahadeva Subramania Mani founded the School of Entomology at

Agra Agra (, ) is a city on the banks of the Yamuna river in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, about south-east of the national capital New Delhi and 330 km west of the state capital Lucknow. With a population of roughly 1.6 million, Agra i ...

, India. ;1951 * Work on

sterile insect technique The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a method of biological insect control, whereby overwhelming numbers of sterile insects are released into the wild. The released insects are preferably male, as this is more cost-effective and the females ma ...

begun by American entomologists Raymond Bushland and Edward Knipling. For their achievement, they jointly received the 1992

World Food Prize The World Food Prize is an international award recognizing the achievements of individuals who have advanced human development by improving the quality, quantity, or availability of food in the world. Conceived by Nobel Peace Prize laureate Nor ...

. * Sakae Tamura ''Konchū no seitai: Raika shashinshū'' (昆虫の生態：ライカ写眞集) or Closeups on Insects. Tokyo: Seibundo-Shinkosha * Torkel Weis-Fogh pioneered studies of insect flight with

August Krogh Schack August Steenberg Krogh (15 November 1874 – 13 September 1949) was a Danish professor at the department of zoophysiology at the University of Copenhagen from 1916 to 1945. He contributed a number of fundamental discoveries within severa ...

. ;1952 * Bernard Kettlewell begins research into the influence of industrial melanism on natural selection in moths. *

Crodowaldo Pavan Crodowaldo Pavan (; December 1, 1919 – April 3, 2009) was a Brazilian biologist and geneticist, and a scientific leader in Brazil. Early life Pavan was born to a family of second-generation immigrants from Italy in 1919, in the city of Campi ...

introduced into biology the cytogenetical study of ''

Rhynchosciara americana ''Rhynchosciara americana'' is a species of fly. It has a life cycle of approximately 70 days, and the sibling larvae show a synchronized development. The larvae can reach one inch in length, and the adult fly is about 0.8 inch (20 mm). ...

''. ;1953 *

Willi Hennig Emil Hans Willi Hennig (20 April 1913 – 5 November 1976) was a German biologist and zoologist who is considered the founder of phylogenetic systematics, otherwise known as cladistics. In 1945 as a prisoner of war, Hennig began work on his the ...

publishes ''Grundzüge einer Theorie der phylogenetischen Systematik''in

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and List of cities in Germany by population, largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European Union by population within ci ...

. This was followed by ''Kritische Bemerkungen zum phylogenetischen System der Insekten'' in 1953 and Phylogenetic Systematics in 1966. In these works, Hennig founded

cladistics Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (" clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived cha ...

. * Sydney Skaife ''African Insect Life'' published. *''Catalogue illustré des lucanides du globe'' in Encyclopédie Entomologique (series A 27: 1-223) by Robert Didier and

Eugene Seguy Eugene may refer to: People and fictional characters * Eugene (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name * Eugene (actress) (born 1981), Kim Yoo-jin, South Korean actress and former member of the sin ...

published. ;1954 * Grigorij Jakovlevitsch Bey-Bienko ''Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae. Fauna SSSR''. ;1955 * World programme for

eradication begins. Finally abandoned 1969. * Roy Albert Crowson's ''The natural classification of the families of Coleoptera'' is published. This is a classic monograph. *

Alexey Diakonoff Alexey Nikolaievich Diakonoff (1 March 1907 – 20 September 1989), also transliterated as Alexej Nikolajewitsch Diakonoff, was a Russian–Dutch entomologist who specialised in Microlepidoptera. His parents immigrated to the Netherlands East ...

Microlepidoptera of New Guinea. Results of the third Archbold Expedition (American- Netherlands Indian Expedition 1938-1939). Part V. ''Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse'' published 15 years after the expedition. ;1957 * Clodoveo Carrión Mora dies in Ecuador. Mora was a leading figure entomology of 20th-century entomology in South America. ;1960 * Czesław Bieżanko publishes ''Álbum iconográfico dos Lepidópteros coletados por Biezanko. Papilionidae''. * Marta Grandi ''Ephemeroidea''. ''Fauna d'Italia'' ;1961 DNA123

* Genetic code is cracked. DNA was discovered by

Friedrich Miescher Johannes Friedrich Miescher (13 August 1844 – 26 August 1895) was a Swiss physician and biologist. He was the first scientist to isolate nucleic acid in 1869. He also identified protamine and made a number of other discoveries. Miescher had i ...

in 1868, recognized as the bearer of genetic information in 1943 and revealed as a double helix by Rosalind Franklin in 1952. This leads to radical revision of the higher taxonomy of the Insecta. ;1964 * Morris Rockstein's edited series — 3 vols. — ''The Physiology of Insecta'' * Takashi Shirozu ''Butterflies of Japan Illustrated in Colour'' published in Tokyo by Hokuryu-kan. ;1965 * Nikolai Sergeevich Borchsenius Essay on the classification of the armoured scale insects (Homoptera,

Coccoidea Scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha. Of dramatically variable appearance and extreme sexual dimorphism, they comprise the infraorder Coccomorpha which is considered a more convenient grouping than t ...

, Diaspididae). (In Russian.) ''Entomologicheskoe Obozrenye'' 44: 208–214. ;1966 * First international Red Lists of endangered species were published. ;1967 *

Richard E. Blackwelder Richard Eliot Blackwelder (January 29, 1909 − January 17, 2001) was an American biologist, professor and author specializing in entomology and taxonomy. After a distinguished professional career, he retired in 1977, and in 1978 he discovered t ...

''Taxonomy: a Text and Reference Book'' John. Wiley and Sons, New York, published. ;1968 * David Allan Young ''Taxonomic Study of the Cicadellinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae'') commenced. Finished 1986. ;1969 * Reg Chapman's textbook appears — ''The Insects-Structure and Function''. American Elsevier, N.Y. * International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology established. ;1971 * Maximilian Fischer ''Index of

Entomophagous Entomophagy (, from Greek ἔντομον ', 'insect', and φαγεῖν ', 'to eat') is the practice of eating insects. An alternative term is insectivory. Terms for organisms that practice entomophagy are ''entomophage'' and ''insectivore' ...

Insects''. Le Francois, Paris. ;1973 *

Karl von Frisch Karl Ritter von Frisch, (20 November 1886 – 12 June 1982) was a German-Austrian ethologist who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1973, along with Nikolaas Tinbergen and Konrad Lorenz. His work centered on investigations o ...

awarded

Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...

for pioneering work on insect behaviour. *

Warwick Estevam Kerr Warwick Estevam Kerr (9 September 1922 – 15 September 2018) was a Brazilian agricultural engineer, geneticist, entomologist, professor and scientific leader, notable for his discoveries in the genetics and sex determination of bees. The Africa ...

Evolution of the population structure in bees. ''Genetics'' 79: 73–84. ;1976 * Anastase Alfieri ''The Coleoptera of Egypt'' published. ;1981 * Robert Michael Pyle published The National Audubon Society ''Field Guide to North American Butterflies''. Knopf. ;1981 * CESA Centre for Entomological Studies Ankara An international private research centre and museum on Entomology established by Ahmet Omer Kocak in Ankara, Turkey. ;1984 * Árpád Soós and Lazlo Papp begin editing ''Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera''.1984 - 1992. * Justin O. Schmidt publishes first paper on the

Schmidt Sting Pain Index The Schmidt sting pain index is a pain scale rating the relative pain caused by different hymenopteran stings. It is mainly the work of Justin O. Schmidt (born 1947), an entomologist at the Carl Hayden Bee Research Center in Arizona, United Sta ...

. ;1985 * Murray S. Blum ''Fundamentals of Insect Physiology''. New York: Wiley, 1985. * Gerald A. Kerkut and L. I. Gilbert ''Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry & Pharmacology''. ;1987 * Stephen Taber III ''Breeding Super Bee''. Ohio: AI Root Co, 1987. ;1989 * Forensic entomologist Mark Benecke joins the punk rock band "Die Blonden Burschen", The Blonde Boys. Many past entomologists were also musical. ;1990 Golden insect 01 Pengo

Bert Hölldobler Berthold Karl Hölldobler (born 25 June 1936) is a German sociobiologist and evolutionary biologist who studies evolution and social organization in ants. He is the author of several books, including ''The Ants'', for which he and his co-author, ...

and

E. O. Wilson Edward Osborne Wilson (June 10, 1929 – December 26, 2021) was an American biologist, naturalist, entomologist and writer. According to David Attenborough, Wilson was the world's leading expert in his specialty of myrmecology, the study of an ...

publish The Ants''.'' The following year, it will be the only entomology textbook to win the Pulitzer Prize for non-fiction. * Low cost Scanning electron microscope came into general use ;1991 * Naumann, I. D., P. B. Carne, J. F. Lawrence, E. S. Nielsen, J. P. Spradberry, R. W. Taylor, M. J. Whitten and M. J. Littlejohn, eds. The Insects of Australia: A Textbook for Students and Research Workers. Volume I and II. Second Edition. Carlton, Victoria, Melbourne University Press. ;1993 * Edward Grumbine, ''Ghost Bears: Exploring the Biodiversity Crisis'' reflects growing concerns. Insects are major indicators of environmental destruction and impending mass extinction. ;1994 * Hoy, M. ''Insect molecular genetics''. An introduction to principles and applications. * Vladimir Nikolayevich Beklemishev Методология систематики (Methodology of systematics).KMK Scientific Press Ltd. ;1995 * Yuri Petrovich Korshunov and Pavel Yunievich Gorbunov ''Butterflies of the Urals, Siberia and Far East'' published. ;1996 * Microcosmos released in France. ;1997 * Perry Adkisson receives

for his work on

Integrated Pest Management Integrated pest management (IPM), also known as integrated pest control (IPC) is a broad-based approach that integrates both chemical and non-chemical practices for economic control of pests. IPM aims to suppress pest populations below the econ ...

. ;1998 *

Paul R. Ehrlich Paul Ralph Ehrlich (born May 29, 1932) is an American biologist known for his warnings about the consequences of population growth and limited resources. He is the Bing Professor Emeritus of Population Studies of the Department of Biology of St ...

publishes ''Betrayal of Science and Reason: How Anti-Environment Rhetoric Threatens Our Future'' (1998, co-authored with his wife) *

Phylocode The ''International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature'', known as the ''PhyloCode'' for short, is a formal set of rules governing phylogenetic nomenclature. Its current version is specifically designed to regulate the naming of clades, leaving the ...

proposed following a meeting at

. ;1999 * Ebbe Schmidt Nielsen instrumental in setting up the

Global Biodiversity Information Facility The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) is an international organisation that focuses on making scientific data on biodiversity available via the Internet using web services. The data are provided by many institutions from around the ...

;2000 *

Loïc Matile Loïc Henri Marcel Matile (26 June 1938 – 10 June 2000, in Paris) was a French entomologist who specialised in Diptera (Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Keroplatidae, Lygistorrhinidae, Mycetophilidae). Matile worked at the Muséum national d'hist ...

''Diptères d'Europe Occidentale'' Tomes 1 and 2 ''Atlas d'Entomologie''.Editions N. Boubée.Paris. ;2001 * First volume of '' American Beetles'' published.

Ross H. Arnett, Jr. Ross Harold Arnett Jr. (April 13, 1919 – July 16, 1999) was an American entomologist noted for his studies of beetles, and as founder of the ''Coleopterist's Bulletin''. Born in Medina, New York, he was a star student at Cornell University, wher ...

and Michael C. Thomas. ;2002 *

Alex Rasnitsyn Alexandr Pavlovich Rasnitsyn (Russian: Александр Павлович Расницын) is a Russian entomologist, expert in palaeoentomology, and Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation (2001). His scientific interests are centered on ...

with D.L.J. Quicke ''History of Insects''. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ;2004 * Gilbert, L.I. (ed.). 2004. ''Comprehensive molecular insect science'', 7 vols. Elsevier Pergamon, published in St. Louis * A paper in ''

Science Science is a systematic endeavor that Scientific method, builds and organizes knowledge in the form of Testability, testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earli ...

'' found that ''

Culex pipiens ''Culex pipiens'', commonly referred to as the common house mosquito, is a species of mosquito. House mosquitoes are some of the most common mosquitoes in the United States. More specifically, ''Culex pipiens'' is considered as the northern hous ...

'' mosquitoes existed in two populations in Europe, one which bites birds and one which bites humans. In North America 40% of ''Culex pipiens'' were found to be hybrids of the two types which bite both birds and humans, providing a vector for

West Nile virus West Nile virus (WNV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes West Nile fever. It is a member of the family '' Flaviviridae'', from the genus '' Flavivirus'', which also contains the Zika virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus. The v ...

. This is thought to provide an explanation of why the West Nile disease has spread more quickly in North America than Europe. ;2005 * The Insect Biocontrol Laboratory at the

Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center The Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), also known as the National Agricultural Research Center, is a unit of the United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service. It is located in unincorporat ...

in the United States develops

DNA fingerprinting DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's DNA characteristics. DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called DNA barcoding. DNA profiling is a forensic tec ...

tools that match hard-to-identify

larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. ...

e to adults that have been positively identified. * Michael S. Engel and David Grimaldi ''Evolution of the Insects'' published.

See also