Thomas Archer (1668–1743) was an
English Baroque
English Baroque is a term used to refer to modes of English architecture that paralleled Baroque architecture in continental Europe between the Great Fire of London (1666) and roughly 1720, when the flamboyant and dramatic qualities of Baroque ...
architect
An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...
, whose work is somewhat overshadowed by that of his
contemporaries Sir
John Vanbrugh and
Nicholas Hawksmoor
Nicholas Hawksmoor (probably 1661 – 25 March 1736) was an English architect. He was a leading figure of the English Baroque style of architecture in the late-seventeenth and early-eighteenth centuries. Hawksmoor worked alongside the principa ...
. His buildings are important as the only ones by an English Baroque architect to show evidence of study of contemporary continental, namely Italian, architecture.
Life
Archer spent his youth at
Umberslade Hall
Umberslade Hall is a 17th-century mansion converted into residential apartments situated in Nuthurst near Tanworth-in-Arden, Warwickshire. It is a Grade II* listed building.
The Archer family were granted the manor of Umberslade by Henry II ...
in
Tanworth-in-Arden
Tanworth-in-Arden (; often abbreviated to Tanworth) is a small village and civil parish in the county of Warwickshire, England. It is southeast of Birmingham and northeast of Redditch, and is administered by Stratford-on-Avon District Council ...
in
Warwickshire
Warwickshire (; abbreviated Warks) is a county in the West Midlands region of England. The county town is Warwick, and the largest town is Nuneaton. The county is famous for being the birthplace of William Shakespeare at Stratford-upon-Av ...
, the youngest son of
Thomas Archer, a country gentleman, Parliamentary Colonel and
Member of Parliament
A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members o ...
, and Ann Leigh, daughter of the London haberdasher, Richard Leigh. The exact date of Archer's birth is unknown, but can be inferred from the two documentary sources that mention his age. One is an entry in the Oxford University register recording his matriculation at Trinity College on 12 June 1686, aged 17; the other, his epitaph, survives in the parish church of Hale, Hampshire. If these records are accurate, he must have been born between 12 June 1668 and 22 May 1669. Thomas is the only one of the Archer children not to have his birth recorded in the Tamworth-in-Arden parish register, which suggests he may have been born elsewhere. He attended
Trinity College, Oxford
(That which you wish to be secret, tell to nobody)
, named_for = The Holy Trinity
, established =
, sister_college = Churchill College, Cambridge
, president = Dame Hilary Boulding
, location = Broad Street, Oxford OX1 3BH
, coordinates ...
, from which he matriculated on 12 June 1686. After leaving university, he went on a
Grand Tour
The Grand Tour was the principally 17th- to early 19th-century custom of a traditional trip through Europe, with Italy as a key destination, undertaken by upper-class young European men of sufficient means and rank (typically accompanied by a tut ...
, spending four years abroad and was influenced by the work of
Bernini and
Borromini.
Churches
Among Archer's churches was
St John Evangelist, Westminster, suggestive of Hawksmoor's baroque influence. Its four towers were originally built to stabilise subsidence. Historians believed that was more likely than following Sir John Vanbrgh's style. Built in 1750,
St Paul's, Deptford
St Paul's, Deptford, is one of London's finest Baroque parish churches, cited as "one of the most moving C18 churches in London" in the ''Buildings of England'' series. It was designed by gentleman architect Thomas Archer and built between 171 ...
, sweeping semi-circular porticos were not copied for a century until Smirke's magnificent church at St Mary's, Bryanston Square that dominated the street. At
St Philip's, Birmingham, now Birmingham Cathedral there was a strong sense of the Italianate Lombardic influences of High Baroque style of churches: ornate, high ceilings, with cupola and dome. External to St Philips is the roof balustrade quite unusual in English church architecture. St John's and St Paul's were both built for the
Commission for Building Fifty New Churches. John Summerson said these two buildings "represent the most advanced Baroque style ever attempted in England". According to the minutes of the Commissioners, Archer also "improved" Hawksmoor's designs for
St Alfege's at Greenwich, although the nature of the improvements, or whether they were implemented, is unknown.
[ Downes suggests the use of the giant order of pilasters around the church may have been Archer's idea.]
At
Hale
Hale may refer to:
Places Australia
*Hale, Northern Territory, a locality
*Hale River, in southeastern Northern Territory
Canada
*Hale, Ontario, in Algoma District United Kingdom
* Hale, Cumbria, a hamlet near Beetham, Cumbria
*Hale, Greater Man ...
, Hampshire, he remodelled St Mary's Church, which also contains his memorial, carved by
Sir Henry Cheere
Sir Henry Cheere, 1st Baronet (1703 – 15 January 1781) was a renowned English sculptor and monumental mason.George Edward Cokayne, ed., ''The Complete Baronetage'', 5 volumes (no date, c.1900); reprint, (Gloucester: Alan Sutton Publishing, 1983), ...
to Archer's own design.
Secular works
Archer's secular works included
Roehampton House
Roehampton House is a Grade I listed house at Roehampton Lane, Roehampton, London.
What is now the central block of the current building was built between 1710 and 1712 by the architect Thomas Archer and named Roehampton House. It was built on b ...
in Surrey,
Welford Park Welford may refer to:
Places
;Australia
* Welford National Park
;England
*Welford, Berkshire
**RAF Welford
** Welford Park
*Welford, Northamptonshire
**Welford Reservoir
**Welford Road Stadium
Welford Road (currently known as Mattioli Woods ...
in
Berkshire, and the Cascade House and the west front and broadly bowed pilastered north front at
Chatsworth House. In 1709–11 Archer designed a Baroque garden pavilion for
Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent
Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent, KG, PC (16715 June 1740) was a British politician and courtier. None of his sons outlived him, so his new title became extinct on his death. Though the house he built at Wrest Park in Bedfordshire has gone, parts ...
at
Wrest Park,
Silsoe,
Bedfordshire
Bedfordshire (; abbreviated Beds) is a ceremonial county in the East of England. The county has been administered by three unitary authorities, Borough of Bedford, Central Bedfordshire and Borough of Luton, since Bedfordshire County Council ...
. After 1712 Archer designed
Hurstbourne Priors
Hurstbourne Priors is a small village and civil parish in the Basingstoke and Deane district of Hampshire, England. Its nearest town is Whitchurch, which lies approximately 1.8 miles (3.1 km) north-east from the village.
The church of St An ...
in
Hampshire
Hampshire (, ; abbreviated to Hants) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in western South East England on the coast of the English Channel. Home to two major English cities on its south coast, Southampton and Portsmouth, Hampshire ...
for
John Wallop (later
Earl of Portsmouth
Earl of Portsmouth is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1743 for John Wallop, 1st Viscount Lymington, who had previously represented Hampshire in the House of Commons. He had already been created Baron Wallop, of Fa ...
).
He was a founding governor of the
Foundling Hospital in London in 1739, but was not involved in the construction of the resulting building, completed c. 1750. The architect for that project was
Theodore Jacobsen
Theodore Jacobsen (died 1772) was an English merchant in London, known also as an architect.
Life
Jacobsen was a merchant in Basinghall Street, London. He was the London-born son of Sir Jacob Jacobsen, a north German merchant, of a family closel ...
.
Documented works
*
Chatsworth House, North front,
Derbyshire
Derbyshire ( ) is a ceremonial county in the East Midlands, England. It includes much of the Peak District National Park, the southern end of the Pennine range of hills and part of the National Forest. It borders Greater Manchester to the nor ...
, c. 1705
*
Heythrop Hall
Heythrop Park is a Grade II* listed early 18th-century country house southeast of Heythrop in Oxfordshire. It was designed by the architect Thomas Archer in the Baroque style for Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury. A fire in 1831 destroyed th ...
,
Oxfordshire, c. 1705
*
St Philip's, Birmingham, 1708–1715
*Garden pavilion,
Wrest Park,
Bedfordshire
Bedfordshire (; abbreviated Beds) is a ceremonial county in the East of England. The county has been administered by three unitary authorities, Borough of Bedford, Central Bedfordshire and Borough of Luton, since Bedfordshire County Council ...
, 1709–1711
*
Roehampton House
Roehampton House is a Grade I listed house at Roehampton Lane, Roehampton, London.
What is now the central block of the current building was built between 1710 and 1712 by the architect Thomas Archer and named Roehampton House. It was built on b ...
,
Surrey, 1712
*
Cliveden House, Service pavilions and the quadrant colonnades,
Buckinghamshire
*
Hurstbourne Priors
Hurstbourne Priors is a small village and civil parish in the Basingstoke and Deane district of Hampshire, England. Its nearest town is Whitchurch, which lies approximately 1.8 miles (3.1 km) north-east from the village.
The church of St An ...
,
Hampshire
Hampshire (, ; abbreviated to Hants) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in western South East England on the coast of the English Channel. Home to two major English cities on its south coast, Southampton and Portsmouth, Hampshire ...
, 1712
*
St John’s, Smith Square, London, 1713–1728
*
St. Paul's, Deptford, 1712–1730
*
Hale Park,
Hampshire
Hampshire (, ; abbreviated to Hants) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in western South East England on the coast of the English Channel. Home to two major English cities on its south coast, Southampton and Portsmouth, Hampshire ...
, 1715
*St Mary’s Church, additions,
Hale
Hale may refer to:
Places Australia
*Hale, Northern Territory, a locality
*Hale River, in southeastern Northern Territory
Canada
*Hale, Ontario, in Algoma District United Kingdom
* Hale, Cumbria, a hamlet near Beetham, Cumbria
*Hale, Greater Man ...
, Hampshire, 1717
*
Harcourt House, Cavendish Square,
London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
, 1722
Hale Park the house Archer designed for himself.
Attributed works
*
Welford Park Welford may refer to:
Places
;Australia
* Welford National Park
;England
*Welford, Berkshire
**RAF Welford
** Welford Park
*Welford, Northamptonshire
**Welford Reservoir
**Welford Road Stadium
Welford Road (currently known as Mattioli Woods ...
, remodelling of house,
Berkshire, 1700
*
Chicheley Hall
Chicheley Hall, Chicheley, Buckinghamshire, England is a country house built in the first quarter of the 18th century. The client was Sir John Chester, the main architect was Francis Smith of Warwick and the architectural style is Baroque. Later ...
,
Buckinghamshire, c. 1703
*Parish church, chancel,
Chicheley
Chicheley is a village and civil parishes in England, civil parish in the Unitary authorities in England, unitary authority area of the City of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. The village is about north-east of Newport Pagnell.
The ...
, 1708
*
Addiscombe House,
Croydon
Croydon is a large town in south London, England, south of Charing Cross. Part of the London Borough of Croydon, a local government district of Greater London. It is one of the largest commercial districts in Greater London, with an extensi ...
,
Surrey, c. 1703
*
Monmouth House
Monmouth House was a 17th-century mansion in Soho Square (then called King’s Square) built for the Duke of Monmouth, the oldest illegitimate son of King Charles II. After the Duke's execution for attempting to lead a rebellion against the unpo ...
, Soho Square,
London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
, 1703
*
Russell House, King Street,
Covent Garden,
London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
, c. 1704
*Cascade House,
Chatsworth House,
Derbyshire
Derbyshire ( ) is a ceremonial county in the East Midlands, England. It includes much of the Peak District National Park, the southern end of the Pennine range of hills and part of the National Forest. It borders Greater Manchester to the nor ...
, 1705
*Hill House, Cain Hill,
Wrest Park,
Bedfordshire
Bedfordshire (; abbreviated Beds) is a ceremonial county in the East of England. The county has been administered by three unitary authorities, Borough of Bedford, Central Bedfordshire and Borough of Luton, since Bedfordshire County Council ...
, c. 1710, demolished
*
Bramham Park
Bramham Park is a Grade I listed 18th-century country house in Bramham, between Leeds and Wetherby, in West Yorkshire, England.
The house, constructed of magnesian limestone ashlar with stone slate roofs in a classical style, is built to a li ...
,
Yorkshire
Yorkshire ( ; abbreviated Yorks), formally known as the County of York, is a historic county in northern England and by far the largest in the United Kingdom. Because of its large area in comparison with other English counties, functions have ...
, c. 1710
*
Kingston Maurward,
Dorset
Dorset ( ; archaically: Dorsetshire , ) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The ceremonial county comprises the unitary authority areas of Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole and Dorset. Covering an area of , ...
, 1717–1720
*
Marlow Place,
Buckinghamshire, 1720
*
Chettle House
Chettle House is a Grade I listed country manor house with Queen Anne style architecture in Chettle, North Dorset, England, about northeast of the town of Blandford Forum. It was built in 1710 for George Chafin, to designs of the architect Thom ...
,
Dorset
Dorset ( ; archaically: Dorsetshire , ) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The ceremonial county comprises the unitary authority areas of Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole and Dorset. Covering an area of , ...
, c. 1730
*Monument to Susannah Thomas,
Hampton Church,
Middlesex
Middlesex (; abbreviation: Middx) is a historic county in southeast England. Its area is almost entirely within the wider urbanised area of London and mostly within the ceremonial county of Greater London, with small sections in neighbour ...
, c. 1731
*Archer Memorial, St Mary’s Church,
Hale
Hale may refer to:
Places Australia
*Hale, Northern Territory, a locality
*Hale River, in southeastern Northern Territory
Canada
*Hale, Ontario, in Algoma District United Kingdom
* Hale, Cumbria, a hamlet near Beetham, Cumbria
*Hale, Greater Man ...
,
Hampshire
Hampshire (, ; abbreviated to Hants) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in western South East England on the coast of the English Channel. Home to two major English cities on its south coast, Southampton and Portsmouth, Hampshire ...
*Thomas Archer (his father) monument, St Mary Magdalene Church,
Tanworth-in-Arden
Tanworth-in-Arden (; often abbreviated to Tanworth) is a small village and civil parish in the county of Warwickshire, England. It is southeast of Birmingham and northeast of Redditch, and is administered by Stratford-on-Avon District Council ...
,
Warwickshire
Warwickshire (; abbreviated Warks) is a county in the West Midlands region of England. The county town is Warwick, and the largest town is Nuneaton. The county is famous for being the birthplace of William Shakespeare at Stratford-upon-Av ...
Gallery
File:St Johns Concert Hall.jpg, St. John's, Smith Square
File:St john smith.jpg, St. John's, Smith Square
File:ArcherPavilion3.jpg, Thomas Archer's garden pavilion at Wrest Park, 2007
File:St Philips Cathedral, Birmingham from the east.jpg, St. Philip's Cathedral, Birmingham
File:St Phillips Cathedral -Birmingham -UK.jpg, St. Philip's Cathedral, Birmingham, west front
File:St Paul Deptford4.jpg, St Paul's Deptford
File:St Paul Deptford2.jpg, St Paul's Deptford, east side
File:St Paul Deptford3.jpg, St Paul's Deptford, north side
File:The Cascade Building Chatsworth House.jpg, Cascade House Chatsworth
File:Chatsworth House 05.jpg, Chatsworth North Front
File:Heythrop ParkFlip.jpg, Heythrop Hall
File:Bramham Park.jpg, Bramham Park
File:BranhamParkJonesViews1829.jpg, Bramham Park
File:Kingston Maurward 1.jpg, Kingston Maurward House
File:CliveGardenFrontVitruviusBritannicus edited.jpg, Cliveden House
File:Roehampton elev Vit Brit edited.jpg, Roehampton House
Notes
References
Further reading
*Andor Gomme, ‘Archer, Thomas (1668/9–1743)’, ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', (Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, January 2008
accessed 8 November 2008.
* Whiffen, Marcus:''Thomas Archer: Architect of the English Baroque'',
* Hennessey & Ingalls, Santa Monica 1973,
External links
Thomas Archer
{{DEFAULTSORT:Archer, Thomas
1668 births
1743 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford
18th-century English architects
English Baroque architects
English ecclesiastical architects
People from Tanworth-in-Arden
Architects of cathedrals
Thomas Archer buildings
Architects from Warwickshire