Third-party and independent members of the United States Congress are generally rare. Although the Republican Party and Democratic Party have dominated U.S. politics in a two-party system since 1856, some independents and members of other political parties have also been elected to Congress or changed their party affiliation to such during their term in office.

Senators

File:Kyrsten Sinema (cropped).jpg, alt=, Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona

Elected Elected may refer to: * "Elected" (song), by Alice Cooper, 1973 * ''Elected'' (EP), by Ayreon, 2008 *The Elected, an American indie rock band See also *Election An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a populatio ...

as a Democrat, switched to Independent in 2022. 2019-present File:Angus King, official portrait, 113th Congress.jpg, alt=,

Angus King Angus Stanley King Jr. (born March 31, 1944) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the junior United States senator from Maine since 2013. A political independent since 1993, he previously served as the 72nd governor of Maine from 19 ...

of Maine

as an Independent; caucuses with the Democrats 2013–Present File:Joe Lieberman official portrait 2 (cropped 2).jpg, alt=, Joe Lieberman of Connecticut Re-elected on the

Connecticut for Lieberman Connecticut for Lieberman was a Connecticut political party created by twenty-five supporters of Senator Joe Lieberman. The party was created to enable Lieberman to run for re-election following his defeat in the 2006 Connecticut Democratic pri ...

ticket after losing the 2006 Democratic nomination. 1989–2013 File:Bernie Sanders.jpg, alt=,

Bernie Sanders Bernard Sanders (born September8, 1941) is an American politician who has served as the junior United States senator from Vermont since 2007. He was the U.S. representative for the state's at-large congressional district from 1991 to 200 ...

of Vermont

as an Independent;

caucuses A caucus is a meeting of supporters or members of a specific political party or movement. The exact definition varies between different countries and political cultures. The term originated in the United States, where it can refer to a meeting ...

with the Democrats; Democratic Party member from 2015-2016 and 2019-2020 while running for President 2007–Present File:Dean Barkley.jpg, alt=,

Dean Barkley Dean Malcolm Barkley (born August 31, 1950) is an American attorney and politician who briefly served as a United States Senate, United States Senator from Minnesota from 2002 to 2003 as a member of the Independence Party of Minnesota. The foun ...

of Minnesota Appointed for Independence Party of Minnesota File:JeffordsJim(I-VT).jpg, alt=,

Jim Jeffords James Merrill Jeffords (May 11, 1934 – August 18, 2014) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a U.S. senator from Vermont. Sworn into the Senate in 1989, he served as a Republican until 2001, when he left the party to becom ...

of Vermont Switched from Republican to Independent in 2001 1989–2007 File:Robert C Smith.jpg, alt=, Bob Smith of New Hampshire Switched from Republican to Independent in 1999 but switched back to Republican in 2000 1990–2003 File:JamesLBuckley.jpg, alt=,

James L. Buckley James Lane Buckley (born March 9, 1923) is an American politician, jurist, and lawyer who currently serves as a senior judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Buckley served in the United States Senat ...

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * ...

as a

Conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization ...

, lost re-election as a Republican in 1976 1971–1977 File:Hbyrdjr.jpg, alt=,

Harry F. Byrd Jr. Harry Flood Byrd Jr. (December 20, 1914 – July 30, 2013) was an American orchardist, newspaper publisher and politician. He served in the Senate of Virginia and then represented Virginia in the United States Senate, succeeding his father, Harr ...

of Virginia Switched from Democratic to Independent in 1970 1965–1983 File:Wayne Morse.jpg, alt=,

Wayne Morse Wayne Lyman Morse (October 20, 1900 – July 22, 1974) was an American attorney and United States Senator from Oregon. Morse is well known for opposing his party's leadership and for his opposition to the Vietnam War on constitutional grounds. ...

of Oregon Switched from Republican to Independent in 1953, then to Democratic in 1955. 1945–1969 File:John E. Miller.jpg, alt=, John E. Miller of

Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the South Central United States. It is bordered by Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, and Texas and Oklahoma to the west. Its name is from the Osage la ...

Elected as an Independent, served as Democratic 1937–1941 File:ErnestLundeen.jpg, alt=, Ernest Lundeen of Minnesota

as Farmer-Labor 1937–1940 File:GeorgeWNorris.jpg, alt=, George W. Norris of Nebraska Switched from Republican to Independent in 1936 1913–1943 File:Elmer Austin Benson.jpg, alt=, Elmer Austin Benson of Minnesota Elected as Farmer-Labor 1935–1936 File:RMLaFolletteJr.jpg, alt=,

Robert M. La Follette Robert Marion "Fighting Bob" La Follette Sr. (June 14, 1855June 18, 1925), was an American lawyer and politician. He represented Wisconsin in both chambers of Congress and served as the 20th Governor of Wisconsin. A Republican for most of his ...

of Wisconsin Switched from Republican to

Progressive Progressive may refer to: Politics * Progressivism, a political philosophy in support of social reform ** Progressivism in the United States, the political philosophy in the American context * Progressive realism, an American foreign policy pa ...

in 1934, then back to Republican in 1946 1925–1947 File:MagnusJohnson.jpg, alt=,

Magnus Johnson Magnus Johnson (September 19, 1871September 13, 1936) was an American farmer and politician. He served in the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives from Minnesota as a member of the Farmer–Labor Party. Johnson is the o ...

of Minnesota Elected as Farmer-Labor 1923–1925 File:Sen. Henrik Shipstead LCCN2016848354 (cropped).jpg, alt=,

Henrik Shipstead Henrik Shipstead (January 8, 1881June 26, 1960) was an American politician. He served in the United States Senate from 1923 to 1947, from the state of Minnesota. He served first as a member of the Minnesota Farmer-Labor Party from 1923 to 1941 a ...

of Minnesota Elected as Farmer-Labor, switched to Republican in 1940 1923–1947 File:MilesPoindexter.jpg, alt=, Miles Poindexter of

Washington Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A metonym for the federal government of the United States ** Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered o ...

Switched from Republican to

in 1912, switched back to Republican in 1915 1911–1923 File:Joseph M. Dixon.jpg, alt=,

Joseph M. Dixon Joseph Moore Dixon (July 31, 1867May 22, 1934) was an American History of the Republican Party (United States), Republican politician from Montana. He served as a U.S. House of Representatives, Representative, United States Senate, Senator, and th ...

of Montana Switched from Republican to

in 1912 1907–1913 File:Henry Heitfeld (senator).jpg, alt=,

Henry Heitfeld Henry Heitfeld (January 12, 1859October 21, 1938) was an American politician. A Populist, he served as a United States Senator from Idaho. Early life Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Heitfeld attended public and private schools there. He moved ...

Idaho Idaho ( ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. To the north, it shares a small portion of the Canada–United States border with the province of British Columbia. It borders the states of Montana and Wyomi ...

Elected as a Populist 1897–1903 File:Senator William A. Harris as a Member of the 55th US Congress.jpeg, alt=, William Alexander Harris of Kansas Elected as a Populist 1897–1903 File:Henry Moore Teller.png, alt=,

Henry Moore Teller Henry Moore Teller (May 23, 1830February 23, 1914) was an American politician from Colorado, serving as a US senator between 1876–1882 and 1885–1909, also serving as Secretary of the Interior between 1882 and 1885. He strongly opposed the Da ...

Colorado Colorado (, other variants) is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains, as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the ...

Switched from Republican to

Silver Republican The Silver Republican Party, later known as the Lincoln Republican Party, was a United States political party from 1896 to 1901. It was so named because it split from the Republican Party by supporting free silver (effectively, expansionary moneta ...

in 1896, then to Democratic in 1903 1876–1909 File:Freddubois.jpg, alt=,

Fred Dubois Fred Thomas Dubois (May 29, 1851February 14, 1930) was a controversial American politician from Idaho who served two terms in the United States Senate. He was best known for his opposition to the gold standard and his efforts to disenfranchise M ...

Switched from Republican to

in 1896 1891–1897 File:Frank Jenne Cannon.jpg, alt=, Frank J. Cannon of Utah Switched from Republican to

in 1896 1896–1899 File:RichardFPettigrew.jpg, alt=, Richard F. Pettigrew of South Dakota Switched from Republican to

in 1896 1889–1901 File:Lee Mantle U.S. Senator from Montana (1895) by James Presley Ball (Detail).jpg, alt=,

Lee Mantle Lee Mantle (December 13, 1851November 18, 1934) was an American businessman and politician from Montana. A Republican, he was most notable for his service as a United States Senator from 1895 to 1899. Mantle was born in Birmingham, England o ...

of Montana Switched from Republican to

in 1896 1895–1899 File:Senator John P Jones as a Member of the 55th US Congress.jpg, alt=, John P. Jones of Nevada Switched from Republican to Silver in 1895, then back to Republican in 1901 1873–1903 File:William M. Stewart - Brady-Handy.jpg, alt=,

William Morris Stewart William Morris Stewart (August 9, 1827April 23, 1909) was an American lawyer and politician. In 1964, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum. Personal Stewart was born in Wayne County, ...

of Nevada Switched from Republican to Silver in 1893, then back to Republican in 1901 1887–1905 File:ALLEN, William Vincent.jpg, alt=, William V. Allen of Nebraska Elected as a Populist 1893–1901 File:James Henderson Kyle.jpg, alt=, James H. Kyle of South Dakota Elected as a Populist 1891–1901 File:Marion Butler.jpg, alt=, Marion Butler of North Carolina Elected as a Populist 1895–1901 File:William A. Peffer.jpg, alt=, William A. Peffer of Kansas Elected as a Populist 1891–1897 File:Harrison H. Riddleberger - Brady-Handy.jpg, alt=,

Harrison H. Riddleberger Harrison Holt Riddleberger (October 4, 1843January 24, 1890) was a Virginia lawyer, newspaper editor and politician from Shenandoah County. A Confederate States Army officer who at various times aligned with the Conservative Party of Virginia ...

of Virginia Elected as a Readjuster 1883–1889 File:William Mahone.jpg, alt=,

William Mahone William Mahone (December 1, 1826October 8, 1895) was an American civil engineer, railroad executive, Confederate States Army general, and Virginia politician. As a young man, Mahone was prominent in the building of Virginia's roads and railro ...

of Virginia Elected as a Readjuster 1881–1887 File:DDavis.jpg, alt=, David Davis of Illinois Elected as an Independent 1877–1883 File:Newton Booth - Brady-Handy.jpg, alt=, Newton Booth of California Elected as an Anti-Monopolist, served as an Ind. Republican 1875–1881 File:Orris S. Ferry - Brady-Handy.jpg, alt=, Orris S. Ferry of Connecticut Elected as a Liberal Republican in 1872 1867–1875 File:Morgan C. Hamilton - Brady-Handy.jpg, alt=, Morgan C. Hamilton of Texas Switched from Republican to Liberal Republican in 1872, switched back to Republican in 1875 1870–1877 File:Charles Sumner 1855 BPL-crop.jpg, alt=,

Charles Sumner Charles Sumner (January 6, 1811March 11, 1874) was an American statesman and United States Senator from Massachusetts. As an academic lawyer and a powerful orator, Sumner was the leader of the anti-slavery forces in the state and a leader of th ...

of Massachusetts Elected as Free Soil Democratic in 1851, became a Republican in 1855, then became a Liberal Republican in 1872 1851-1874 File:Senator David T. Patterson.jpg, alt=,

David T. Patterson David Trotter Patterson (February 28, 1818November 3, 1891) was a United States Senator from Tennessee at the beginning of the Reconstruction period. A staunch Union supporter (as were most of his fellow East Tennesseans), he was elected by th ...

of Tennessee Elected as a Unionist in 1866, became a Republican by 1867 1866–1869 File:JSFowler.jpg, alt=, Joseph S. Fowler of Tennessee Elected as an Unconditional Unionist in 1866, became a Republican by 1867 1866–1871 File:John A J Creswell Brady-Handy Photograph Collection.tif, alt=,

John Creswell John Andrew Jackson Creswell (November 18, 1828December 23, 1891) was an American politician and abolitionist from Maryland, who served as United States Representative, United States Senator, and as Postmaster General of the United States app ...

of Maryland Elected as an Unconditional Unionist in 1864 1865–1867 File:BGratzBrown.png, alt=, Benjamin Gratz Brown of Missouri Elected as an Unconditional Unionist in 1863, became a Republican by 1865 1863–1867 File:Peter G. Van Winkle - Brady-Handy.jpg, alt=,

Peter G. Van Winkle Peter Godwin Van Winkle (September 7, 1808April 15, 1872) was an American lawyer, businessman and politician. For many years a leading officer of the Northwestern Virginia Railroad, he became one of the founders of West Virginia and a United ...

of West Virginia Elected as a Unionist in 1863, became a Republican by 1867 1863–1869 File:Reverdy Johnson.jpg, alt=,

Reverdy Johnson Reverdy Johnson (May 21, 1796February 10, 1876) was a statesman and jurist from Maryland. He gained fame as a defense attorney, defending notables such as Sandford of the Dred Scott case, Maj. Gen. Fitz John Porter at his court-martial, and Mary ...

of Maryland Elected as a Unionist in 1863, switched to Democratic by 1865 1863–1868 File:Lemuel Jackson Bowden.jpg, alt=, Lemuel J. Bowden of Virginia Elected as a Unionist in 1863 1863–1864 File:Thomas Holliday Hicks - photo portrait standing.jpg, alt=,

Thomas Holliday Hicks Thomas Holliday Hicks (September 2, 1798February 14, 1865) was a politician in the divided border-state of Maryland during the American Civil War. As governor, opposing the Democrats, his views accurately reflected the conflicting local loyal ...

of Maryland Elected as an Unconditional Unionist in 1862 1862–1865 File:RobWilson-Miss.jpg, alt=, Robert Wilson of Missouri Appointed as an Unconditional Unionist in 1862 1862-1863 File:John B. Henderson - Brady-Handy.jpg, alt=, John B. Henderson of Missouri Elected as an Unconditional Unionist in 1862, became a Republican by 1865 1862–1869 File:Hon. Garrett Davis, Ky - NARA - 528757.jpg, alt=, Garrett Davis of Kentucky Elected as a Unionist in 1861, switched to Democratic by 1867 1861-1872 File:JCarlile.jpg, alt=,

John S. Carlile John Snyder Carlile (December 16, 1817October 24, 1878) was an American merchant, lawyer, slaveowner and politician, including a United States senator. A strong supporter of the Union cause during the American Civil War, he represented the loy ...

of Virginia Elected as a Unionist in 1861 File:Waitman T. Willey - Brady-Handy.jpg, alt=,

Waitman T. Willey Waitman Thomas Willey (October 18, 1811May 2, 1900) was an American lawyer and politician from Morgantown, West Virginia. One of the founders of the state of West Virginia during the American Civil War, he served in the United States Senate ...

of Virginia Elected as an Unconditional Unionist in 1861 1861-1863

Representatives

File:Paul Mitchell official congressional photo.jpg,

U.S. Congressman The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they c ...

(2017–2021) Paul Mitchell of Michigan's 10th – First elected as a Republican, switched to independent in 2020 File:Justin Amash official photo.jpg, U.S. Congressman (2011–2021)

Justin Amash Justin Amash ( ; born April 18, 1980) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the U.S. representative for from 2011 to 2021. Originally a Republican, Amash joined the Libertarian Party in April 2020, becoming the party's first (and ...

of Michigan's 3rd – First elected as a Republican, switched to independent in 2019 and then to Libertarian in 2020 File:Rep Virgil Goode.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1997–2009)

Virgil Goode Virgil Hamlin Goode Jr. (born October 17, 1946) is an American politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 5th congressional district of Virginia between 1997 and 2009. He was initially a Democrat, but b ...

of Virginia 5th – Switched from Democratic to independent in 2000, then to Republican in 2002 File:Jo Ann Emerson, Official Portrait, 111th Congress.jpg, U.S. Congresswoman (1996–2013)

Jo Ann Emerson Jo Ann Emerson (née Hermann; born September 16, 1950) is an American politician who was the U.S. representative for from 1996 to 2013. The district consists of Southeast and South Central Missouri and includes the Bootheel, the Lead Belt and ...

of Missouri 8th – First elected as a Republican, re-elected as an independent due to state law, then rejoined Republicans in early 1997 File:Bernie Sanders.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1991–2007)

of Vermont at-large – Elected as an independent File:Wm Carney.png, U.S. Congressman (1979–1987) William Carney of New York 1st – Elected as a

and later sat with Republicans, switched to Republican in 1985 File:Frazier Reams.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1951–1955)

Frazier Reams Henry Frazier Reams Sr. (January 15, 1897 – September 15, 1971) was an American politician of the United States Democratic Party from Toledo, Ohio. Reams served as a U.S. Congressman from Ohio from 1951 to 1955. Life and career Reams was b ...

of Ohio 9th – Elected as an independent File:Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1949–1955)

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. (August 17, 1914 – August 17, 1988) was an American lawyer, politician, and businessman. He served as a United States congressman from New York from 1949 to 1955 and in 1963 was appointed United States Under Secre ...

of New York 20th – Elected as a

Liberal Liberal or liberalism may refer to: Politics * a supporter of liberalism ** Liberalism by country * an adherent of a Liberal Party * Liberalism (international relations) * Sexually liberal feminism * Social liberalism Arts, entertainment and ...

, re-elected as Democratic
File:Leo Isacson.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1948–1949) Leo Isacson – Elected from the

American Labor Party The American Labor Party (ALP) was a political party in the United States established in 1936 that was active almost exclusively in the state of New York. The organization was founded by labor leaders and former members of the Socialist Party of A ...

ticket File:HaroldHagen.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1943–1955)

Harold Hagen Harold Christian Hagen (November 10, 1901 – March 19, 1957) was a Minnesota politician. He was a Farmer-Laborite and then a Republican, serving the ninth district from 1943 to 1955. Born in Crookston, Minnesota, he was Lutheran of Norwe ...

– Elected as a member of the

Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party The Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party (FL) was a left-wing American political party in Minnesota between 1918 and 1944. Largely dominating Minnesota politics during the Great Depression, it was one of the most successful statewide third party move ...

in 1942 File:JohnTBernard.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1937–1939) John Bernard – Elected as a member of the

in 1936 File:DeweyJohnson.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1937–1939) Dewey Johnson – Elected as a member of the

in 1936 File:Franck R. Havenner (California Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1937–1941, 1945–1953) Franck R. Havenner – Elected as a

File:Henry Teigan.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1937–1939) Henry Teigan – Elected as a member of the

in 1936 File:ThomasRyumAmlie.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1935–1939) Thomas Ryum Amlie – Elected as a

File:GeraldJBoileau.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1935–1939) Gerald J. Boileau – Elected as a

File:Rich T. Buckler (6674236095).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1935–1943) Rich T. Buckler – Elected as a member of the

in 1934 File:BernardJGehrmann.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1935–1943)

Bernard J. Gehrmann Bernard John Gehrmann (February 13, 1880 – July 12, 1958) was a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin. Born in Gnesen, near Königsberg, East Prussia, Germany, Gehrmann attended the common schools in Germany. In 1893, Gehrmann immigrated to t ...

– Elected as a

File:No image.svg, U.S. Congressman (1935–1945)

Harry Sauthoff Harry Edward Sauthoff (June 3, 1879 – June 16, 1966) was an American teacher, coach, lawyer and politician from Madison, Wisconsin. The son of a German immigrant, Sauthoff was a 1909 graduate of the University of Wisconsin Law School. He held ...

– Elected as a

File:George J. Schneider.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1935–1939)

George J. Schneider George John Schneider (October 30, 1877 – March 12, 1939) was a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin. Born in the town of Grand Chute, Wisconsin, Schneider moved to Appleton with his parents, and attended the public schools there. He learn ...

– Elected as a

File:MerlinHull.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1935–1944)

Merlin Hull Merlin Gray Hull (December 18, 1870 – May 17, 1953) was a lawyer, a newspaper publisher, and a member of the United States House of Representatives from Wisconsin. Born in Farina, Illinois to John and Adelia Hull, Merlin Hull was a graduate o ...

– Elected as a

File:Vito Marcantonio (New York Congressman) 2.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1935–1937, 1939–1945)

Vito Marcantonio Vito is an Italian name that is derived from the Latin word "''vita''", meaning "life". It is a modern form of the Latin name Vitus, meaning "life-giver," as in San Vito or Saint Vitus, the patron saint of dogs and a heroic figure in southern ...

– Elected from the

ticket in 1938 File:GardnerRWithrow.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1935–1939)

Gardner R. Withrow Gardner Robert Withrow (October 5, 1892 – September 23, 1964) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1931 to 1939 and again from 1949 to 1961, when he did not seek reelection. Withrow was born in La Crosse, Wisconsi ...

– Elected as a

File:Henry Martin Arens.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1933–1935)

Henry M. Arens Henry Martin Arens (November 21, 1873 – October 6, 1963) was a politician who served in many offices in Minnesota, including the U.S. House of Representatives. Arens was born as ''Heinrich Martin Arens'' in Bausenrode near Fretter in the ...

– Elected as a member of the

in 1932 File:MagnusJohnson.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1933–1935)

– Elected as a member of the

in 1932 File:ErnestLundeen.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1933–1937) Ernest Lundeen – Elected as a member of the

in 1932 File:FrancisShoemaker.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1933–1935)

Francis Shoemaker Francis Henry Shoemaker (April 25, 1889 – July 24, 1958) was a U.S. Representative from Minnesota. Early life Shoemaker was born on a farm in Flora Township, Renville County, Minnesota, and was self-educated with his mother’s assistan ...

– Elected as a member of the

in 1932 File:Paul John Kvale 1932.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1929–1939)

Paul John Kvale Paul John Kvale (; March 27, 1896 – June 14, 1960) was a U.S. Representative from Minnesota. Early life Kvale who was born in Orfordville, Wisconsin as the son of Ole J. Kvale. He attended the Orfordville school and the University of Ill ...

– Elected as a member of the

in 1928 File:KnudWefald.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1923–1927) Knud Wefald – Elected as a member of the

in 1922 File:OleJKvale.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1923–1929) Ole J. Kvale – Elected as a member of the

in 1922 File:Carss, William L..jpg, U.S. Congressman (1919–1929)

William Leighton Carss William Leighton Carss, (February 15, 1865 – May 31, 1931) was a U.S. Representative from Minnesota; born in Pella, Marion County, Iowa and subsequently moved with his parents to Des Moines, Iowa, in 1867. There he attended the public sch ...

– Elected as a member of the

in 1918 File:IraCCopley.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1911–1923) Ira C. Copley – Switched from a Republican to a

in 1915 File:JohnAElston.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1915–1921)

John A. Elston John Arthur Elston (February 10, 1874 – December 15, 1921) was a U.S. Representative from California. Born in Woodland, California, Elston attended public schools. He graduated from Hesperian College, Woodland, 1892. He graduated from the Uni ...

– Elected as a

in 1915 File:Meyer London.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1915–1923) Meyer London – Elected as a Socialist File:WhitmellPMartin.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1915–1929)

Whitmell P. Martin Whitmell Pugh Martin (August 12, 1867 – April 6, 1929) was a U.S. Representative from Louisiana. Although he later served most of his congressional career as a Democrat, Martin was first elected as a "Bull Moose" Progressive in 1914. H ...

– Elected as a

File:SCHALL, THOMAS. HONORABLE LCCN2016862337 (cropped).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1915–1925)

Thomas D. Schall Thomas David Schall (June 4, 1878December 22, 1935) was an American lawyer and politician. He served in both the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate from Minnesota. He was initially elected and then re-elected as a ...

– Elected as a

, File:CharlesHiramRandall.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1915–1921)

Charles Hiram Randall Charles Hiram Randall (July 23, 1865 – February 18, 1951), known as Charles Randall, was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, the California State Assembly and the Los Angeles City Council. He was the first council member to face a ...

– Elected as a

Prohibitionist Prohibitionism is a legal philosophy and political theory often used in lobbying which holds that citizens will abstain from actions if the actions are typed as unlawful (i.e. prohibited) and the prohibitions are enforced by law enforcement.C Canty ...

File:Walter M Chandler.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1913–1919)

Walter M. Chandler Walter Marion Chandler (December 8, 1867 – March 16, 1935) was a Progressive and later a Republican U.S. Representative from New York. Biography Born on December 8, 1867 near Yazoo City, Mississippi, Chandler attended public schools, the Un ...

– Elected as a

in 1913 File:James W. Bryant (Washington state Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1913–1915) James W. Bryan – Elected a

in 1913 File:JacobFalconer.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1913–1915)

Jacob Falconer Jacob Alexander Falconer (January 26, 1869 – July 1, 1928) was a one-term congressman from the state of Washington, elected at-large in 1912. Early years Born in Ontario, Canada, Falconer moved with his parents to Saugatuck, Michigan, in 1873 ...

– Elected a

in 1913 File:WilliamHHinebaugh.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1913–1915) William H. Hinebaugh – Elected as a

in 1913 File:HULLINGS, WILLIS J. LCCN2016858467 (2) (cropped).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1913–1915) Willis James Hulings – Elected as a

in 1913 File:No image.svg, U.S. Congressman (1913–1915) William Josiah MacDonald – Elected as a

in 1913 File:Milton William Shreve.JPG, U.S. Congressman (1913–1915, 1919–1933)

Milton William Shreve Milton William Shreve (May 3, 1858 – December 23, 1939) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Biography Milton W. Shreve was born in Chapmanville, Pennsylvania. He attended the Edinboro State Norma ...

– Re-elected as an independent Republican in 1920 File:H.W. Temple-RPTS Class of 1887.png, U.S. Congressman (1913–1915)

Henry Wilson Temple Henry Wilson Temple (March 31, 1864 – January 11, 1955) was a Progressive and a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Temple was born in Belle Center, Ohio. He graduated from Geneva College in Be ...

– Elected a

in 1913 File:Charles M. Thomson.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1913–1915)

Charles M. Thomson Charles Marsh Thomson (February 13, 1877 – December 30, 1943) was a lawyer, judge and U.S. Representative from Illinois. Biography Born in Chicago, Illinois, Thomson attended public schools and the Chicago Manual Training School. He gradua ...

– Elected a

in 1913 File:William D. Stephens LCCN2014715011 (cropped).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1911–1917) William Stephens – Switched parties from a Republican to a

in 1913 File:Roy O. Woodruff.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1913–1915)

Roy O. Woodruff Roy Orchard Woodruff (March 14, 1876 – February 12, 1953) was a politician, soldier, printer, and dentist from the U.S. state of Michigan. Woodruff was born of English and Scottish ancestry to Charles Woodruff and Electa A. (Wallace) Woodruff ...

– Elected a

in 1913 File:William Kent congressman.jpeg, U.S. Congressman (1913–1917) Bill Kent – Elected as an independent File:Victor L. Berger.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1911–1929) Victor L. Berger – Elected as a Socialist File:Peter Augustus Porter 1853-1925.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1907–1909) Peter A. Porter – Elected as an independent Republican File:Caldwell Edwards (Montana Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1901–1903) Caldwell Edwards – Elected as a Populist File:Thomas L. Glenn (Idaho Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1901–1903) Thomas L. Glenn – Elected as a Silver File:No image.svg, U.S. Congressman (1899–1901) John Wilbur Atwater – Elected as a Populist File:William Neville (Nebraska Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1899–1903) William Neville – Elected as a Populist File:Edgarwilson.PNG, U.S. Congressman (1899–1901) Edgar Wilson – Elected as a

File:Charles A. Barlow (California Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) Charles A. Barlow – Elected as a Populist File:J.D. Botkin.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) Jeremiah D. Botkin – Elected as a Populist File:Curtis H. Castle (California Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) Curtis H. Castle – Elected as a Populist File:No image.svg, U.S. Congressman (1897–1899)

John Edgar Fowler John Edgar Fowler (September 8, 1866 – July 4, 1930) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from the state of North Carolina in the United States Congress. He was a Populist and attended Wake Forest University Wake Fore ...

– Elected as a Populist File:William Laury Greene (Nebraska Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) William Laury Greene – Elected as a Populist File:James Gunn (Idaho Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) James Gunn – Elected as a Populist File:Jones-William-C-1898.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) William Carey Jones – Elected as a

File:John Edward Kelley (South Dakota).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) John Edward Kelley – Elected as a Populist File:Freeman Knowles (South Dakota).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) Freeman Knowles – Elected as a Populist File:No image.svg, U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) Charles Martin – Elected as a Populist File:Samuel Maxwell (Nebraska Congresman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1897–1899)

Samuel Maxwell Samuel Maxwell (May 20, 1825 – February 11, 1901) was a Populist politician in the U.S. state of Nebraska. Born in Lodi, New York, on May 20, 1825, he moved with his parents to Michigan in 1844. He taught school, farmed, and studied la ...

– Elected as a Populist File:Nelson B. McCormick (Kansas Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) Nelson B. McCormick – Elected as a Populist File:Mason S. Peters.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) Mason S. Peters – Elected as a Populist File:Edwin R. Ridgely.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1897–1901) Edwin R. Ridgely – Elected as a Populist File:William L. Stark (Nebraska Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1897–1903) William Ledyard Stark – Elected as a Populist File:Roderick Dhu Sutherland (Nebraska Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1897–1901) Roderick Dhu Sutherland – Elected as a Populist File:William D. Vincent (Kansas Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1897–1899) William D. Vincent – Elected as a Populist File:Albert Taylor Goodwyn.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1896–1897) Albert Taylor Goodwyn – Elected as a Populist File:John Shafroth.gif, U.S. Congressman (1895–1904)

John F. Shafroth John Franklin Shafroth (June 9, 1854February 20, 1922) was an American politician who served as a representative, member of the United States Senate, and Governor of Colorado. Early life Born in Fayette, Missouri, he attended the common scho ...

– Switched from Republican to

in 1897 File:MW Howard(1).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1895–1899) Milford W. Howard – Elected as a Populist in 1894 File:Harry Skinner (1855–1929).png, U.S. Congressman (1895–1899) Harry Skinner – Elected as a Populist File:WilliamFranklinStrowd.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1895–1899) William Franklin Strowd – Elected as a Populist File:John Calhoun Bell.jpeg, U.S. Congressman (1893–1903) John Calhoun Bell – Elected as a Populist File:Marion Cannon (California Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1893–1895)

Marion Cannon Marion Cannon (October 30, 1834 – August 27, 1920) was a United States representative from California. He was born near Morgantown, Virginia (now in West Virginia) where he learned the blacksmith trade as a teenager and left home, carr ...

– Elected as a Populist File:Lafayette Pence (Colorado Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1893–1895) Lafe Pence – Elected as a Populist File:AlonzoCShuford.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1893–1899) Alonzo C. Shuford – Elected as a Populist File:Thomas J. Hudson (Kansas Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1893–1895) Thomas Jefferson Hudson – Elected as a Populist File:HaldorBoen.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1893–1895) Haldor Boen – Elected as a Populist File:Senator William A. Harris as a Member of the 55th US Congress.jpeg, U.S. Congressman (1893–1895) Bill Harris – Elected as a Populist File:Rep. William Hewitt Baker.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1891–1897) Bill Baker – Elected as a Populist File:Benjamin H. Clover (Kansas Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1891–1893) Benjamin H. Clover – Elected as a Populist File:John davis kansas.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1891–1895) John Davis – Elected as a Populist File:Kittel Halvorson (Minnesota Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1891–1893)

Kittel Halvorson Kittel Halvorson (December 15, 1846 – July 12, 1936) was a U.S. Representative from Minnesota. Biography Kittel Halvorson was born near Tuddal in Hjartdal, Hjartdal parish, Telemark, Norway. In 1848, he immigrated to the United States with ...

– Elected as a Populist File:OmerMadisonKem.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1891–1897) Omer Madison Kem – Elected as a Populist File:William A. McKeighan (Nebraska Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1891–1895)

William A. McKeighan William Arthur McKeighan (January 19, 1842 – December 15, 1895) was an American politician. McKeighan was born in Millville, New Jersey. He moved with his parents to Fulton County, Illinois, in 1848. He enlisted in the 11th Regiment Illin ...

– Elected as a Populist File:John Grant Otis.png, U.S. Congressman (1891–1893) John G. Otis – Elected as a Populist File:Jerry Simpson (cropped).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1891–1895)

Jerry Simpson Jeremiah Simpson (March 31, 1842 – October 23, 1905), nicknamed "Sockless Jerry" Simpson, was an American politician from the U.S. state of Kansas. An old-style populist, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives three ti ...

– Elected as a Populist File:Younger Tom Watson.gif, U.S. Congressman (1891–1893)

Thomas E. Watson Thomas Edward Watson (September 5, 1856 – September 26, 1922) was an American politician, attorney, newspaper editor and writer from Georgia. In the 1890s Watson championed poor farmers as a leader of the Populist Party, articulating an a ...

– Elected as a Populist File:No image.svg, U.S. Congressman (1889–1891)

Lewis P. Featherstone Lewis Porter Featherstone (July 28, 1851 – March 14, 1922) was a planter and farm activist who served as a Labor Party U.S. Representative from Arkansas. Biography Born in Oxford, Mississippi, Featherstone was the eldest son of Lewis H. and E ...

– Elected as a member of the Labor Party File:No image.svg, U.S. Congressman (1887–1889) Samuel I. Hopkins – Elected as a member of the Labor Party File:No image.svg, U.S. Congressman (1887–1889) John Nichols – Elected as an independent File:HenrySmithLaborPartyCongressmanMilwaukee.png, U.S. Congressman (1887–1889) Henry Smith – Elected as a member of the Labor Party File:Shively, Benjamin Franklin.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1884–1885)

Benjamin F. Shively Benjamin Franklin Shively (March 20, 1857 – March 14, 1916) was an American politician and lawyer who served as a United States Representative (1884 to 1885 and 1887 to 1893) and Senator (1909 to 1916) from Indiana. Biography Early life, ...

– Elected as an Anti-Monopolist File:James Ronald Chalmers - Brady-Handy.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1883–1885)

James Ronald Chalmers James Ronald Chalmers (January 11, 1831April 9, 1898) was an American politician and senior officer of the Confederate States Army who commanded infantry and cavalry in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. After the war, Chalmers s ...

– Elected as an Independent File:Theodore Lyman III.png, U.S. Congressman (1883–1885) Ted Lyman – Elected as an Independent File:ThomasOchiltree1860.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1883–1885) Thomas P. Ochiltree – Elected as an Independent File:CharlesNBrumm.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1881–1909) Charles N. Brumm – Elected as a member of the

United States Greenback Party The Greenback Party (known successively as the Independent Party, the National Independent Party and the Greenback Labor Party) was an American political party with an anti-monopoly ideology which was active between 1874 and 1889. The party ran ...

in 1880 File:Joseph H. Burrows (Missouri Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1881–1883)

Joseph Henry Burrows Joseph Henry Burrows (May 15, 1840 – April 28, 1914) was a U.S. Representative from Missouri. Born in Manchester, England, Burrows immigrated to the United States with his parents, who settled in Quincy, Illinois. He attended the common sch ...

– Elected as a member of the

in 1880 File:IraSherwinHazeltine.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1881–1883) Ira Sherwin Hazeltine – Elected as a member of the

in 1880 File:JamesMosgrove.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1881–1883) James Mosgrove – Elected as a member of the

in 1880 File:TheronMosesRice.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1881–1883) Theron Moses Rice – Elected as a member of the

in 1880 File:J. Hyatt Smith - Brady-Handy.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1881–1883) J. Hyatt Smith – Elected as an independent File:Bradley Barlow.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1879–1881)

Bradley Barlow Bradley Barlow (May 12, 1814 – November 6, 1889) was a nineteenth-century banker and politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Vermont. Early life and career Barlow was born in Fairfield, Vermont, son of Colonel Bradley and Deborah ...

– Elected as a member of the

in 1878 File:NicholasFord.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1879–1883)

Nicholas Ford Nicholas Ford (June 21, 1833 – June 18, 1897) was a U.S. Representative from Missouri. Born in Wicklow, Ireland, Ford attended the village school and Maynooth College, Dublin, Ireland. Ford emigrated to the United States in 1848 with his par ...

– Elected as a member of the

in 1878 File:No image.svg, U.S. Congressman (1879–1881) Albert P. Forsythe – Elected as a member of the

in 1878 File:Edward H. Gillette (Iowa Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1879–1881)

Edward H. Gillette Edward Hooker Gillette (October 1, 1840 – August 14, 1918) was a nineteenth-century populist politician and editor from Iowa. He was elected on the Greenback Party ticket to represent Iowa's 7th congressional district for only one term in ...

– Elected as a member of the

in 1878 File:George Washington Jones (Texas Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1879–1883) George Jones – Elected as a member of

File:George W. Ladd (Maine Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1879–1883)

George W. Ladd George Washington Ladd (September 28, 1818 – January 30, 1892) was a U.S. Representative from Maine. Life history Ladd was born on September 28, 1818 to Joseph and Sarah (Hamlin) Ladd in Augusta, Massachusetts (now in Maine). Ladd attended ...

– Elected as a member of

File:No image.svg, U.S. Congressman (1879–1882) William M. Lowe – Elected as a member of the

in 1878 File:Gilbert De La Matyr (Indiana Congressman).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1879–1881) Gilbert De La Matyr – Elected as a member of the

in 1878 File:THMurch.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1879–1883) Thompson H. Murch – Elected as a member of the

File:HenryPersons.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1879–1881) Henry Persons – Elected as an independent File:Daniel Lindsay Russell.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1879–1881)

Daniel Lindsay Russell Daniel Lindsay Russell Jr. (August 7, 1845May 14, 1908) was the 49th Governor of North Carolina, serving from 1897 to 1901. An attorney, judge, and politician, he had also been elected as state representative and to the United States Congress, ...

– Elected as a member of

File:No image.svg, U.S. Congressman (1879–1883) Emory Speer – Elected as an independent File:James Weaver - Brady-Handy (cropped).jpg, U.S. Congressman (1879–1889) James Weaver – Elected as a member of the

in 1878 File:HBWright.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1879–1881) Hendrick Bradley Wright – Elected as a member of the

in 1878 File:SethHartmanYocum.jpg, U.S. Congressman (1879–1881)

Seth Hartman Yocum Seth Hartman Yocum (August 2, 1834 – April 19, 1895) was a Greenback member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Seth H. Yocum was born in Catawissa, Pennsylvania. After attending rural schools, he went to Philadelphia in ...

– Elected as a member of the

in 1878

References

{{Third Party US Senators Lists of members of the United States House of Representatives Third party (United States)