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Teumman was a king of the ancient kingdom of
File:Teumman wounded and led by his son, trying to escape from the battlefield at Ulai.jpg, Teumman wounded and led by his son
Elam
Elam (; Linear Elamite: ''hatamti''; Cuneiform Elamite: ; Sumerian: ; Akkadian: ; he, עֵילָם ''ʿēlām''; peo, 𐎢𐎺𐎩 ''hūja'') was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretc ...
, ruling it from 664 to 653 BCE, contemporary with the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal
Ashurbanipal (Neo-Assyrian language, Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: , meaning "Ashur (god), Ashur is the creator of the heir") was the king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 669 BCE to his death in 631. He is generally remembered as the last great king o ...
(668 – c. 627). In various sources, the name may be found spelled as Te’umman, Teumann, or Te-Umman. For a time, "many scholars, beginning with G.G. Cameron," believed him to have been the Tepti-Huban-Inshushinak mentioned in inscriptions, although this view has since fallen from favor.
Succession
Teumman succeededUrtak
Urtak was a free collaborative public opinion
Public opinion is the collective opinion on a specific topic or voting intention relevant to a society. It is the people's views on matters affecting them.
Etymology
The term "public opinion" wa ...
. The relationship between Urtak and Teumman is a matter of disagreement. On the one hand, D. T. Potts (2015) refers to Teumann as "apparently unrelated to either Urtak or Hubanhaltash II." Likewise, Boederman's ''Cambridge Ancient History'' refers to the accession of Teumman as a "dynastic upset." On the other hand, M. Rahim Shayegan claims that "Te'umman seems to have been the brother of two of his royal predecessors (Huban-Haltaš II and Urtak)." In any event, upon the accession of Teumman, Urtak's sons escaped to Assyria, after which Teumman unsuccessfully demanded that Assyria return Urtak's sons to his custody.
Battle of Ulai (653 BCE)
Ashurbanipal launched a devastating attack on Elam in 653. A text, written in 649, among the annals of Ashurbanipal, records Ashurbanipal's justifications for the war and its conclusion. Ashurbanipal's reasons for the war included "Teumman's insolent messages, his boasting, his evil plots, a lunar eclipse that foretold Teumman's downfall, a seizure inflicted on Teumman by the gods as a warning, and Teumman's declaration of war on Asshurbanipal." The text records that Ashurbanipal had Teumman beheaded, and that Teumman was replaced as king by Ummanigash.Tammaritu Tammaritu may refer to:
* Tammaritu (son of Teumman) (died 653 BCE), King of Elam from 664 to 653 BCE
* Tammaritu I, ruler of Elam from 653 to 652 BCE
* Tammaritu II, ruler of Elam from 652 until 650 or 649 BCE
{{disambiguation, hn ...
, trying to escape from the battlefield at Ulai.
File:Last arrow of King Teuman and his son.jpg, Last arrow of King Teuman and his son Tammaritu.
File:The beheading of King Teumman of Elam.jpg, The beheading of King Teumman of Elam.
File:Assyrian warrior holding the head of Elamite King Teumman.jpg, Assyrian warrior holding the head of Elamite King Teumman.
File:Assyrian soldiers rushing the head of Teumman to Nineveh.jpg, Assyrian soldiers rushing the head of Teumman to Nineveh
Nineveh (; akk, ; Biblical Hebrew: '; ar, نَيْنَوَىٰ '; syr, ܢܝܼܢܘܹܐ, Nīnwē) was an ancient Assyrian city of Upper Mesopotamia, located in the modern-day city of Mosul in northern Iraq. It is located on the eastern ban ...
.
Aftermath
See also
*List of rulers of Elam
The kings of Elam were the rulers of Elam, an ancient civilization in modern-day south-western Iran. The earliest known Elamite dynasty was the Awan dynasty, which came to power in the Early Dynastic period. Elam was conquered by the Akkadian E ...
References
{{Early Rulers of Mesopotamia Elamite people 7th-century BC deaths 7th-century BC rulers Military history of the ancient Near East Elamite kings Kings of the Neo-Elamite Period