''Tephrosia'' is a genus of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants t ...

s in the

pea The pea is most commonly the small spherical seed or the seed-pod of the flowering plant species ''Pisum sativum''. Each pod contains several peas, which can be green or yellow. Botanically, pea pods are fruit, since they contain seeds and d ...

family,

Fabaceae The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomenc ...

. It is widespread in both the Eastern and Western Hemisphere, where it is found in tropical and warm-temperate regions. The generic name is derived from the

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

word τεφρος (''tephros''), meaning "ash-colored," referring to the greyish tint given to the leaves by their dense

trichome Trichomes (); ) are fine outgrowths or appendages on plants, algae, lichens, and certain protists. They are of diverse structure and function. Examples are hairs, glandular hairs, scales, and papillae. A covering of any kind of hair on a p ...

s. Hoarypea is a common name for plants in this genus, along with Goat's Rue and Devil's Shoestring.

Uses

Many species in the genus are poisonous, particularly to

fish Fish are Aquatic animal, aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack Limb (anatomy), limbs with Digit (anatomy), digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and Chondrichthyes, cartilaginous and bony fish as we ...

, for their high concentration of

rotenone Rotenone is an odorless, colorless, crystalline isoflavone used as a broad-spectrum insecticide, piscicide, and pesticide. It occurs naturally in the seeds and stems of several plants, such as the jicama vine plant, and the roots of several mem ...

. The black seeds of ''Tephrosia'' species have historically been used by indigenous cultures as

fish toxins Fish toxins or fish stupefying plants have historically been used by many hunter gatherer cultures to stun fish, so they become easy to collect by hand. Some of these toxins paralyse fish, which can then be easily collected. The process of docume ...

.NTFlora Northern Territory Flora online:
''Flora of the Darwin Region: Fabaceae.''
Retrieved 10 June 2018 In the last century, several ''Tephrosia'' species have been studied in connection with the use of

as an

insecticide Insecticides are substances used to kill insects. They include ovicides and larvicides used against insect eggs and larvae, respectively. Insecticides are used in agriculture, medicine, industry and by consumers. Insecticides are claimed t ...

and

pesticide Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests. This includes herbicide, insecticide, nematicide, molluscicide, piscicide, avicide, rodenticide, bactericide, insect repellent, animal repellent, microbicide, fungicide, and ...

. ''

Tephrosia vogelii ''Tephrosia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is widespread in both the Eastern and Western Hemisphere, where it is found in tropical and warm-temperate regions. The generic name is derived from the Greek word τ ...

'' is also one of the many beneficial nitrogen-fixing legumes that can be used in a

permaculture Permaculture is an approach to land management and settlement design that adopts arrangements observed in flourishing natural ecosystems. It includes a set of design principles derived using whole-systems thinking. It applies these principl ...

forest gardening Forest gardening is a low-maintenance, sustainable, plant-based food production and agroforestry system based on woodland ecosystems, incorporating fruit and nut trees, shrubs, herbs, vines and perennial vegetables which have yields directly u ...

system as a source of living 'chop and drop' mulch.

Species

Species include: *''

Tephrosia abbottiae ''Tephrosia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is widespread in both the Eastern and Western Hemisphere, where it is found in tropical and warm-temperate regions. The generic name is derived from the Greek word τ ...

'' C.E.Wood *'' Tephrosia acaciifolia'' Baker *''

Tephrosia adunca ''Tephrosia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is widespread in both the Eastern and Western Hemisphere, where it is found in tropical and warm-temperate regions. The generic name is derived from the Greek word τ ...

'' Benth. *'' Tephrosia aequilata'' Baker *'' Tephrosia alba'' Du Puy & Labat *'' Tephrosia albissima'' H.M.L.Forbes *''

Tephrosia ambigua ''Tephrosia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is widespread in both the Eastern and Western Hemisphere, where it is found in tropical and warm-temperate regions. The generic name is derived from the Greek wor ...

'' D.Dietr. *''

Tephrosia amoena ''Tephrosia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is widespread in both the Eastern and Western Hemisphere, where it is found in tropical and warm-temperate regions. The generic name is derived from the Greek wor ...

'' E.Mey. *''

Tephrosia andongensis ''Tephrosia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is widespread in both the Eastern and Western Hemisphere, where it is found in tropical and warm-temperate regions. The generic name is derived from the Greek wor ...

'' Baker *''

Tephrosia angustissima ''Tephrosia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is widespread in both the Eastern and Western Hemisphere, where it is found in tropical and warm-temperate regions. The generic name is derived from the Greek wor ...

'' Chapman *''

Tephrosia anomala ''Tephrosia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is widespread in both the Eastern and Western Hemisphere, where it is found in tropical and warm-temperate regions. The generic name is derived from the Greek word τ ...

'' Thulin *''

Tephrosia apollinea ''Tephrosia apollinea'' is a legume species, native to southwest Asia (the Levant, Arabian Peninsula, Socotra, Iran, Pakistan, northwestern India) and northeast Africa (Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia). The leaflets of the p ...

'' (Delile) DC. *''

Tephrosia arenicola ''Tephrosia arenicola'' is a plant in the Fabaceae family, native to the north of Western Australia. The species has no synonyms. Description ''Tephrosia arenicola'' is shrub covered with dense intertwined hairs (tomentose). The shrub consis ...

'' Maconochie *''

Tephrosia argyrolampra ''Tephrosia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is widespread in both the Eastern and Western Hemisphere, where it is found in tropical and warm-temperate regions. The generic name is derived from the Greek word τ ...

'' Harms *''

Tephrosia argyrotricha ''Tephrosia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is widespread in both the Eastern and Western Hemisphere, where it is found in tropical and warm-temperate regions. The generic name is derived from the Greek word τ ...

'' Harms *''

Tephrosia arnhemica ''Tephrosia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is widespread in both the Eastern and Western Hemisphere, where it is found in tropical and warm-temperate regions. The generic name is derived from the Greek word τ ...

'' C.T.White *''

Tephrosia astragaloides ''Tephrosia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is widespread in both the Eastern and Western Hemisphere, where it is found in tropical and warm-temperate regions. The generic name is derived from the Greek word τ ...

'' Benth. *'' Tephrosia athiensis'' Baker f. *'' Tephrosia aurantiaca'' Harms *'' Tephrosia bachmannii'' Harms *'' Tephrosia barba-jovis'' Cufod. *'' Tephrosia barbatala'' Bosman & de Haas *'' Tephrosia barberi'' J.R.Drumm. *'' Tephrosia belizensis'' Lundell *'' Tephrosia benthamii'' Pedley *'' Tephrosia berhautiana'' Lescot *'' Tephrosia betsileensis'' (R.Vig.) Du Puy & Labat *'' Tephrosia bibracteolata'' (Dumaz-le-Grand) Du Puy & Labat *'' Tephrosia bidwillii'' Benth. *'' Tephrosia boiviniana'' Baill. *'' Tephrosia brachycarpa'' Benth. *'' Tephrosia brachyodon'' Domin *'' Tephrosia bracteolata'' Guill. & Perr. *'' Tephrosia brummittii'' Schrire *'' Tephrosia burchellii'' Burtt Davy *'' Tephrosia caerulea'' Baker f. *'' Tephrosia calophylla'' Bedd. *'' Tephrosia cana'' Brandegee *'' Tephrosia canarensis'' J.R.Drumm. *''

Tephrosia candida ''Tephrosia candida'', the white hoarypea, is a perennial shrub, native to India, in the legume family. It has been introduced to Malesia, South America, Africa, South East Asia and Australia. Etymology The genus name, ''Tephrosia'', derives f ...

Tephrosia elongata ''Tephrosia elongata'' is a plant native to Africa south of the equator. It occurs from northern and eastern South Africa to the highlands of Malawi and Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya ...

Tephrosia obovata ''Tephrosia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is widespread in both the Eastern and Western Hemisphere, where it is found in tropical and warm-temperate regions. The generic name is derived from the Greek word τ ...

'' Merr. *'' Tephrosia odorata'' Balf.f. *'' Tephrosia oligophylla'' Benth. *'' Tephrosia onobrychoides'' Nutt. *'' Tephrosia oubanguiensis'' Tisser. *''

Tephrosia oxygona ''Tephrosia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is widespread in both the Eastern and Western Hemisphere, where it is found in tropical and warm-temperate regions. The generic name is derived from the Greek wor ...

'' Baker *'' Tephrosia pachypoda'' L.Riley *'' Tephrosia pallens'' (Aiton) Pers. *'' Tephrosia palmeri'' S.Watson *'' Tephrosia paniculata'' Baker *'' Tephrosia parvifolia'' (R.Vig.) Du Puy & Labat *'' Tephrosia paucijuga'' Harms *'' Tephrosia pearsonii'' Baker f. *'' Tephrosia pedicellata'' Baker *'' Tephrosia pentaphylla'' (Roxb.) G.Don *'' Tephrosia perrieri'' R.Vig. *'' Tephrosia persica'' Boiss. (called نیلکی ''Nilaki'' in Persian)SID.ir , بررسی اثر سیتوتوکسیک دو گیاه اسپرس درختی نقره ای (Taverniera spartea DC.) و نیلکی (Tephrosia persica Boiss.) بر رده های سلولی سرطان انسانی . (2022). Sid.ir. Retrieved 12 May 2022, from https://www.sid.ir/Fa/Plan/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=953 *'' Tephrosia phaeosperma'' Benth. *'' Tephrosia phylloxylon'' (R.Vig.) Du Puy & Labat *'' Tephrosia pietersii'' H.M.L.Forbes *'' Tephrosia pinifolia'' Du Puy & Labat *'' Tephrosia platycarpa'' Guill. & Perr. *'' Tephrosia platyphylla'' (Rose) Standl. *'' Tephrosia pogonocalyx'' C.E.Wood *'' Tephrosia polyphylla'' (Chiov.) J.B.Gillett *'' Tephrosia polystachya'' E.Mey. *'' Tephrosia polyzyga'' Benth. *''

Tephrosia pondoensis ''Tephrosia pondoensis'' (pondo poison pea, af, Pondo-Gifertjie) is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found only in South Africa, where it is protected under the National Forest Act (Act 84) of 1998. The pondo poison pea is thr ...

'' (Codd) Schrire *'' Tephrosia porrecta'' Benth. *'' Tephrosia potosina'' Brandegee *'' Tephrosia praecana'' Brummitt *'' Tephrosia pringlei'' (Rose) J.F.Macbr. *'' Tephrosia pseudolongipes'' Baker f. *'' Tephrosia pulchella'' Hook. f. *'' Tephrosia pumila'' (Lam.) Pers. *'' Tephrosia punctata'' J.B.Gillett *'' Tephrosia pungens'' (R.Vig.) Du Puy & Labat *''

Tephrosia purpurea ''Tephrosia purpurea'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, that has a pantropical distribution. It is a common wasteland weed. In many parts it is under cultivation as green manure crop. It is found throughout India and Sri La ...

'' (L.) Pers. *'' Tephrosia quercetorum'' C.E.Wood *'' Tephrosia radicans'' Baker *'' Tephrosia rechingeri'' Ali *'' Tephrosia remotiflora'' Benth. *'' Tephrosia reptans'' Baker *'' Tephrosia retamoides'' (Baker) Soler. *'' Tephrosia reticulata'' Benth. *'' Tephrosia retusa'' Burtt Davy *'' Tephrosia rhodantha'' Brandegee *'' Tephrosia rhodesica'' Baker f. *'' Tephrosia richardsiae'' J.B.Gillett *'' Tephrosia rigida'' Span. *'' Tephrosia rigidula'' Baker *'' Tephrosia ringoetii'' Baker f. *'' Tephrosia robinsoniana'' Brummitt *'' Tephrosia rosea'' Benth. *'' Tephrosia roxburghiana'' J.R.Drumm. *'' Tephrosia rufula'' Pedley *'' Tephrosia rugelii'' Shuttlew. *'' Tephrosia rupicola'' J.B.Gillett *'' Tephrosia savannicola'' Domin *'' Tephrosia saxicola'' C.E.Wood *'' Tephrosia scopulata'' Thulin *'' Tephrosia seemannii'' (Britten & Baker f.) K.Schum. *'' Tephrosia semiglabra'' Sond. *'' Tephrosia seminole'' Shinners *'' Tephrosia sengaensis'' Baker f. *'' Tephrosia senna'' Kunth *'' Tephrosia senticosa'' (L.) Pers. *'' Tephrosia sessiliflora'' (Poir.) Hassl. *'' Tephrosia seticulosa'' (L.) Pers. *'' Tephrosia shamimii'' Ali *'' Tephrosia shiluwanensis'' Schinz *'' Tephrosia siamensis'' J.R.Drumm. *'' Tephrosia simulans'' C.E.Wood *'' Tephrosia sinapou'' (Buc'hoz) A.Chev. *'' Tephrosia singuliflora'' F.Muell. *'' Tephrosia smythiae'' McVaugh *'' Tephrosia socotrana'' Thulin *'' Tephrosia sousae'' O. Téllez *'' Tephrosia spechtii'' Pedley *'' Tephrosia sphaerospora'' F.Muell. *'' Tephrosia spicata'' (Walter) Torr. & A.Gray *''

Tephrosia spinosa ''Tephrosia spinosa'' is a flowering plant species in the genus '' Tephrosia'' native from India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Indonesia. Eupalitin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, a glycoside of the flavonol eupalitin Eupalitin is an O-methylated flav ...

'' (L.f.) Pers. *'' Tephrosia stipularis'' (Desv.) DC. *'' Tephrosia stipuligera'' W.Fitzg. *'' Tephrosia stormsii'' De Wild. *'' Tephrosia stricta'' (L.f.) Pers. *'' Tephrosia strigosa'' (Dalzell) Santapau & Maheshw. *'' Tephrosia stuartii'' Benth. *'' Tephrosia subaphylla'' Du Puy & Labat *'' Tephrosia submontana'' (Rose) L.Riley *'' Tephrosia subnuda'' Domin *'' Tephrosia subpectinata'' Domin *'' Tephrosia subpraecox'' Cronquist *'' Tephrosia subtriflora'' Baker *'' Tephrosia subulata'' Hutch. & Burtt Davy *'' Tephrosia supina'' Domin *'' Tephrosia sylitroides'' Baker f. *'' Tephrosia sylviae'' Berhaut *'' Tephrosia tanganyikensis'' De Wild. *'' Tephrosia tepicana'' (Standl.) Standl. *'' Tephrosia thurberi'' Rydb. *'' Tephrosia tinctoria'' Pers. *'' Tephrosia totta'' (Thunb.) Pers. *'' Tephrosia travancorica'' Thoth. & D.N.Das *'' Tephrosia tundavalensis'' Bamps *'' Tephrosia uniflora'' Pers. *'' Tephrosia uniovulata'' F.Muell. *'' Tephrosia varians'' (Bailey) C.T.White *'' Tephrosia verdickii'' De Wild. *'' Tephrosia vernicosa'' C.E.Wood *'' Tephrosia vestita'' Vogel *'' Tephrosia vicioides'' Schltdl. *'' Tephrosia viguieri'' Du Puy & Labat *'' Tephrosia villosa'' (L.) Pers. *'' Tephrosia virens'' Pedley *'' Tephrosia virgata'' H.M.L.Forbes *'' Tephrosia virginiana'' (L.) Pers. *''

'' Hook.f. *'' Tephrosia vohimenaensis'' Du Puy & Labat *'' Tephrosia watsoniana'' (Standl.) J.F.Macbr. *'' Tephrosia whyteana'' Baker f. *'' Tephrosia wynaadensis'' J.R.Drumm. *'' Tephrosia zambiana'' Brummitt *'' Tephrosia zollingeri'' Backer *'' Tephrosia zoutpansbergensis'' Bremek.

Hybrids

Hybrids include: *''Tephrosia'' × ''intermedia'' (Small) G.L. Nesom & Zarucchi

References

External links

* * l
Plantilustrations.org: ''Tephrosia''.
(Botanical illustrations for ''Tephrosia'' species.) * * {{Taxonbar, from=Q3236409 Fabaceae genera Millettieae Taxa named by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

Uses

Species

Hybrids

See also

References

External links