Thatta District ( sd, ٺٽو ضلعو, ur, ) is located in the southern area, locally called ''Laar'', of the

province A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions out ...

Sindh Sindh (; ; ur, , ; historically romanized as Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province ...

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

. Its capital is Thatta. It is home to a large necropolis of Makli. In 2013, several talukas were separated to form the new Sujawal District.

History

The capital of three successive native

Sindhi Sindhi may refer to: *something from, or related to Sindh, a province of Pakistan * Sindhi people, an ethnic group from the Sindh region * Sindhi language, the Indo-Aryan language spoken by them People with the name * Sarkash Sindhi (1940–2012 ...

dynasties and later ruled by the Mughal. Thatta was the capital of three successive dynasties, the traces of which are evident in the Makli necropolis, which spreads over a twelve square kilometer area. These dynasties are: Samma (1335-1520), Arghun (1520-1555) and Tarkhan (1555-1665). Thatta was constantly embellished from the 14th to the 18th century. The remains of the city and its necropolis provide a unique view of civilization in Sindh. Thatta, about east of

Karachi Karachi (; ur, ; ; ) is the most populous city in Pakistan and 12th most populous city in the world, with a population of over 20 million. It is situated at the southern tip of the country along the Arabian Sea coast. It is the former c ...

. Thatta also served as capital of

and as a center for Islamic arts. Since the 14th century four Muslim dynasties ruled Sindh from Thatta, but in 1739 the capital was moved elsewhere and Thatta declined. It was believed that this was the place where

Alexander the Great Alexander III of Macedon ( grc, Ἀλέξανδρος, Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. He succeeded his father Philip II to ...

rested his legions after their long march. The town is dominated by the Great Mosque built by the Moghul Emperor

Shahjahan Shihab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram (5 January 1592 – 22 January 1666), better known by his regnal name Shah Jahan I (; ), was the fifth emperor of the Mughal Empire, reigning from January 1628 until July 1658. Under his emperorship, the Mugha ...

which has been carefully restored to its original condition. The mosque's 33 arched domes give it superb acoustics and the tile work, a whole range of shades of blue, is equally fine. Situated on the outskirts of the new town, it is surrounded by narrow lanes and multi-story houses made of plaster and wood which are top by badgers, the wind catchers designed to funnel cool breezes down into the interiors of buildings. They are also quite common in Hyderabad. The bazaars of Thatta are known for hand-printed fabrics, glass bangles and Sindhi embroidery work in laid with tinny mirrors, one of the more world known handicrafts of Pakistan. Thatta appears to have scarcely moved out of the 18th century and is only slowly catching up with the modern world. The shifting nature of the Indus makes it difficult to discern the exact location of ancient Thatta, but the name indicates its strong relation to the Indus. Thatta, derived from Thatti, Thatt or Thatto, a Sindhi word for a small settlement on riverbanks, was an important medieval city locally known as Nagar-Thato. All historic accounts paint Thatta as a populous and flourishing trading post and a refuge of saints and scholars. Jam Nizamu-d Din or Jam Ninda, as he was affectionately known, ruled in Sindh's golden age as the leader of Samma-dynasty from 866 to 1461. The rise of Thatta as an important commercial and cultural center was directly related to his patronage and policies. The Samma-civilization contributed significantly to the evolution of the prevailing architectural style that can be classified as Sindhi-Islamic. Thatta is famous for its

necropolis A necropolis (plural necropolises, necropoles, necropoleis, necropoli) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments. The name stems from the Ancient Greek ''nekropolis'', literally meaning "city of the dead". The term usually im ...

, which covers on the Makli Hill, which assumed its quasi-sacred character during Jam Nizamu-d Din's rule. The site became closely interlinked with the lives of the people. Every year thousands perform pilgrimage to this site to commemorate the saints buried here. The graves testify to a period of four centuries when Thatta was a thriving center of trade, religion and scholarly pursuits and the capital of Sind. In 1768, Thatta's per-eminence was usurped by Hyderabad. Though many of the mausoleums and graves are dilapidated, many are still exquisite architectural examples with fine stone carving and glazed tile decoration. Jam Nizamu-d Din's death was followed by a war of succession carried out between the cousins, Jam Feroz and Jam Salahu-d Din. The Moghul army took the opportunity and Thatta came under the Arghun dynasty. The refined tastes of the Arghun and later the Tarkhan, who came from the Timurid cities of Khurasan and Central Asia enhanced Thatta's cultural and architectural landscape. The reign of Mirza Isa Tarkhan's son Mirza Baki however, was one of persecution. He became reputed as one of the cruelest rulers of Sind. Thatta witnessed the cold-blooded murder of the Arghuns and the persecution of people claiming nobility, or religious or scholarly eminence. Mirza Jani Beg is known to have worked to restore what Mirza Baki had destroyed. However, when Emperor Akbar sent Nawab Khan Khanan to subjugate Thatta, Mirza Jani Beg is said to have removed the people to Kalan Kot, a fortified town built for such occasions, and ordered Thatta to be razed. Mirza Jani Beg negotiated with Mughals, and was taken to Emperor

Akbar Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (25 October 1542 – 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar the Great ( fa, ), and also as Akbar I (), was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Hum ...

court where he was confirmed as the governor of Thatta, and in 1591, Sindh was annexed by the Mughal Empire. Mughal rule lasted till 1736 when Thatta passed into the hands of the Kalhoras. Thatta's importance began to gradually decline as the

Indus River The Indus ( ) is a transboundary river of Asia and a trans-Himalayan river of South and Central Asia. The river rises in mountain springs northeast of Mount Kailash in Western Tibet, flows northwest through the disputed region of Kashmi ...

began to shift away and in 1768,

Hyderabad Hyderabad ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and the ''de jure'' capital of Andhra Pradesh. It occupies on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River, in the northern part of Southern Indi ...

was made the capital of Sindh by the Kalhora Nawabs. The British annexed Sindh in 1843 and their immediate concern was to establish a communication network throughout Sindh. The municipality of Thatta was established by the British in 1854 and several vernacular and private schools, as well as a post office, a dispensary and a subordinate jail were built. The British established their residential areas away from the main city, on higher grounds, west of Makli necropolis. Thatta regained prosperity because of an improved communication infrastructure, though the city was never completely revived its prior importance as capital. The late nineteenth century saw a new class of merchants who took full advantage of the British need for services and goods. These merchants became rich and commissioned many buildings inspired by the elegant mansions constructed by the British throughout the British Empire. Post-independence Thatta is rapidly growing and suffers from a severe lack of basic services. Heavy demands on the resources of the city, coupled with the general apathy on the part of the local administration, has resulted in the neglect of the city's historic center. The Makli monuments and other historic mosques, although of touristic value, are disregarded with nothing being done to preserve them.

Local government

The district is now administratively subdivided into 4

Tehsils A tehsil (, also known as tahsil, taluka, or taluk) is a local unit of administrative division in some countries of South Asia. It is a subdistrict of the area within a district including the designated populated place that serves as its administ ...

which were erstwhile 9 in number before creation of Sujawal District - these are:DISTRICT GOVERNMENT Thatta
* Thatta *

Mirpur Sakro Mirpur Sakro ( sd, ميرپورساڪرو,) is a village located 33 km away from Thatta. while it is 85 km away from Karachi. Mirpur Sakro is at an altitude of 35 meters. It is a small area having a population of around 17,500 settled ...

* Keti Bander * Ghorabari The 2015/ 2016 local bodies election was decisively won by the liberal Pakistan People's Party (PPP) and Ghulam Qadir Palijo was elected as the Chairman of the district. Palijo was earlier an elected Member of the Sindh Assembly (MPA) from Mirpur Sakro, Thatta.

Demography

At the time of the 2017 census, Thatta district had a population of 982,138, of which 510,143 were males and 471,958 females. The rural population was 805,662 (82.03%) and urban 176,476 (17.97%). The literacy rate is 27.88%: 35.46% for males and 19.63% for females.

Religion

The majority religion is Islam, with 96.75% of the population. Hinduism (including those from Scheduled Castes) is practiced by 3.04% of the population.

Language

At the time of the 2017 census, 92.92% of the population spoke

, 1.40%

Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu"
'' Pashto Pashto (,; , ) is an Eastern Iranian language in the Indo-European language family. It is known in historical Persian literature as Afghani (). Spoken as a native language mostly by ethnic Pashtuns, it is one of the two official langua ...

, 1.10%

Punjabi Punjabi, or Panjabi, most often refers to: * Something of, from, or related to Punjab, a region in India and Pakistan * Punjabi language * Punjabi people * Punjabi dialects and languages Punjabi may also refer to: * Punjabi (horse), a British Th ...

and 1.05% Balochi as their first language.

List of Dehs

The following is a list of Thatta District's dehs, organised by

: * Thatta Taluka (65 dehs) ** Aali Soomro ** Abad ** Agheemani ** Amir Pir ** Bao Purandas ** Bello Bao Purandas ** Bello Chach ** Bello Garkho ** Bello Hellaya ** Bello Karo Khooh ** Bello Lalang ** Bello Shah Lounko ** Bello Sonda ** Bello Weeran Katcha ** Bello Weran Pacca ** Bijora ** Chatto Chand ** Chilya ** Doomani East Jagir ** Doomani East Rayati ** Doomani West ** Ghulam Hussain ** Gujjo ** Halath ** Haleji ** Helaya ** Jhirruk ** Joona-I ** Joona-II ** Jungshahi ** Kalankot Jagir ** Kalankot Royatee ** Keenjhar ** Khakhar Hala ** Khudayoon ** Kohistan 7/1 ** Kohistan 7/2 ** Kohistan 7/3 ** Kohistan 7/4 **

Koor Koor may refer to: * Koor, Indonesia, a village in West Papua, Indonesia * Koor, Rajasthan, a village in India * KOOR, an American radio station * Koor, Camel Bell See also * Coor (disambiguation) * Koore (disambiguation) * Kur (disambiguat ...

** Korarri ** Kotri Purani ** Lakhi ** Makli ** Manda Hala ** Markhan ** Nai Baran ** Nareja ** Narerri ** Raju Nizamani ** Samki ** Samohi ** Sheikhani ** Sonda ** Sonheri ** Soof Shoro ** Tando Hafiz Shah **

Tanka is a genre of classical Japanese poetry and one of the major genres of Japanese literature. Etymology Originally, in the time of the '' Man'yōshū'' (latter half of the eighth century AD), the term ''tanka'' was used to distinguish "short ...

** Tarki ** Thaeemani ** Tharr-Rri ** Thatta ** Thatta Jagir ** Udhejani ** Verh * Ghorabari Taluka (61 dehs) ** Aadano **

Achh Achh is a village and union council of Gujrat District, in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is part of Kharian Tehsil and is located at 32°52'0N 74°8'0E with an altitude of 311 metres. Achh is Birthplace of famous Punjabi Singer, Alam Loha ...

Ban Ban, or BAN, may refer to: Law * Ban (law), a decree that prohibits something, sometimes a form of censorship, being denied from entering or using the place/item ** Imperial ban (''Reichsacht''), a form of outlawry in the medieval Holy Roman ...

** Barr Raity Jagir ** Beli ** Bhogro ** Dhandh Shakrani ** Dhandhari ** Dolatpur ** Duba ** Gambali ** Gambwah ** Garho ** Ghato **

Girnar Girnar is an ancient hill in Junagadh, Gujarat, India. Geology Mount Girnar is a major igneous plutonic complex which intruded into the basalts towards the close of the Deccan Trap period. The rock types identified in this complex are ga ...

** Guba East ** Gulel ** Hajamro ** Hayat Gaho **

Inam Inam ( ar, إنعام ) means ''gift''. It may be used as a given name for a person. It is mainly female but also male when used in compound forms such as Inam-ul-Haq / Enamul Haque. The name is subject to varying transliterations such as Inaam, ...

** Indo ** Jaradali ** Jaraket ** Jaryoon ** Jharandi ** Jhor Patar ** Juho ** Karolo ** Kathore ** Keit Kutib Shah ** Khado **

Khan Khan may refer to: *Khan (inn), from Persian, a caravanserai or resting-place for a travelling caravan *Khan (surname), including a list of people with the name *Khan (title), a royal title for a ruler in Mongol and Turkic languages and used by ...

** Khanani ** Khaso ** Khatho ** Kotri Jagir ** Larho ** Larik Jagir ** Lodano ** Malereri ** Marhi ** Marho Kotri ** Marho Vighore ** Mehal ** Mehar ** Miranpur ** Murandi **

Palki Palki ( fa, پلكي, also Romanized as Palkī) is a village in Nakhlestan Rural District, in the Central District of Kahnuj County, Kerman Province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia ...

** Peer Aar ** Puro Bhiman ** Samaki ** Sanwalpur ** Shahpur ** Shorki ** Soomra ** Sukhpur ** Takro ** Tetaro ** Udherolal ** Vidh ** Vikar * Keti Bandar Taluka (52 dehs) ** Babio ** Bablo ** Bakhro Jagir ** Baltakro ** Bamto Baghban ** Bet Maehar ** Betri ** Bhal Dhamoon ** Bhangar ** Chach Wali Mohad ** Chokhatolo ** Darsi ** Dolo Sholani ** Ghorabhari ** Guba East ** Hameed Wari ** Hanbs ** Jamani Ibrahim Shah ** Jamani Jatoi ** Jamnasar ** Jangisar ** Jao Koonchi ** Javo ** Jhalo ** Jidoo ** Keersar South ** Keti Chokha ** Keti Hashim ** Ketibunder ** Ketitakro **

Khalifa Khalifa or Khalifah (Arabic: خليفة) is a name or title which means "successor", "ruler" or "leader". It most commonly refers to the leader of a Caliphate, but is also used as a title among various Islamic religious groups and others. Khalif ...

** Khariyoon ** Khedewar ** Khersar Utar Wari ** Mir Wari ** Mirwah ** Mithriyoon **

Miyani Miyani is a beach Village in Porbandar Taluka in Porbandar District of Gujarat State, India. It is located 39 KM towards North from District head quarters Porbandar. 32 KM from . 429 KM from State capital Gandhinagar. Miyani Pin code is 360579 a ...

** Moonara ** Mor Chahuda ** Moranjhar ** Nanghewari ** Pir Ali Bux ** Pirkajrio ** Shahpur South ** Sookhi ** Tara Karewaro ** Takar Khariyoon ** Takro Hashim ** Tarhati ** Thare Wari ** Wathyoon *

Mirpur Sakro Taluka Mirpur Sakro ( sd, ميرپورساڪرو,) is a village located 33 km away from Thatta. while it is 85 km away from Karachi. Mirpur Sakro is at an altitude of 35 meters. It is a small area having a population of around 17,500 settle ...

(93 dehs) **

** Babra ** Balki ** Barandki ** Barosari ** Bhanero ** Buhara ** Bukerani ** Chachh Mirankhor ** Chachh Sarhiko ** Chachh Waraiko ** Chandki ** Chowkbandi ** Dambroti ** Dandro ** Daresi ** Dareski ** Dharki ** Dhoondhi ** Dhoro ** Dubo ** Ghaghi ** Gharibabad No. 1 ** Gharibabad No. 2 ** Gharibabad No. 3 ** Gharibabad No. 4 ** Gharibabad No. 5 ** Gharo ** Ghulamullah ** Gongki ** Gono ** Gujjo ** Haji Ghirano ** Halati ** Halki ** Hanjtal ** Kaheki ** Kajhari ** Kakrand ** Kalar Sakari ** Kanheki ** Karampur ** Karo Jageer ** Karolo ** Kathki ** Kathor **

Khaghan Khagan or Qaghan (Mongolian:; or ''Khagan''; otk, 𐰴𐰍𐰣 ), or , tr, Kağan or ; ug, قاغان, Qaghan, Mongolian Script: ; or ; fa, خاقان ''Khāqān'', alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kaghan, Khakan, Khakhan ...

** Khairpur ** Khariseer ** Kheersar ** Kherani ** Khutti Kun ** Kohistan No. 1 ** Kohistan No. 2 **

Koori Koori (also spelt koorie, goori or goorie) is a demonym for Aboriginal Australians from a region that approximately corresponds to southern New South Wales and Victoria. The word derives from the Indigenous language Awabakal. For some people ...

** Kund Baghar ** Ladiyoon ** Lait ** Lakha ** Makhyaro ** Malepota ** Malki ** Marho Soofiko ** Marri ** Masoodi **

** Morjhar ** Naheki ** Nangwah ** Otharki ** Palijani ** Pat Marho ** Patho ** Piniladho Shah ** Pir Jhariyoon ** Pir Pathi ** Pumbri ** Rah (J + R) ** Raj Malik ** Rajwah ** Ramdeh ** Rathorki ** Samejani ** Samki ** Seenhaoro ** Sheikh Haji Turabi ** Sonheri ** Sukhpur ** Takani ** Tali ** Tarki ** Uhab ** Voharo Jageer

References

Bibliography

* {{Authority control Districts of Sindh