''The Perfect American'' is an opera in two acts composed in 2011–12 by

Philip Glass Philip Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer and pianist. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential composers of the late 20th century. Glass's work has been associated with minimalism, being built up from repetitive p ...

. It is an adaptation of the Peter Stephan Jungk novel, ', a fictional work that re-imagines

Walt Disney Walter Elias Disney (; December 5, 1901December 15, 1966) was an American animator, film producer and entrepreneur. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons. As a film pr ...

in his later years as a power-hungry racist. It was commissioned by the Teatro Real in Madrid in co-production with the

English National Opera English National Opera (ENO) is an opera company based in London, resident at the London Coliseum in St Martin's Lane. It is one of the two principal opera companies in London, along with The Royal Opera. ENO's productions are sung in English. ...

in London. The world premiere of the work took place at the Teatro Real on 22 January 2013 with

Dennis Russell Davies Dennis Russell Davies (born April 16, 1944 in Toledo, Ohio) is an American conductor and pianist, He is currently the music director and chief conductor of the Brno Philharmonic. Biography Davies studied piano and conducting at the Juilliard Sch ...

conducting and directed by

Phelim McDermott Phelim McDermott (born 21 August 1963) is an English actor and stage director. He has directed plays and operas in Britain, Germany, Spain, the United States, and Australia. McDermott was a co-founder of the Improbable theatre in 1996. Career McDe ...

. The first English production was on 1 June 2013 by the

at the

London Coliseum The London Coliseum (also known as the Coliseum Theatre) is a theatre in St Martin's Lane, Westminster, built as one of London's largest and most luxurious "family" variety theatres. Opened on 24 December 1904 as the London Coliseum Theatre o ...

, under the direction of Gareth Jones. Jones and McDermott directed the third production with

Opera Queensland Opera Queensland is an opera company based in Brisbane, Queensland. The company was founded with funding from the Queensland State Government in 1981 under the name ''Lyric Opera of Queensland'' after the Queensland Opera Company was closed in D ...

(Australia) for the

Brisbane Festival Brisbane Festival is one of Australia's leading international arts festivals, and is held each September in Brisbane, Australia. Its presence dominates the city for three weeks in September and its line-up of classical and contemporary music, ...

, commencing 15 September 2014. Christopher Purves, the baritone who sang the role of Walt, and Marie McLaughlin who played the role of Walt’s wife, also participated in a televised TV chat show about the opera along with McDermott.Philip Glass and ''The Perfect American''
featuring presenter Christopher Lawrence, singers Christopher Purves and Marie McLaughlin, and Glass commentator,

Tim Sexton Tim Sexton is an American producer, music supervisor, environmental consultant, and social impact entrepreneur. Noted for events and initiatives which integrate pop culture and social activism, he produced the No Nukes, Peace Sunday, and Live ...

ABC News Online ABC News, or ABC News and Current Affairs, is a public news service produced by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Broadcasting within Australia and the rest of the world, the service covers both local and world affairs. The division of ...

, 23 September 2014, accessed 20 August 2017 The Madrid premiere was broadcast live on medici.tv and recorded for subsequent DVD release.

Genesis

''The Perfect American'' arose from a commission of the

New York City Opera The New York City Opera (NYCO) is an American opera company located in Manhattan in New York City. The company has been active from 1943 through 2013 (when it filed for bankruptcy), and again since 2016 when it was revived. The opera company, du ...

in September 2008. The project idea was suggested by

Gerard Mortier Gerard Alfons August, Baron Mortier (25 November 1943 – 8 March 2014) was a Belgian opera director and administrator of Flemish origin. Biography Born in Ghent, the son of a baker, Mortier attended in youth the Jesuit private school Sint-Barb ...

, who was appointed director in February 2007, and gave a copy of Jungk's novel to Philip Glass, seeing a perfect frame for a future production.

Libretto

The libretto by

Rudy Wurlitzer Rudolph "Rudy" Wurlitzer (born January 3, 1937) is an American novelist and screenwriter. Wurlitzer's fiction includes '' Nog'', ''Flats'', ''Quake'', ''Slow Fade'', and ''Drop Edge of Yonder''. He is also the author of the travel memoir, ''Hard ...

is based on the controversial

biographical novel The biographical novel is a genre of novel which provides a fictional account of a contemporary or historical person's life. Like other forms of biographical fiction, details are often trimmed or reimagined to meet the artistic needs of the fictio ...

, ''Der König von Amerika'' by Peter Stephan Jungk. (When he was a child, Jungk's parents received frequent visits from their friend, physicist Heinz Haber, who at the time worked for Disney as a scientific consultant.) The novel imagines the last three months of the life of Walt Disney from the tales of the fictional Austrian cartoonist Wilhelm Dantine, who – before being fired – had worked for Disney between 1940 and 1950. The creator of

Mickey Mouse Mickey Mouse is an animated cartoon character co-created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks. The longtime mascot of The Walt Disney Company, Mickey is an anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white g ...

is depicted as something of a megalomaniac racist, misogynist (only men were allowed to draw, women were only allowed coloring) anti-Semite and Nazi sympathiser, and for exposing three of his employees before the committee on un-American activities. (Disney, played in the opera by Christopher Purves, comments on the

march on Washington The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, also known as simply the March on Washington or The Great March on Washington, was held in Washington, D.C., on August 28, 1963. The purpose of the march was to advocate for the civil and economic righ ...

in August 1963: "Where leads all this freedom, negroes walking to Washington, the misfits who fornicate like rabbits?") Glass describes the last years of the life of Walt Disney "unimaginable, alarming and truly frightening", but cedes him responsibility for his own ideas because he believes they are the product of the context in which he lived. He sees him as "a child of his time with very conservative ideas, yes, but a great visionary", "a human being in ordinary and extraordinary times", "an icon of modernity, a man capable of building bridges between high culture and popular culture". In this sense it recalls that "Disney has always been conscious of the attitudes of ordinary people and also allowed the masses to address the high culture by introducing the music of Tchaikovsky and others in his films". For him, his opera "is not a documentary or portrait" but a "journey poetic and tragic" through the last months of the life of an artist who "faced the same doubts that beset us all". He therefore conceived the work as a kind of poem on the quintessentially American and a reflection on death.

Roles

Synopsis

Scenes from the end of the life of Walt Disney. The action goes from Disney's home town of Marceline, Missouri to his animated dream factory in Los Angeles. Disney is haunted by his own mortality, set against the backdrop of the creation of his visionary empire of imagination.

Act 1

Prologue In his hospital bed, Walt Disney, in delirium, dreams about an owl. His dream quickly transforms into a nightmare: "No! No! Go away! I drift without knowing what is real and what is not". The dream is in part, a distant memory. As a child Walt killed an owl with his bare hands as he believed the bird represented a bad omen. Walt wishes to return to his hometown, Marceline (Missouri) ... ''Where dreams come true.'' Scene 1 Walt and his brother Roy recall joy and simplicity in their youth in Marceline, a small town in the Midwest where they grew up. In the magical realm of their imagination Marceline was "the soul of America where every day was magical." The residents of Marceline welcome Walt as a god. Walt is present at the inauguration of a local public pool where Dantine Wilhelm makes an appearance. Scene 2 Walt is gravely ill in the hospital and bitterly considers his death: "We all have the same problem. We will all die." Nurse Hazel, his "Snow White", comforts him. Walt is filled with fear: "I'm afraid that my empire is collapsing when I am no more." He asks the nurse to make sure he is cryonised when he dies: "Put me in the mirror or congèle me in liquid nitrogen." He hopes to conquer death to become a messiah for those who fear it. His wife Lilian, his brother Roy, and his daughters Diane and Sharon visit him. Walt asks them to swear on the American flag to honor their vow never to utter the word "die". Scene 3 A few years earlier, in his studio office in Burbank, he recalls his successes with his brother Roy: "From Japan to Mongolia, Nepal, Portugal, Greenland, Peru, billions of people know who Walt Disney is. But we must do better, we must do more ... ". Both men are preparing plans for Disneyland and deplore the ugly presence of modernity. Walt compares himself to Thomas Edison and Henry Ford. He boasts of being the man through whom Ronald Reagan will become president and believes he will become more famous as Santa Claus, Moses, Zeus and Jesus. Dantine confronts Walt of being unfairly fired. Scene 4 Lilian has good news for Walt. His condition has stabilized. At his home in Holmby Hills, his family throws him a surprise party for his 65th birthday. Lucy, a neighbor and a strange girl arrives wearing an owl mask. Lucy does not seem to know who Walt or his most famous characters are. She refuses to leave, and Walt throws her out. He believes she represents the demon owl he killed as a child. Scene 5 In Anaheim, late at night, Walt is attempting to build an

animatronic Animatronics refers to mechatronic puppets. They are a modern variant of the automaton and are often used for the portrayal of characters in films and in theme park attractions. It is a multidisciplinary field integrating puppetry, anatomy a ...

Abraham Lincoln, and is struggling with failure. As he tries to fix the machine he convinces himself that he and Lincoln both belong to the same class of American icons: "Despite all the obstacles, we've made something of ourselves. We changed the world "We are folk heroes ..." However, he realizes that he no longer shares the same beliefs as the illustrious heroes of his childhood: "You have been a proponent of black race. That's a big difference between us." "I revere you, Mr. President, but our views do not coincide anymore." The animatronic Lincoln's stutters while performing his famous speech on freedom. Walt cradles the machine in his arms and proclaims the power of USA.

Act 2

Andy Warhol Andy Warhol (; born Andrew Warhola Jr.; August 6, 1928 – February 22, 1987) was an American visual artist, film director, and producer who was a leading figure in the Art movement, visual art movement known as pop art. His works explore th ...

in 1977 Scene 1 Andy Warhol approaches Roy to propose he include Walt in a series of painted portraits of American superstars. Roy does not give him permission, but tells Warhol he will pass on the proposal to Walt. Warhol proclaims his love for Disney, "Tell Walt I love it and I love his work. Tell him that we are one and the same." Scene 2 The choir sings: "Driving fast or slow to LA where everything is possible and everything is doable. Where the world is a playground and where dreams come true." And recites the names of cities that separate the Missouri and the LA. A family walks in the garden and sees Walt aboard the miniature train. The train derails as Dantine reenters. Scene 3 Walt recalls that Dantine was fired for trying to form a union and exposing his "stupid leftist": "I fired him because his leftist and unpatriotic comments insult all that Disney represents"; Walt dreams of a machine that would be able to replace his entire workforce. Dantine asks for compensation. The chorus sings about how Walt is a magician who can do nothing wrong. Dantine accuses Walt of being a thief. Scene 4 Walt meets Josh, a fellow patient, as he is admitted into the intensive care unit. Josh is thrilled to have Walt as a neighbor. The doctor gives Liliane and her family Walt's diagnosis. Walt has advanced lung cancer. He recommends removing a lung giving him, at best, two years to live. Scene 5 Josh asks him how he created and drew so many characters. Walt replies that he's a great storyteller, who motivates and inspires his employees: "I have not done everything, but without me there would be no movies." Josh believes Walt is godlike: "I realized, Walt: you are like God." Walt nods thoughtfully, "Well, in a way." A happy god? "Sometimes" he answers. Scene 6 Walt dies. The choir, and the Disney family, remember Marceline and his idealistic innocence while the spirit of Walt observes. Lucy appears as an owl and exits with Walt. Epilogue Dantine, dirty and in rags, meets the undertaker at the funeral home. He tells him that Walt will be cremated and not frozen. The chorus recalls the miraculous nature of the dream of Disneyland: never say "die."

Reception

The opera received mixed to negative reviews.

References

External links

''The Perfect American''
medici.tv {{DEFAULTSORT:Perfect American, The Operas by Philip Glass English-language operas Operas based on novels Operas set in the United States 2013 operas Operas set in the 20th century Operas Works about Walt Disney