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Terry Gross (born February 14, 1951) is an American journalist who is the host and co-executive producer of '' Fresh Air'', an interview-based radio show produced by WHYY-FM in Philadelphia and distributed nationally by NPR. Since joining NPR in 1975, Gross has interviewed thousands of guests. Gross has won praise over the years for her low-key and friendly yet often probing interview style and for the diversity of her guests. She has a reputation for researching her guests' work largely the night before an interview, often asking them unexpected questions about their early careers.


Early life

Terry Gross was born in
Brooklyn Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, be ...
, New York, and grew up in its
Sheepshead Bay Sheepshead, Sheephead, or Sheep's Head, may refer to: Fish * ''Archosargus probatocephalus'', a medium-sized saltwater fish of the Atlantic Ocean * Freshwater drum, ''Aplodinotus grunniens'', a medium-sized freshwater fish of North and Central Am ...
neighborhood, the second child of Anne (Abrams), a stenographer, and Irving Gross,Stated on '' Finding Your Roots'', January 21, 2020 who worked in a family millinery business, where he sold fabric to milliners. She grew up in a Jewish family, and all her grandparents were immigrants, her father's parents from Tarnów, Poland and her mother's from the Russian Empire. She said that her family lived in an apartment near Senior's Restaurant, a local landmark. When she was young, people would often ask where Gross came from, assuming that her lack of a heavy Brooklyn accent meant she grew up elsewhere. She has an older brother, Leon J. Gross, who works as a psychometric consultant. In 1968, Gross graduated from Sheepshead Bay High School. She earned a bachelor's degree in English and a Master of Education degree in communications from the University at Buffalo. While in college, she married her high-school boyfriend who attended the same university; they subsequently divorced. She took a year off from school to hitchhike across the country. In 1972, Gross started teaching
8th grade Eighth grade (or grade eight in some regions) is the eighth post- kindergarten year of formal education in the US. The eighth grade is the ninth school year, the second, third, fourth, or final year of middle school, or the second and/or final ...
at an inner-city public junior high school in Buffalo. She said she was ill-equipped for the job, especially at establishing discipline, and was fired after only six weeks.


Career

Gross began her radio career in 1973 at WBFO, an NPR CPB-funded college station, then broadcasting from the Main Street Campus of the University at Buffalo in Buffalo, New York, where she started out as a volunteer on a show called ''Woman Power'', then co-hosted ''This is Radio''. Typical subjects of these shows were women's rights and public affairs. In 1975, she moved to WHYY-FM in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
, to host and produce ''Fresh Air'', which was a local interview program at the time. In 1985, ''Fresh Air with Terry Gross'' went national, being distributed weekly by NPR. It became a daily program two years later. Gross typically conducts the interviews from the WHYY-FM studios in Philadelphia, with her subject at the studio of a local NPR affiliate convenient to them connected via telephone or satellite feed. For the majority of these conversations, Gross is not face-to-face with her subjects. Gross creates a daily show that is an hour long, usually includes two interviews, and is distributed to over 190 NPR stations. The show reaches an audience of millions of daily listeners. Many of the producers and staff on Gross's show have been with her since the late 1970s to 1980s.


Interview style

The '' San Francisco Chronicle'' wrote that Gross's interviews are "a remarkable blend of empathy, warmth, genuine curiosity, and sharp intelligence." Gross prides herself on preparation; prior to interviewing guests, she reads their books, watches their movies, or listens to their CDs. The ''
Boston Phoenix ''The Phoenix'' (stylized as ''The Phœnix'') was the name of several alternative weekly periodicals published in the United States of America by Phoenix Media/Communications Group of Boston, Massachusetts, including the ''Portland Phoenix'' and ...
'' opined that "Terry Gross ... is almost certainly the best cultural interviewer in America, and one of the best all-around interviewers, period. Her smart, thoughtful questioning pushes her guests in unlikely directions. Her interviews are revelatory in a way other people's seldom are." Gross said that when she first started working in radio, her voice was much higher with anxiety. For years she took singing lessons, and has worked to relax her voice and to a more natural, deeper tone. Much has been written about Gross's voice, and the precision of her use of language has been the subject of much analysis.


Difficult interviews

There have been some occasions when interviews have not gone smoothly. Gross asked Nancy Reagan about the lack of funding and mishandling of HIV/AIDS by her husband, President Ronald Reagan, which was not well received. Several guests, including Lou Reed, Jann Wenner, Faye Dunaway, Monica Lewinsky, Bill O'Reilly, and
Adam Driver Adam Douglas Driver (born November 19, 1983) is an American actor. He is the recipient of various accolades, including nominations for two Academy Awards, four Primetime Emmy Awards and a Tony Award; making him one of few performers nominated ...
, have stopped their interviews prematurely. Three notable examples are: * February 4, 2002: Kiss singer and bassist Gene Simmons. The interview began with Gross not pronouncing Simmons's original Hebrew last name to his liking. Simmons dismissively replied to her that she pronounced without "flavor" because she had a " Gentile mouth"; Gross responded that she is Jewish. In the interview, Gross asked Simmons about his studded codpiece, to which Simmons replied, "It holds in my manhood, otherwise it would be too much for you to take," adding, "If you want to welcome me with open arms, I'm afraid you're also going to have to welcome me with open legs," to which Gross replied, "That's a really obnoxious thing to say." Unlike most ''Fresh Air'' guests, Simmons refused to grant permission for the interview to be made available on the NPR website. The interview appears in Gross's book ''All I Did Was Ask'', and unauthorized transcripts and audio of the complete original interview are known to exist. * October 8, 2003:
Fox News The Fox News Channel, abbreviated FNC, commonly known as Fox News, and stylized in all caps, is an American multinational conservative cable news television channel based in New York City. It is owned by Fox News Media, which itself is o ...
television host Bill O'Reilly. O'Reilly walked out of the interview because of what he considered biased questions, creating a media controversy fed by the ongoing presidential campaign. Toward the end of the interview, O'Reilly asked Gross if she had been as tough on Al Franken, who had appeared on the program two weeks earlier. Gross responded, "No, I wasn't ... we had a different interview." Gross was later criticized by then NPR ombudsman
Jeffrey Dvorkin Jeffrey A. Dvorkin (born September 15, 1946) is a Canadian-American journalist. A Vice President of News and ombudsman for National Public Radio from 1997 to 2006, Dvorkin moved to the United States in 1997 following a lengthy career with the Canad ...
for "an interview that was, in the end, unfair to O'Reilly" and that "it felt as though Terry Gross was indeed 'carrying Al Franken's water'. " Dvorkin described Gross's interviewing tactic of reading a quote critical of O'Reilly after he had walked out of the room as "unethical and unfair". Gross was later supported by an NPR colleague, Mike Pesca, who contended that O'Reilly did have the opportunity to respond to a criticism that Gross read to O'Reilly levelled by ''People'' magazine, but that he defaulted by prematurely abandoning the interview. On September 24, 2004, Gross and O'Reilly met again on O'Reilly's television show, where Gross assured O'Reilly, "no matter what you ask me, I'm staying for the entire interview." * February 9, 2005: Lynne Cheney, conservative author and the wife of then- Vice President Dick Cheney. The initial focus of the interview was on Cheney's latest history book, but Gross moved on to questions about Cheney's lesbian daughter Mary and her opinion of the Bush administration's opposition to same-sex marriage. Cheney declined to comment on her daughter's sexuality, but repeatedly stated her opposition to a constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage, which was being endorsed by President George W. Bush. Cheney declined to discuss the matter further. When Gross brought the interview back to issues of gay rights, Cheney again refused to comment. According to producers, Cheney had been warned that Gross would ask about politics and current events.


Other appearances

Gross appeared as a guest-voice on '' The Simpsons'' as herself, in the episode "
The Debarted "The Debarted" is the thirteenth episode of the nineteenth season of the American animated television series ''The Simpsons''. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 2, 2008, and features Topher Grace as guest star a ...
". During the spring 1998 semester, Gross was a guest lecturer at
University of California-Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant u ...
's Graduate School of Journalism. In 2012, Gross appeared in a short comedic film by Mike Birbiglia titled "The Secret Criminal Life of Terry Gross." In 2015 she appeared on '' Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me'' and played the game "Not My Job", answering questions about Hulk Hogan. In January 2020, Gross appeared on the PBS program Finding Your Roots, in which she explored her Jewish heritage. A year prior, host
Henry Louis Gates Jr. Henry Louis "Skip" Gates Jr. (born September 16, 1950) is an American literary critic, professor, historian, and filmmaker, who serves as the Alphonse Fletcher University Professor and Director of the Hutchins Center for African and African Amer ...
had been a guest on ''Fresh Air''. At the conclusion of their ''Fresh Air'' interview, Gates invited Gross to appear on ''Finding Your Roots''. In 2020, Gross appeared as a fictionalized version of herself in the audiobook version of the Max Brooks novel Devolution. She is the voice of Pam in the HBO Max animated series
The Fungies! ''The Fungies!'' is an American animated comedy television series created by Stephen P. Neary for HBO Max. The first part of the first season premiered on August 20, 2020, on HBO Max, followed by the second part of the season on October 8, 20 ...
.


Personal life

While she was in college in the late 1960s, Gross was married for about a year to a man she knew from high school, with whom she had been living previously. Gross said she dropped out of college in her sophomore year to hitchhike with him across the country before they were married. She obtained a divorce by the time she started her radio career in 1973. Gross has been married to
Francis Davis Francis Davis (born August 30, 1946) is an American author and journalist. He is best known as the jazz critic for '' The Village Voice'', and a contributing editor for ''The Atlantic Monthly''. He has also worked in radio and film, and taught ...
, a former jazz critic for '' The Village Voice,'' since 1994. They have been together since 1978. Davis is Catholic, and Gross is Jewish, but neither is practicing. They reside in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
, and share a passion for music. They have no children, which Gross has said was a deliberate choice on their part.


Awards

* 1981: Corporation for Public Broadcasting Award for Best Live Radio Program * 1987: Ohio State Award * 1989: Drexel University, Honorary Doctor of Letters * 1993: SUNY–Buffalo, Distinguished Alumni Award * 1994: Peabody Award * 1998: Haverford College, Doctor of Letters * 1999: The Foundation of American Women In Radio and Television's
Gracie Allen Award The Gracie Awards are awards presented by the Alliance for Women in Media Foundation (AWM) in the United States, to celebrate and honor programming created for women, by women, and about women, as well as individuals who have made exemplary cont ...
, category: National Network Radio Personality * 2002:
Princeton University Princeton University is a private research university in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the ...
, Honorary Doctor of Humanities degree * 2003: Corporation for Public Broadcasting's Edward R. Murrow Award * 2007:
Literarian Award The National Book Awards are a set of annual U.S. literary awards. At the final National Book Awards Ceremony every November, the National Book Foundation presents the National Book Awards and two lifetime achievement awards to authors. The Nat ...
, a lifetime achievement award given by the National Book Foundation * 2007: SUNY–Buffalo, Doctor of Humane Letters * 2008:
Columbia University Columbia University (also known as Columbia, and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private research university in New York City. Established in 1754 as King's College on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhatt ...
's Graduate School of Journalism, Columbia Journalism Award * 2011: Authors Guild Award for Distinguished Service to the Literary Community * 2012: Inducted into the
Radio Hall of Fame The Radio Hall of Fame, formerly the National Radio Hall of Fame, is an American organization created by the Emerson Radio Corporation in 1988. Three years later, Bruce DuMont, founder, president, and CEO of the Museum of Broadcast Communicatio ...
* 2015:
National Humanities Medal The National Humanities Medal is an American award that annually recognizes several individuals, groups, or institutions for work that has "deepened the nation's understanding of the humanities, broadened our citizens' engagement with the huma ...
* 2022: Peabody Award


Works and publications


Books

* Gross, Terry. ''All I Did Was Ask: Conversations with Writers, Actors, Musicians, and Artists''. New York: Hyperion, 2004. , . .


Audio

* Gross, Terry. ''Fresh Air on Stage and Screen''. ashington, D.C. National Public Radio, 1998, 1996. Two sound cassettes. . . ** Tape 1. Mel Brooks, Nicolas Cage, Michael Caine, Francis Ford Coppola, Robert Duvall, Laurence Fishburne, Ed Harris, Jeremy Irons, Nathan Lane, Mercedes McCambridge, Wallace Shawn/ André Gregory ** Tape 2.
André Braugher Andre Keith Braugher (; born July 1, 1962) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Detective Frank Pembleton in the police drama series '' Homicide: Life on the Street'' (1993–1999), used car salesman Owen Thoreau Jr. in the co ...
,
Divine Divinity or the divine are things that are either related to, devoted to, or proceeding from a deity.divine< ...
, Faye Dunaway, Clint Eastwood, Dennis Franz, Audrey Hepburn, Dennis Hopper, Samuel L. Jackson, Harvey Keitel, Tracey Ullman * Gross, Terry. ''Fresh Air on Stage and Screen. Vol. 2''. ashington, D.C. National Public Radio, 2000. Three CDs. . . ** David Chase, John Cusack, Catherine Deneuve, Peter Fonda, Gene Hackman, Uta Hagen, Werner Herzog, Dustin Hoffman,
Anjelica Huston Anjelica Huston ( ; born July 8, 1951) is an American actress and director. Known for often portraying eccentric and distinctive characters, she has received multiple accolades, including an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award, as well as nom ...
, Samuel L. Jackson, David Mamet, Bill Murray, Diane Keaton, Al Pacino, Sidney Poitier, Clarence Williams III, James Woods * Gross, Terry. ''Laughs: Fresh Air with Terry Gross erry Gross Interviews 21 Stars of Comedy Philadelphia, PA: WHYY, 2003, 2004. Three CDs. . . ** Disc 1: Ahmed Ahmed & Maz Jobrani, Al Franken, Bill Maher, Conan O'Brien, Richard Pryor, Martin Short, Tracey Ullman ** Disc 2: Richard Belzer, Drew Carey, Larry David, Carol Leifer, Jon Lovitz,
Colin Quinn Colin Edward Quinn (born June 6, 1959) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, and writer. Quinn first gained widespread attention for his work as a cast member and writer for the NBC sketch comedy series '' Saturday Night Live'' from 1995 to 2 ...
, Chris Rock ** Disc 3: Phyllis Diller, Jay Leno, Jackie Mason, Bob Newhart,
Joan Rivers Joan Alexandra Molinsky (June 8, 1933 – September 4, 2014), known professionally as Joan Rivers, was an American comedian, actress, producer, writer and television host. She was noted for her blunt, often controversial comedic persona—heavi ...
, Henny Youngman * Gross, Terry, et al. ''Fresh Air with Terry Gross. Terry Gross Interviews 11 Stars of Stage & Screen''. inneapolis, Minn. HighBridge, 2007, 2014. Two CDs. . . ** Dave Chappelle, George Clooney, Stephen Colbert, David Cronenberg, Tim Curry, Jodie Foster, Lisa Kudrow, CCH Pounder, Thelma Schoonmaker, Billy Bob Thornton, Robin Williams * Gross, Terry. ''Fresh Air with Terry Gross. Faith, Reason & Doubt''. inneapolis, Minn. Highbridge Co., 2008. Three CDs. . . ** Disc 1. Karen Armstrong, Pastor John Hagee,
Tim LaHaye Timothy Francis LaHaye (April 27, 1926 – July 25, 2016) was an American Baptist evangelical Christian minister who wrote more than 85 books, both fiction and non-fiction, including the ''Left Behind'' series of apocalyptic fiction, which h ...
,
Julia Sweeney Julia Anne Sweeney (born October 10, 1959) is an American actress, comedian, and author, who gained fame as a cast member on '' Saturday Night Live'' from 1990 to 1994. She played Mrs. Keeper in the film '' Stuart Little'' and voiced Brittany in ...
,
Michael Wex Michael Wex (born September 12, 1954) is a Canadian novelist, playwright, translator, lecturer, performer, and author of books on language and literature.Richard Dawkins, Francis Collins,
Barbara Brown Taylor Barbara Brown Taylor (born 1951) is an American Episcopal priest, academic, and author. In 2014, ''Time'' magazine placed her in its annual ''Time'' 100 list of most influential people in the world. Education and recognition Taylor was born on S ...
, Steven Waldman, Shalom Auslander ** Disc 3. Akbar Ahmed, James H. Cone, Khaled Abou El Fadl, Reynolds Price, Bishop Gene Robinson * Gross, Terry. ''Fresh Air with Terry Gross Funny People: More Interviews with Stars of Comedy''. Minneapolis, Minn: Highbridge, 2010. Two CDs. . .


Video

* 2012: Birbiglia, Mike. ''Fresh Air 2: 2 Fresh 2 Furious'' (short film).


References


Further reading

* *


External links


Terry Gross
at NPR * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Gross, Terry 1951 births Living people American broadcast news analysts American talk radio hosts American women television journalists Jewish American journalists Journalists from Pennsylvania The New Yorker people NPR personalities Peabody Award winners People from Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn Radio personalities from Philadelphia Sheepshead Bay High School alumni University at Buffalo alumni American women radio journalists American women radio presenters National Humanities Medal recipients American people of Polish-Jewish descent American people of Russian-Jewish descent 21st-century non-fiction writers 21st-century American Jews 21st-century American women