Tim Birkhead

Timothy Robert Birkhead One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: (born 1950) is a British ornithologist. He has been Professor of Behaviour and Evolution at the University of Sheffield since 1976.

Education

Birkhead was awarded a Bachelor's degree in Biology from Newcastle University in 1972, followed by a Doctor of Philosophy degree from University of Oxford in 1976 for research on the breeding biology and survival of guillemots ''Uria aalge'' supervised by E.K. Dunn and Chris Perrins. He was subsequently awarded a Doctor of Science from Newcastle in 1989.

Research and career

Birkhead's research on promiscuity in birds redefined the mating systems of birds. Focusing initially on the adaptive significance of male promiscuity and female promiscuity, he later switched to the study of mechanisms and resolved the mechanisms of sperm competition in birds. He provided some of the first evidence of: cryptic female choice in birds; strategic sperm allocation, and he also provided the first estimates of the quantitative genetics of sperm traits in birds.

Birkhead's research also resolved the issue of polyspermy in birds and provided the first evidence for morphological sperm selection in the female reproductive tract. His long term study of the population biology of common guillemots on the island of Skomer off Wales has run since 1972, and is currently in need of support.

His recent research is on the adaptive significance of egg shape in birds, including the common guillemot whose pyriform egg has long been thought to allow it to either spin-like- a-top or roll-in-an-arc to prevent it rolling off the cliff ledge. However, there is no evidence for either of these ideas. Instead, Birkhead and colleagues have identified the main advantage of a pyriform shape: stability. The pyriform shape makes the egg inherently more stable, especially on the sloping surfaces on which guillemots commonly breed.

Publications

* Nettleship, D. N. & Birkhead, T. R. (eds) (1985) ''The Atlantic Alcidae''. Academic Press. pp 574.
* Birkhead, T. R. & Møller, A. P. (1992). ''Sperm Competition in Birds: Evolutionary Causes and Consequences.'' Academic Press. pp. 280.
* Birkhead, T. R. & Moller A. P. (eds) (1998) ''Sperm Competition and Sexual Selection''. Academic Press. pp 826.
* Birkhead, T. R., Hosken, D. & Pitnick, S. (eds) (2009). ''Sperm Biology: An Evolutionary Perspective''. London: Academic Press. pp 642.
* Birkhead, T. R. (ed) (2016). ''Virtuoso by Nature: the Scientific Worlds of Francis Willughby FRS (1635-1672)''. Brill. pp 439.
* Promiscuity: An Evolutionary History of Sperm Competition
* ''Promiscuity'' (Faber & Faber 2000), which makes the concept of post-copulatory sexual selection accessible to the non-specialist.
* ''Ten Thousand Birds: Ornithology since Darwin'' (Princeton 2014) (with J. Wimpenny and R. Montgomerie), won the USA Prose Award. PROSE Award (American Publishers Awards for Professional and Scholarly Excellence) for the best book in 2014 in the History of Science, Medicine and Technology category; CHOICE (magazine of the American Library Association) list of Outstanding Academic Titles, 2014 in Zoology; Runner-up for BB/BTO Best Bird Book of 2014.
* ''The red canary: the story of the first genetically engineered animal'', Phoenix, 2004, describes the power of selective breeding and the how the interaction between professional scientist and an amateur bird-keeper created the red canary. The book won the Consul Cremer Prize (2003).
* ; Bloomsbury Publishing, 2011, The book describes how we know what we know about the biology of birds, focussing on evolutionary explanations. The Wisdom of Birds won the Best Bird book of the Year Award (2009) from the British Trust for Ornithology and British Birds.
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* ''Ten Thousand Birds: Ornithology since Darwin'', Princeton University Press, 2011,
* ''Bird Sense: What it Is Like to Be a Bird'', Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2012, was rated best natural history book of 2012 by the Independent and Guardian Newspapers, and was awarded a Best Bird Book of 2012 prize by British Birds and the British Trust for Ornithology, and was short-listed for the Royal Society Winton Book Prize in 2013.
* ''The Most Perfect Thing: the Inside (and Outside) of a Bird's Egg'', Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2016, short-listed for the Royal Society Insight Investment Science Book Prize (2016), and winner of the Zoological Society of London's 2017 prize for communicating zoology. David Attenborough described it as ‘Magnificent: science without any high falutin’ technology’.
* ''The Wonderful Mr Willughby: the first True Ornithologist,'' Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2018,

Teaching

Birkhead has combined his enthusiasm for research with a passion for undergraduate teaching. He has taught courses on ecology, evolution, statistics, birds, behavioural ecology, animal behaviour and the history and philosophy of science. His teaching has been recognised by four awards, including a National Teaching Fellowship in 2017.

Biology of Spermatozoa

Starting in 1992 and continuing until 2015 (when he handed over to a steering group) Birkhead organised (with Professor Harry Moore) a small (~60) biennial meeting on reproductive biology in the Peak District National Park known as Biology of Spermatozoa (BoS). Delegates are from a diverse range of backgrounds and include clinicians, reproductive physiologists, andrologists, theoreticians and evolutionary biologists. The format and interdisciplinary nature of the meeting was successful in terms of exchanging ideas, techniques and establishing collaborations.

Media and Outreach

Between 2002 and 2010 Birkhead had a monthly column in ''Times Higher Education''. His articles were concerned with various aspects of higher education: undergraduate teaching, administration and, occasionally, research.

He has written for ''The Guardian'', ''The Independent'', the BBC
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