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The ''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel'' is a daily morning
broadsheet A broadsheet is the largest newspaper format and is characterized by long Vertical and horizontal, vertical pages, typically of . Other common newspaper formats include the smaller Berliner (format), Berliner and Tabloid (newspaper format), ta ...
printed in
Milwaukee, Wisconsin Milwaukee ( ), officially the City of Milwaukee, is both the most populous and most densely populated city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the county seat of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, Milwaukee County. With a population of 577,222 at th ...
, where it is the primary
newspaper A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background. Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, sports a ...
. It is also the largest newspaper in the state of
Wisconsin Wisconsin () is a state in the upper Midwestern United States. Wisconsin is the 25th-largest state by total area and the 20th-most populous. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake M ...
, where it is widely distributed. It is currently owned by the
Gannett Company Gannett Co., Inc. () is an American mass media holding company headquartered in McLean, Virginia, in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area.Gannett Completes Acquisition of Journal Media Group
. ''USA Today'', April 11, 2016.
In early 2003, the ''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel'' began printing operations at a new printing facility in West Milwaukee. In September 2006, the ''Journal Sentinel'' announced it had "signed a five-year agreement to print the national edition of ''
USA Today ''USA Today'' (stylized in all uppercase) is an American daily middle-market newspaper and news broadcasting company. Founded by Al Neuharth on September 15, 1982, the newspaper operates from Gannett's corporate headquarters in Tysons, Virgini ...
'' for distribution in the northern and western suburbs of Chicago and the eastern half of Wisconsin".


History


''Milwaukee Sentinel''

The ''Milwaukee Sentinel'' was founded on June 27, 1837 in response to disparaging statements made about the east side of town by
Byron Kilbourn Byron Kilbourn (September 8, 1801December 16, 1870) was an American surveyor, railroad executive, and politician who was an important figure in the founding of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was the 3rd and 8th mayor of Milwaukee. Biography Kilbo ...
's westside partisan newspaper, the ''Milwaukee Advertiser'', during the city's "bridge wars", a period when the two sides of town fought for dominance. A co-founder of Milwaukee, Solomon Juneau, provided the starting funds for editor John O'Rourke, a former office assistant at the ''Advertiser'', to start the paper. "The Story of the Sentinel," ''Milwaukee Sentinel'', December 3, 1893. On Juneau's request, O'Rourke's associate, Harrison Reed, remained to take over the ''Sentinel''s operations on behalf of Democratic Party politician
James Duane Doty James Duane Doty (November 5, 1799 – June 13, 1865) was a land speculator and politician in the United States who played an important role in the development of Wisconsin and Utah Territory. Early life and legal career A descendant of ''Mayflo ...
. Reed continued the struggle to keep the paper ahead of its debts, often printing pleas to his advertisers and subscribers to pay their bills any way they could. Meanwhile, the establishment of the Whig party in the territory thrust the ''Sentinel'' into partisan politics. In 1840 Reed was assaulted by individuals whom the ''Sentinel'' charged were hired by Democratic Governor
Henry Dodge Moses Henry Dodge (October 12, 1782 – June 19, 1867) was a Democratic member to the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate, Territorial Governor of Wisconsin and a veteran of the Black Hawk War. His son, Augustus C. Dodge, served a ...
. When Doty backed
William Henry Harrison William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773April 4, 1841) was an American military officer and politician who served as the ninth president of the United States. Harrison died just 31 days after his inauguration in 1841, and had the shortest pres ...
, the ''Sentinel'' endorsed Harrison for president in the 1840 election. Starr guarded the ''Sentinels position as the sole Whig organ in Milwaukee. Heavily in debt, he secured the partnership of David M. Keeler, who paid off the paper's creditors. Keeler took on partner John S. Fillmore (nephew of U.S. president
Millard Fillmore Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800March 8, 1874) was the 13th president of the United States, serving from 1850 to 1853; he was the last to be a member of the Whig Party while in the White House. A former member of the U.S. House of Represen ...
) and succeeded in ousting Starr, who kept publishing his own version of the ''Sentinel''. Keeler and Fillmore trumped his efforts by turning their ''Sentinel'' into a daily on December 9, 1844, while still publishing a weekly edition. The paper finally began to prosper and establish itself as a major political force in the nascent state of Wisconsin. Having accomplished his goal of establishing the first daily paper in the territory, Keeler retired two months later, but not before opening a public reading room of the nation's newspapers, the origin of Milwaukee's public library system. Fillmore employed a succession of editors, including Jason Downer, later a Wisconsin Supreme Court justice, and
Increase A. Lapham Increase Allen Lapham (March 7, 1811 – September 14, 1875) was an American author, scientist, and naturalist, whose work focused primarily on the what is now the U.S. state of Wisconsin. He made maps of the area and published numerous books o ...
, a Midwestern naturalist who later helped establish the
National Weather Service The National Weather Service (NWS) is an Government agency, agency of the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous weather, and other weathe ...
. After running through six editors in eight years, Fillmore sought a more stable editorial foundation and went east to confer with
Thurlow Weed Edward Thurlow Weed (November 15, 1797 – November 22, 1882) was a printer, New York newspaper publisher, and Whig and Republican politician. He was the principal political advisor to prominent New York politician William H. Seward and was ins ...
, editor of the ''Albany Evening Journal'' and powerful Whig political boss of New York. Weed recommended his associate editor and protégé, Rufus King. King was a native of New York City, a graduate of
West Point The United States Military Academy (USMA), also known Metonymy, metonymically as West Point or simply as Army, is a United States service academies, United States service academy in West Point, New York. It was originally established as a f ...
, a brevet lieutenant, the son of the president of Columbia College and the grandson of
U.S. Constitution The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, in 1789. Originally comprising seven articles, it delineates the natio ...
signer Rufus King. In June 1845 King came to Milwaukee and became the ''Sentinel''s editor three months later. The paper provided thorough coverage of Wisconsin's constitutional convention, held in
Madison Madison may refer to: People * Madison (name), a given name and a surname * James Madison (1751–1836), fourth president of the United States Place names * Madison, Wisconsin, the state capital of Wisconsin and the largest city known by this ...
in 1846. When the adopted constitution fell short of Whig expectations, the ''Sentinel'' was instrumental in encouraging its rejection by territorial voters on April 6, 1847. The ''Sentinel'' launched a German-language paper, ''Der Volksfreund'', to bring the city's large population of German immigrants to the Whig cause. Gen. King himself was a delegate to Wisconsin's second constitutional convention. He was also appointed head of the Milwaukee militia and sat on the
University of Wisconsin A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...
's board of regents, as well as being the first superintendent of
Milwaukee public schools Milwaukee Public Schools (MPS) is the largest school district in Wisconsin. As of the 2015–16 school year, MPS served 75,568 students in 154 schools and had 9,636 full-time equivalent (FTE) staff positions. The Milwaukee Public Schools system i ...
. In the wake of the
Panic of 1857 The Panic of 1857 was a financial panic in the United States caused by the declining international economy and over-expansion of the domestic economy. Because of the invention of the telegraph by Samuel F. Morse in 1844, the Panic of 1857 was ...
King sold the paper to T.D. Jermain and H.H. Brightman, but remained editor, covering the state legislative sessions of 1859–1861 himself. In 1848, the ''Sentinel'' praised the
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ( es, Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo), officially the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits, and Settlement between the United States of America and the United Mexican States, is the peace treaty that was signed on 2 ...
, a treaty that ended the
Mexican–American War The Mexican–American War, also known in the United States as the Mexican War and in Mexico as the (''United States intervention in Mexico''), was an armed conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848. It followed the 1 ...
, commenting: "Peace upon almost any terms will be joyfully welcomed by the American People. They have long since tired of the war." The ''Sentinel'' prospered during the Civil War, sometimes printing five editions of the paper in a day. Though much of the war news was copied from Chicago papers, the ''Sentinel'' did dispatch a war correspondent for over half a year. The war also resulted in a shortage of skilled printers, so in 1863 the ''Sentinel'' began hiring and training "female compositors" to typeset the paper, albeit in another building away from the men. This resulted in members of the Milwaukee Typographical Union leaving their jobs, but the war had already depleted their ranks to such a degree that the union later temporarily disbanded. Frustrated by the lack of skilled help, editor
C. Latham Sholes Christopher Latham Sholes (February 14, 1819February 17, 1890) was an American inventor who invented the QWERTY keyboard, and, along with Samuel W. Soule, Carlos Glidden and John Pratt, has been contended to be one of the inventors of the fir ...
tried building a typesetting machine, but failed. After becoming comptroller for the city a few years later, he invented the modern typewriter. After the war ended circulation fell off and the number of editions was kept to a minimum. A supporter of the Liberal Republicans, who opposed President
Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant ; April 27, 1822July 23, 1885) was an American military officer and politician who served as the 18th president of the United States from 1869 to 1877. As Commanding General, he led the Union Ar ...
, Thomson was ousted from the paper after Carpenter's former law partner Newton S. Murphey bought the ''Sentinel'' in 1874 with other pro-Grant Republicans, including Carpenter, who had failed to be re-elected. After Murphey loaned Carpenter $20,000 to also become a stakeholder in the paper, Carpenter hired A. C. Botkin as editor, formerly of the '' Chicago Times'', to replace Thomson. The ''Sentinel'' was soon perceived as Carpenter's "personal mouthpiece" and an organ of the state Republican central committee. After committee chairman
Elisha W. Keyes Elisha William Keyes ( ; January 23, 1828 – November 29, 1910) was an American lawyer, politician, postmaster, and local judge. He was the 6th and 22nd Mayor of Madison, Wisconsin, and represented Dane County in the Wisconsin State Assembl ...
blocked Carpenter from becoming a delegate to the national Republican convention in 1876, the paper began running fierce editorials denouncing Keyes. The ''Sentinel'' later endorsed Carpenter over Keyes as senator in the 1878 election. Disappointed in the paper's weak defense of unregulated
corporations A corporation is an organization—usually a group of people or a company—authorized by the state to act as a single entity (a legal entity recognized by private and public law "born out of statute"; a legal person in legal context) and r ...
, a new group of stalwart Republicans purchased the old Democratic ''Milwaukee News'' in 1880 and resurrected it as the ''Republican and News''.
Horace Rublee Horace Rublee (August 19, 1829 – October 19, 1896) was a Wisconsin journalist and newspaper editor, Republican party leader, and ambassador to Switzerland. Rublee was born August 19, 1829, the son of Alvah and Martha (Kent) Rublee, in Berkshir ...
, a former editor of the ''
Wisconsin State Journal The ''Wisconsin State Journal'' is a daily newspaper published in Madison, Wisconsin by Lee Enterprises. The newspaper, the second largest in Wisconsin, is primarily distributed in a 19 county region in south-central Wisconsin. As of September ...
'' and who had been the chairman of the state Republican party, was hired as editor-in-chief. Failing to put the ''Sentinel'' out of business, the Republicans bought the paper outright and issued it as the ''Republican-Sentinel''. The next year the word Republican was dropped, but the paper remained a major force in the state's Republican party. This troubled managing editor
Lucius W. Nieman Lucius William Nieman (December 13, 1857 – October 1, 1935) was an American businessman and founder of ''The Milwaukee Journal''. Biography Born at Bear Valley in Sauk County, Wisconsin, Lucius's father was Conrad Nieman; and Sara Elizabet ...
, who had covered the state capitol for the ''Sentinel'' and had seen the control the powerful monied interests had over state government. When a Democrat was elected to Congress from a die-hard Republican county, the ''Sentinel''s editor refused to print the fact. This led Nieman to resign and join the fledgling ''Milwaukee Journal''. The ''Journal'' first received acclaim when Nieman's coverage of a deadly hotel fire revealed it to be a firetrap, but the ''Sentinel'' defended the hotel's management, which included a ''Sentinel'' stockholder. Historian
Frederick Jackson Turner Frederick Jackson Turner (November 14, 1861 – March 14, 1932) was an American historian during the early 20th century, based at the University of Wisconsin until 1910, and then Harvard University. He was known primarily for his frontier thes ...
was the ''Sentinels Madison correspondent for a year, beginning in April 1884, while he finished his senior year at the
University of Wisconsin A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...
. He covered various aspects of life in Madison, from campus news to the state legislature. He delivered the scoop that university regent and state political boss
Elisha W. Keyes Elisha William Keyes ( ; January 23, 1828 – November 29, 1910) was an American lawyer, politician, postmaster, and local judge. He was the 6th and 22nd Mayor of Madison, Wisconsin, and represented Dane County in the Wisconsin State Assembl ...
wished to remove university president
John Bascom John Bascom (May 1, 1827October 2, 1911) was an American professor, college president and writer. Life He was born on May 1, 1827 in Genoa, New York, and was a graduate of Williams College with the class of 1849. He graduated from the Andover ...
for political reasons and it was Turner's reports that resulted in a backlash of support for the president. Bascom had earlier offered Turner a position teaching elocution at the university that he turned down in favor of working for the ''Sentinel'' for nine more months. He left the paper after Republicans appointed him as the transcribing clerk to Wisconsin's state senate before later going on to teach history. In 1892–1893 the ''Sentinel'' moved temporarily from its home on Mason Street so that the old building could be torn down and a new, state-of-the-art structure could be erected in its place. With the dawning of the Progressive Era during the 1890s the ''Sentinel'' began to moderate its views, often echoing calls for political reform. After the
Panic of 1893 The Panic of 1893 was an economic depression in the United States that began in 1893 and ended in 1897. It deeply affected every sector of the economy, and produced political upheaval that led to the political realignment of 1896 and the pres ...
a private utility monopoly run by stalwart Republican party bosses
Charles F. Pfister Charles F. Pfister (June 17, 1859 – November 12, 1927) was a wealthy tannery magnate, bank financier, utility owner, newspaper publisher, hotelier and philanthropist in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was also a central figure in the stalwart "Old Guar ...
and
Henry C. Payne Henry Clay Payne (November 23, 1843 – October 4, 1904) was U.S. Postmaster General from 1902 to 1904 under Pres. Theodore Roosevelt. He died in office and was buried at Forest Home Cemetery in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was also a chairman ...
,
The Milwaukee Electric Railway and Light Company The Milwaukee Electric Railway and Light Company , also referred to as the Milwaukee Interurban Lines or TMER&L, is a defunct railroad that operated in and around Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was the largest electric railway and electric utility sys ...
(TMER&L), revoked commuter passes and raised utility rates during the depression. The ''Sentinel'' joined in the chorus of indignation that resounded from Milwaukee and beyond, particularly during 1899 when Pfister and Payne succeeded, by means of bribery, to push through a 35-year contract with the city. On December 29 Pfister and Payne sued the ''Sentinel'' for libel, to which the paper replied that it had fallen prey to "probably the most formidable and influential combination of selfish interests ever found in the city of Milwaukee." Rather than going to trial and having his business practices revealed, Pfister bought the ''Sentinel'' outright on February 18, 1901, paying an immense sum to buy up a majority of its stock. After the death of his publisher, Lansing Warren, that summer Pfister assumed publishing duties, immersing himself in the paper's operations and directing political coverage. Owning the ''Sentinel'' expanded his conservative influence from the convention backrooms to the pages of the largest daily paper in Wisconsin. The ''Sentinel'' immediately opposed the newly elected Governor La Follette. During La Follete's successful re-election campaign in 1902, Pfister's political power was diminished after it had been revealed that he had secretly purchased the editorial pages of some 300 of the state's newspapers. A majority stake was purchased by the
Hearst Corporation Hearst Communications, Inc., often referred to simply as Hearst, is an American multinational mass media and business information conglomerate based in Hearst Tower in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Hearst owns newspapers, magazines, televis ...
in 1924. Operations of the ''Sentinel'' were joined to Hearst's papers, the afternoon ''Wisconsin News'' and the morning ''Milwaukee Telegram''; the latter being merged with the ''Sentinel'' as the ''Milwaukee Sentinel & Telegram''. The ''Wisconsin News'' entered into a lease arrangement with the School of Engineering for radio station WSOE on November 15, 1927. The lease was for a minimum of three years. To reflect the new arrangement, the ''Wisconsin News'' changed the call letters of WSOE to WISN on January 23, 1928. The station was sold to the ''Wisconsin News'' in November 1930. Hearst's associate Paul Block acquired Pfister's remaining stake of the ''Sentinel'' in 1929. The ''News'' closed in 1939, being consolidated with the ''Sentinel'' as a single morning paper. In 1955 Hearst purchased television station WTVW and changed the call letters to
WISN-TV WISN-TV (channel 12) is a television station in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, affiliated with ABC. Owned by Hearst Television, it is the second-oldest television station to remain with the company in all of its various iterations behind f ...
.


''The Milwaukee Journal''

''The Milwaukee Journal'' began as ''The Daily Journal'' in 1882.
Edna Ferber Edna Ferber (August 15, 1885 – April 16, 1968) was an American novelist, short story writer and playwright. Her novels include the Pulitzer Prize-winning '' So Big'' (1924), ''Show Boat'' (1926; made into the celebrated 1927 musical), '' Ci ...
, later a famed writer and Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist, was a ''Milwaukee Journal'' reporter for nearly four years, from approximately 1903 to 1907. The ''Journal'' followed the ''Sentinel'' into broadcasting. The ''Journal'' purchased radio station WKAF in 1927, changing its call letters to WTMJ. It launched an experimental FM station, W9XAO, in 1940,"WMFM Changes Its Call Letters For Fourth Time"
''Broadcasting'', December 3, 1945, page 83.
which was licensed as a commercial station in 1941, originally as W55M, and later becoming WMFM and
WTMJ-FM WTMJ-FM was a pioneer commercial FM radio station, owned by the Journal Company, publishers of ''The Milwaukee Journal'', and located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In the late 1940s, it was one of the first FM stations in America and among the most p ...
. This station was deleted in 1950. In 1959 a new WTMJ-FM was licensed, which later became WKTI-FM, WLWK-FM, and
WKTI WKTI (94.5 FM) – branded 94.5 ESPN Milwaukee – is a commercial sports radio station licensed to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, serving the Milwaukee metropolitan area. Owned by Good Karma Brands, WKTI is an affiliate for ESPN Radio. WKTI is known ...
.
WTMJ-TV WTMJ-TV (channel 4) is a television station in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, affiliated with NBC. It is owned by the E. W. Scripps Company alongside Kenosha-licensed Ion Television station WPXE-TV (channel 55). WTMJ-TV's studios are loca ...
, Wisconsin's first television station, went on the air in 1947.


21st century

As of mid-2012, the ''Journal Sentinel'' had the 31st-largest circulation among all major U.S. newspapers, with circulation of 207,000 for the daily edition and just under 338,000 for the Sunday edition. On April 8, 2016, decades of local ownership for both papers ended when
Journal Media Group Journal Media Group (formerly Journal Communications) was a Milwaukee, Wisconsin-based newspaper publishing company. The company's roots were first established in 1882 as the owner of its namesake, the ''Milwaukee Journal'', and expanded into br ...
was acquired by the Gannett Company for $280 million. Gannett owns most of the daily newspapers in the central and eastern parts of Wisconsin (eleven in all), including the ''
Green Bay Press-Gazette The ''Green Bay Press-Gazette'' is a newspaper whose primary coverage is of northeastern Wisconsin, including Green Bay. It was founded as the ''Green Bay Gazette'' in 1866 as a weekly paper, becoming a daily newspaper in 1871. The ''Green Ba ...
'' and Appleton's ''
The Post-Crescent ''The Post-Crescent'' is a daily newspaper based in Appleton, Wisconsin. Part of the Gannett chain of newspapers, it is primarily distributed in numerous counties surrounding the Appleton/Fox Cities area. History ''The Appleton Crescent'' was f ...
''. The ''Journal Sentinel'' has been integrated into the company's "''USA Today'' Network Wisconsin". The ''Journal Sentinel'' also collaborates with the ''Press-Gazette'' for Packers coverage, and adapted to Gannett standards, including newspaper layout, website and apps, in August 2016. In the spring of 2018, the ''Journal Sentinel'' press facility began to print all of Gannett's state papers (it already printed ''
The Sheboygan Press ''The Sheboygan Press'' is a daily newspaper based in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, United States. It is one of a number of newspapers in the state of Wisconsin owned by Gannett, including the ''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel'', ''Green Bay Press-Gazette'' ...
'' and ''USA Today'') replacing the company's Appleton facility. By 2021, it was reported that about 90% of ''Journal Sentinel'' subscriptions were for its print edition despite a years-long push to increase the number of digital subscribers.


Awards

''The Milwaukee Journal'' and the ''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel'' have received
Pulitzer Prize The Pulitzer Prize () is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine, online journalism, literature, and musical composition within the United States. It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of Joseph Pulitzer, who had made h ...
s: In 1934, cartoonist Ross A. Lewis won for his cartoon on labor-industry violence, " Sure, I'll Work for Both Sides". In 1966, the series "Pollution: The Spreading Menace" garnered the award for public service. In 1977,
Margo Huston Margo Huston (''nee'' Bremner; born February 12, 1943) is an American reporter. She won the 1977 Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting while working at the ''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.'' Early life and education Huston was born on February ...
became the first female staff member of ''The Milwaukee Journal'' to win a Pulitzer Prize. She won the award in the category of best general reporting for a series of articles on the elderly and the process of aging. In 2008, local government reporter David Umhoefer was awarded the 2008
Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting The Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting is awarded to an example of "local reporting that illuminates significant issues or concerns." This Pulitzer Prize was first awarded in 1948. Like most Pulitzers the winner receives a $15,000 award. History ...
for his investigation of the Milwaukee County pension system. In 2010, reporter Raquel Rutledge was awarded the 2010 Pulitzer Prize for local reporting for her investigations and stories on abuses in a state-run child care system. In 2011, Mark Johnson, Kathleen Gallagher, Gary Porter, Lou Saldivar, and Alison Sherwood were awarded the
Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting The Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting has been presented since 1998, for a distinguished example of explanatory reporting that illuminates a significant and complex subject, demonstrating mastery of the subject, lucid writing and clear pr ...
for their "lucid examination of an epic effort to use genetic technology to save a 4-year-old boy imperiled by a mysterious disease, told with words, graphics, videos and other images."


Other awards

In 1965 the paper's women's section won the Penney-Missouri Award for General Excellence.


Archives

In 2008, Google published the newspaper's archives as part of an initiative to digitize historical newspapers. Though the initiative ended in 2011, the archives remain accessible. The Milwaukee digitization used microfilm that had been scanned for
ProQuest ProQuest LLC is an Ann Arbor, Michigan-based global information-content and technology company, founded in 1938 as University Microfilms by Eugene B. Power. ProQuest is known for its applications and information services for libraries, provid ...
's database. At the ''Journal Sentinel'' request, the
Milwaukee Public Library Milwaukee Public Library (MPL) is the public library system in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, consisting of a central library and 13 branches, all part of the Milwaukee County Federated Library System. MPL is the largest public library syst ...
loaned decades of missing microfilm volumes to complete the digitization. When Google's project ended, the newspaper began the process of creating its own archive via its relationship with
Newsbank NewsBank is a news database resource that provides archives of media publications as reference materials to libraries. History John Naisbitt, the author of the book ''Megatrends'', founded NewsBank.Andrews 1998, p. 17. The company was launched i ...
. Newsbank unsuccessfully attempted to sell ''Journal Sentinel'' digital archive access to the Milwaukee Public Library, which could not afford their asking price. The Library already subscribed to Newsbank's obituary and recent ''Journal Sentinel'' articles, as well as other proprietary databases with annual subscriptions costing less than $100,000. In May 2014, Newsbank suggested several purchase options, one of which was $1.5 million, which would have consumed nearly all of the library's $1.7 million materials budget. The newspaper changed ownership to Gannett in April and by August had requested that Google remove free public access to the archives, leaving a gap in coverage. Google Newspapers access was restored in December 2017, but digital access continued to be sporadic over the next several years.


References


Bibliography

* Conrad, Will C., Kathleen Wilson, and Dale Wilson (1964). ''The Milwaukee Journal: The First Eighty Years''.
University of Wisconsin Press The University of Wisconsin Press (sometimes abbreviated as UW Press) is a non-profit university press publishing peer-reviewed books and journals. It publishes work by scholars from the global academic community; works of fiction, memoir and po ...
. ** Review by
Scott Cutlip Scott Munson Cutlip (July 15, 1915 in Buckhannon, West Virginia – August 18, 2000 in Madison, Wisconsin) was a pioneer in public relations education. Biography Cutlip was born in Buckhannon, West Virginia, the son of Okey Scott Cutlip and Janet ...
(Fall 1964). "Portrait Without Blemishes", ''
Columbia Journalism Review The ''Columbia Journalism Review'' (''CJR'') is a biannual magazine for professional journalists that has been published by the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism since 1961. Its contents include news and media industry trends, ana ...
'', pp. 42–43. * Wells, Robert W. (1981). ''The Milwaukee Journal: An Informal Chronicle of its First 100 Years''. Milwaukee, WI: Milwaukee Journal.


External links


''JS'' Online, the ''Journal Sentinel'' website

''Journal Sentinel'' background page



Mary Beth Walker Collection, The University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections
Collection of key World War II issues of the Milwaukee Journal. {{authority control 1837 establishments in Wisconsin Territory Gannett publications mass media in Milwaukee
Milwaukee Sentinel The ''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel'' is a daily morning broadsheet printed in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where it is the primary newspaper. It is also the largest newspaper in the state of Wisconsin, where it is widely distributed. It is currently ...
newspapers published in Wisconsin
Milwaukee Journal The ''Milwaukee Journal Sentinel'' is a daily morning broadsheet printed in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where it is the primary newspaper. It is also the largest newspaper in the state of Wisconsin, where it is widely distributed. It is currently o ...
publications established in 1995 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service winners Pulitzer Prize-winning newspapers