Tantramar Marshes
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The Tantramar Marshes, also known as the Tintamarre National Wildlife Area, is a tidal saltmarsh around the
Bay of Fundy The Bay of Fundy (french: Baie de Fundy) is a bay between the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, with a small portion touching the U.S. state of Maine. It is an arm of the Gulf of Maine. Its extremely high tidal range is the hi ...
on the
Isthmus of Chignecto The Isthmus of Chignecto is an isthmus bordering the Maritime provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia that connects the Nova Scotia peninsula with North America. The isthmus separates the waters of Chignecto Bay, a sub-basin of the Bay of Fun ...
. The area borders between Route 940, Route 16 and Route 2 near
Sackville, New Brunswick Sackville is a town in southeastern New Brunswick, Canada. It is home to Mount Allison University, a primarily undergraduate liberal arts university. Historically based on agriculture, shipbuilding, and manufacturing, the economy is now driven ...
. The government of Canada proposed the boundaries of the Tantramar Marshes in 1966 and was declared a
National Wildlife Area A National Wildlife Area is a conservation designation for a geographical region in Canada that restricts most human activities on that region. However, land use permits may be issued "for activities that are compatible with conservation". Suc ...
in 1978. The marshes are an important stopover for migrating waterfowl such as semi-palmated
sandpiper Sandpipers are a large family, Scolopacidae, of waders. They include many species called sandpipers, as well as those called by names such as curlew and snipe. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. ...
s and
Canada geese The Canada goose (''Branta canadensis''), or Canadian goose, is a large wild goose with a black head and neck, white cheeks, white under its chin, and a brown body. It is native to the arctic and temperate regions of North America, and it is o ...
. Now a
National Wildlife Area A National Wildlife Area is a conservation designation for a geographical region in Canada that restricts most human activities on that region. However, land use permits may be issued "for activities that are compatible with conservation". Suc ...
, the marshes are the site of two bird sanctuaries. The name ''Tantramar'' is derived from the
Acadian The Acadians (french: Acadiens , ) are an ethnic group descended from the French who settled in the New France colony of Acadia during the 17th and 18th centuries. Most Acadians live in the region of Acadia, as it is the region where the de ...
French ''tintamarre'', meaning 'din' or 'racket', a reference to the noisy flocks of birds which feed there. The Mi'kmaq, an Indigenous nation, historically inhabited the surrounding areas of the Tantramar Marshes. Communities currently on or bordering the marshes include, in
New Brunswick New Brunswick (french: Nouveau-Brunswick, , locally ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. It is the only province with both English and ...
:
Aulac Aulac is a Canadian community in Westmorland County, New Brunswick. It is located between the college town of Sackville and the provincial border with Nova Scotia. Geography Aulac is situated upon the Aulac Ridge, a prominent rise running westâ ...
and Sackville, and on the
Nova Scotia Nova Scotia ( ; ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. Nova Scotia is Latin for "New Scotland". Most of the population are native Eng ...
side: Amherst, and
Fort Lawrence Fort Lawrence was a British fort built during Father Le Loutre's War and located on the Isthmus of Chignecto (in the modern-day community of Fort Lawrence). Father Le Loutre's War Despite the British Conquest of Acadia in 1710, Nova Scotia rema ...
. The landscape of the Tantramar Marshes has provided subject matter for the poets Charles G.D. Roberts,
Bliss Carman William Bliss Carman (April 15, 1861 – June 8, 1929) was a Canadian poet who lived most of his life in the United States, where he achieved international fame. He was acclaimed as Canada's poet laureate during his later years. In Canada, Car ...
,
Douglas Lochhead Douglas Grant Lochhead (pronounced ''Lock''-heed) FRSC (March 25, 1922 – March 15, 2011) was a Canadian poet, academic librarian, bibliographer and university professor who published more than 30 collections of poetry over five decades, from 1 ...
, Marilyn Lerch and
Elizabeth Bishop Elizabeth Bishop (February 8, 1911 – October 6, 1979) was an American people, American poet and short-story writer. She was Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress from 1949 to 1950, the Pulitzer Prize winner for Poetry in 1956, the N ...
, painter
Alex Colville David Alexander Colville, LL. D. (24 August 1920 – 16 July 2013) was a painter and printmaker who continues to achieve both popular and critical success. Early life and war artist Born in 1920 in Toronto, Ontario, Colville moved with his ...
, and photographer Thaddeus Holownia.


National wildlife area status

The boundaries of Tintamarre National Wildlife Area were proposed in 1966 for the National Habitat Protection Program, through the government of Canada.Environment and Climate Change Canada. 2016. Tintamarre National Wildlife Area Management Plan. Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, Atlantic Region, 7 pp./ref> The land was acquired by the Canadian Government up until the mid 1970s and officially declared a
National Wildlife Area A National Wildlife Area is a conservation designation for a geographical region in Canada that restricts most human activities on that region. However, land use permits may be issued "for activities that are compatible with conservation". Suc ...
in 1978. Tintamarre Marshes consists of 1960 hectares that consist primarily of wetlands and historic agricultural land. Two additional units to the area are being proposed but unofficial, surrounding Hog Lake and Towers Goose Lake. National Wildlife areas like Tintamarre are created to manage and protect native wildlife. Tintamarre Marsh is a breeding area for several types of waterfowl, and home to numerous plants and animals. Environment and Climate Change Canada manages the well being of the various species in Tintamarre and their long time goal is “to maintain and enhance habitat for native wildlife, with a priority given to waterfowl, wetland birds and species at risk.” as outlined in a 2016 report. Seven management goals were outlined: wetland diversity, open fields, upland habitat, fish passage, invasive species, human activity, and exterior forces. Many of the threats posed to the National Wildlife Area are of anthropogenic origin. Unauthorized activities such as camping - including fires, - off road vehicle use, and an overall increase in tourism have the potential to harm and destroy the vulnerable habitat. Other human-based concerns include nearby wind power farms disrupting migratory bird populations and fish pathways for diadromous species no longer functioning as intended. Non-anthropogenic threats include invasive species outcompeting native wildlife and climate change.


Natural environment


Wildlife

The Tantramar Marsh is a saltwater tidal marsh comprising many interconnecting waterways.Tantramar Marsh , The Canadian Encyclopedia
. ''www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca''. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
Much of the area is below sea level, but instances of flooding are prevented by the soft ground and plant life which withhold water and filter out toxins. This mix of fresh and saltwater creates unique ecosystems for many species, mostly birds and fish. The word “Tantramar” comes from the French “tintamarre” which means “din”, a reference to the cacophony of noise made by the local waterfowl. The environment provides a good stop-over for birds migrating between northern Canada and warmer, southern climates. The marshes are home to species such as the
Northern harrier The northern harrier (''Circus hudsonius''), or ring-tailed hawk, is a bird of prey. It breeds throughout the northern parts of the northern hemisphere in Canada and the northernmost USA. The northern harrier migrates to more southerly areas ...
(Circus hudsonius),
American bittern The American bittern (''Botaurus lentiginosus'') is a species of wading bird in the heron family. It has a Nearctic distribution, breeding in Canada and the northern and central parts of the United States, and wintering in the U.S. Gulf Coast ...
(Botaurus lentiginosus),
Sora (bird) The sora (''Porzana carolina'') is a small waterbird of the rail family Rallidae, sometimes also referred to as the sora rail or sora crake, that occurs throughout much of North America. The genus name ''Porzana'' is derived from Venetian terms ...
(Porzana carolina), muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), and
maritime shrew The maritime shrew (''Sorex maritimensis'') is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is found in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend f ...
(Sorex maritimensis), all of which are vital to the marsh’s ecological systems.


Keystone species

The presence of these
keystone species A keystone species is a species which has a disproportionately large effect on its natural environment relative to its abundance, a concept introduced in 1969 by the zoologist Robert T. Paine. Keystone species play a critical role in maintaini ...
ensures the continued vitality of the marshes and the ecosystems that they support. The Northern harrier is a bird of prey, feeding on small rodents which eat grass seeds and the eggs and young of other birds. The American bittern and Sora are elusive waterfowl which are highly sensitive to changes in their environment, so they have been classified as
indicator species A bioindicator is any species (an indicator species) or group of species whose function, population, or status can reveal the qualitative status of the environment. The most common indicator species are animals. For example, copepods and other sma ...
. A decrease in their populations alerts conservationists to issues in the marshes such as degradation, loss of prey species, or human interference. The muskrat is a rat-sized rodent which has evolved to become semi-aquatic. They feed on cattails and yellow water lilies, creating open water areas that best suit waterfowl, fish, and frogs. The Maritime shrew is another rodent, slightly smaller than the muskrat, which responds to increasing numbers of insects and goes on a feasting spree. It keeps these numbers down and prevents insects from becoming too numerous.Bragge, Laurie (November 2007),
Issues of Stability in the Southern Highlands Province
(PDF), ''Conflict and Resource Development: In The Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea'', ANU Press, retrieved 2022-10-11


Species at risk

The marshes are also home to numerous species at risk as designated under the
Species at Risk Act The ''Species at Risk Act'' (SARA) (the ''Act'') is a piece of Canadian federal legislation which became law in Canada on December 12, 2002. It is designed to meet one of Canada's key commitments under the International Convention on Biological D ...
(SARA). Bird species include the
barn swallow The barn swallow (''Hirundo rustica'') is the most widespread species of swallow in the world. In fact, it appears to have the largest natural distribution of any of the world's passerines, ranging over 251 million square kilometres globally. ...
(Hirundo rustica),
chimney swift The chimney swift (''Chaetura pelagica'') is a bird belonging to the swift family Apodidae. A member of the genus ''Chaetura'', it is closely related to both the Vaux's swift and the Chapman's swift; in the past, the three were sometimes conside ...
(Chaetura pelagica),
Canada warbler The Canada warbler (''Cardellina canadensis'') is a small boreal songbird of the New World warbler family (Parulidae). It summers in Canada and northeastern United States and winters in northern South America. Taxonomy In 1760 the French zoolo ...
(Cardellina canadensis),
olive-sided flycatcher The olive-sided flycatcher (''Contopus cooperi'') is a small to medium sized passerine bird in the family Tyrannidae, the Tyrant flycatcher family. It is a migratory species that travels from South to North America to breed during the summer. It ...
(Contopus cooperi),
bobolink The bobolink (''Dolichonyx oryzivorus'') is a small New World blackbird and the only member of the genus ''Dolichonyx''. An old name for this species is the "rice bird", from its tendency to feed on cultivated grains during winter and migration. ...
(Dolichonyx oryzivorus),
common nighthawk The common nighthawk (''Chordeiles minor'') is a medium-sized crepuscular or nocturnal bird of the Americas within the nightjar family, whose presence and identity are best revealed by its vocalization. Typically dark (gray, black and brown), ...
(Chordeiles minor),
red knot The red knot or just knot (''Calidris canutus'') is a medium-sized shorebird which breeds in tundra and the Arctic Cordillera in the far north of Canada, Europe, and Russia. It is a large member of the ''Calidris'' sandpipers, second only to the ...
(Calidris canutus),
least bittern The least bittern (''Ixobrychus exilis'') is a small heron, the smallest member of the family Ardeidae found in the Americas. Taxonomy The least bittern was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his re ...
(Ixobrychus exilis),
eastern meadowlark The eastern meadowlark (''Sturnella magna'') is a medium-sized blackbird (family: Icteridae), very similar in appearance to sister species western meadowlark. It occurs from eastern North America to northern South America, where it is also most w ...
(Sturnella magna), and
short-eared owl The short-eared owl (''Asio flammeus'') is a widespread grassland species in the family Strigidae. Owls belonging to genus ''Asio'' are known as the eared owls, as they have tufts of feathers resembling mammalian ears. These "ear" tufts may or ...
(Asio flammeus). The American eel (Anguilla rostrata) also makes its home here as it can breed in the Gulf’s salt water and migrate the short distance to fresh river water in the marshes. The
Atlantic salmon The Atlantic salmon (''Salmo salar'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae. It is the third largest of the Salmonidae, behind Siberian taimen and Pacific Chinook salmon, growing up to a meter in length. Atlantic salmon are ...
(Salmo salar) also enjoys the mix of salt and fresh water – the eggs are laid in the clean waters of rivers and streams where the young can feed and grow safely. Once large enough, they migrate to the salt waters of the gulf until they are ready to return to the marsh to breed. The
monarch butterfly The monarch butterfly or simply monarch (''Danaus plexippus'') is a milkweed butterfly (subfamily Danainae) in the family Nymphalidae. Other common names, depending on region, include milkweed, common tiger, wanderer, and black-veined brown. It ...
(Danaus plexippus) breeds in the marshes during the summer months, thanks to the presence of its
Host plant In biology and medicine, a host is a larger organism that harbours a smaller organism; whether a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist ''guest'' ( symbiont). The guest is typically provided with nourishment and shelter. Examples include ...
Milkweed ''Asclepias'' is a genus of herbaceous, perennial, flowering plants known as milkweeds, named for their latex, a milky substance containing cardiac glycosides termed cardenolides, exuded where cells are damaged. Most species are toxic to humans ...
.


Plant life

With its ability to thrive in exposed environments with low-lying landscapes,
Spartina ''Spartina'' is a taxon of plants in the grass family, frequently found in coastal salt marshes. Its species are commonly known as cordgrass or cord-grass, and are native to the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean in western and southern Europe, nort ...
dominates the plant life in the Tantramar marshes. The spartina is essential in stabilizing clay, sand, silt, and muck of the saltmarshes.Hood, Sabrina (2008).
Planning for Climate Change in Coastal Regions of Tantramar, New Brunswick: Risks and Recommendations
Saltwater cordgrass (Spartina alternifolia) grows closest to water in the low marshlands along the boundaries of the tidal rivers and are flooded daily with salt water (about 12-15%). Salt-meadow cordgrass (Spartina patens) grow in the high marshlands and are only flooded 2% of the time allowing them to grow taller than saltwater cordgrass. Another type of grass plant is the freshwater cordgrass (Spartina pectinata) which can obtain freshwater runoff from uplands allowing them to grow the tallest of the three. Freshwater cordgrass gets flooded a few times throughout the year during high tides in spring. Additionally to spartina, located in the middle marshlands, there are two plants that are a part of a low-growing succulent plant family. The samphire (
Salicornia europaea ''Salicornia europaea'', known as common glasswort or just glasswort, is a halophyte, halophytic annual dicot flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae. Glasswort is a succulent herb also known as ‘Pickle weed’ or ‘Samphire, Marsh samph ...
) and seablite ( Suaeda maritima) grow in bare mud that is located in the middle area that sits just above the high tides of the marshland. In the high marshlands, there is sea lavender ( Limonium carolinianum), arrow-grass (
Triglochin maritima ''Triglochin maritima'' is a species of flowering plant in the arrowgrass family Juncaginaceae. It is found in brackish marshes, freshwater marshes, wet sandy beaches, fens, damp grassland and bogs. It has a circumboreal distribution, occurring ...
), seaside plantain (
Plantago ''Plantago'' is a genus of about 200 species of flowering plants in the family Plantaginaceae, commonly called plantains or fleaworts. The common name plantain is shared with the unrelated cooking plantain. Most are herbaceous plants, though a ...
juncoides),  seamilkwort ( Glaux maritima), and love-grass (
Eragrostis ''Eragrostis'' is a large and widespread genus of plants in the grass family, found in many countries on all inhabited continents and many islands. ''Eragrostis'' is commonly known as lovegrass or canegrass. The name of the genus is derived fr ...
sp.). In naturally forming lakes, there are several plant species belonging to the genus
Nuphar ''Nuphar'' is a genus of aquatic plants in the family Nymphaeaceae, with a temperate to subarctic Northern Hemisphere distribution. Common names include water-lily (Eurasian species; shared with many other genera in the same family), pond-lily, a ...
. Due to better water and soil drainage, these plants are able to prosper. These species include water lilies,
Bladderwort ''Utricularia'', commonly and collectively called the bladderworts, is a genus of carnivorous plants consisting of approximately 233 species (precise counts differ based on classification opinions; a 2001 publication lists 215 species).Salmon, Br ...
(Utricularia), Buckbean (Menyanthes), mare’s tail (
Hippuris vulgaris ''Hippuris vulgaris'' (from Greek: áŒ”Ï€Ï€ÎżÏ‚ — ''horse'' and ÎżáœÏÎŹ — ''tail''), known as mare's-tail or common mare's-tail, is a common aquatic plant of Eurasia and North America ranging from Greenland to the Tibetan Plateau to Arizon ...
), and
Pondweed Pondweed refers to many species and genera of aquatic plants and green algae: *''Potamogeton'', a diverse and worldwide genus *''Elodea'', found in North America *''Aponogeton'', in Africa, Asia and Australasia *''Groenlandia'', a genus of aquatic ...
(Potamogeton natans, P. spirrilus).


Climate change

As with most wildlife protection areas,
climate change In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to E ...
poses a serious threat to the ecology of the Tantramar marsh. Climate change introduces rising temperatures, increases in storm frequency and severity, and rising sea levels which will result in the flooding of low lying land and coastal areas. The rise in temperature is creating new environments in which invasive species and diseases can survive while native species struggle to adapt. Storms bring in unusual levels of precipitation and strong winds which can damage the fragile ecosystems of the marsh and the dykes in New Brunswick which help prevent flooding from the Gulf of Maine. Rising sea levels increase the threat of flooding too much for the marshes to be able to regulate. If Tintamarre National Wildlife Area were to flood with enough sea-water it would cause large scale die-offs and damage for the freshwater species that inhabit the freshwater wetlands. Water from flooding via dyke failure or from increased and more intense storms due to climate change will also lead to accelerated
Erosion Erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transports it to another location where it is deposited. Erosion is distin ...
, draining the wetland of many important nutrients.


Uses of the marsh

For a full account of human activity on the marshes, see the History of Sackville.


Historical uses

The Mi’kmaq are the Indigenous peoples of Tantramar marshes and surrounding areas, they have many traditional uses for the resources in this area. The marsh was used for harvesting of different kinds of plants, wildfowl, small mammals and fish as means of food. Before the arrival of Europeans, well-travelled portage routes connected the Bay of Fundy with the Northumberland Strait as the marsh was used seasonally. As years passed and different settlers came to the Tantramar marshes the use of these resources changed, going from the fish weirs of the Mi'kmaq to the creation of dry farming by the Acadians from the creation of sluice gates to keep out water where the rivers crossed the dykes in order for planting to take place. Migrating from
Port Royal Port Royal is a village located at the end of the Palisadoes, at the mouth of Kingston Harbour, in southeastern Jamaica. Founded in 1494 by the Spanish, it was once the largest city in the Caribbean, functioning as the centre of shipping and co ...
in around 1671,
Acadian The Acadians (french: Acadiens , ) are an ethnic group descended from the French who settled in the New France colony of Acadia during the 17th and 18th centuries. Most Acadians live in the region of Acadia, as it is the region where the de ...
s established a village in the area (which they called
Beaubassin Beaubassin was an important Acadian village and trading centre on the Isthmus of Chignecto in what is now Nova Scotia, Canada. The area was a significant place in the geopolitical struggle between the British and French empires. It was establ ...
). They founded a number of scattered settlements on higher ground, and created dry farmland using
polder A polder () is a low-lying tract of land that forms an artificial hydrological entity, enclosed by embankments known as dikes. The three types of polder are: # Land reclaimed from a body of water, such as a lake or the seabed # Flood plains s ...
isation, by building the dykes and
sluice Sluice ( ) is a word for a channel controlled at its head by a movable gate which is called a sluice gate. A sluice gate is traditionally a wood or metal barrier sliding in grooves that are set in the sides of the waterway and can be considered ...
s which converted the salt marshes to fields and pastures. Following the
Battle of Fort Beauséjour The Battle of Fort Beauséjour was fought on the Isthmus of Chignecto and marked the end of Father Le Loutre's War and the opening of a British offensive in the Acadia/Nova Scotia theatre of the Seven Years' War, which would eventually lead to t ...
which marked the end of the battle for Acadia between the British and French, it was the site of the beginning of the
expulsion of the Acadians The Expulsion of the Acadians, also known as the Great Upheaval, the Great Expulsion, the Great Deportation, and the Deportation of the Acadians (french: Le Grand DĂ©rangement or ), was the forced removal, by the British, of the Acadian pe ...
in 1755. Six years later the British resettled the area, and continued to convert the marsh to arable land, drying the land in order to plant crops for agricultural practices. During the 19th century the land use in and around the Tantramar region changed, land ownership became consolidated and a Commission of Sewers was established, which was crucial to the economy. By the mid-1800s, 10,000 hectares was producing grains, root crops, and marsh
hay Hay is grass, legumes, or other herbaceous plants that have been cut and dried to be stored for use as animal fodder, either for large grazing animals raised as livestock, such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep, or for smaller domesticat ...
. Once turned into
polder A polder () is a low-lying tract of land that forms an artificial hydrological entity, enclosed by embankments known as dikes. The three types of polder are: # Land reclaimed from a body of water, such as a lake or the seabed # Flood plains s ...
s, the cost of producing hay was low. Inexpensive Tantramar hay was then sold to lumber camps, exploration, and mining in
Atlantic Canada Atlantic Canada, also called the Atlantic provinces (french: provinces de l'Atlantique), is the region of Eastern Canada comprising the provinces located on the Atlantic coast, excluding Quebec. The four provinces are New Brunswick, Newfoundlan ...
and stables as far away as Boston. In the 1930s there were more than 400
post-and-beam Timber framing (german: Holzfachwerk) and "post-and-beam" construction are traditional methods of building with heavy timbers, creating structures using squared-off and carefully fitted and joined timbers with joints secured by large wooden ...
hay barns on the marshes, for hay storage. Today there are fewer than 30. The price of hay was $28 per ton in 1920, but as horses were replaced by cars and as manufacturing moved west, the hay price fell to $7 a ton in 1938. The marshes then became
pasture Pasture (from the Latin ''pastus'', past participle of ''pascere'', "to feed") is land used for grazing. Pasture lands in the narrow sense are enclosed tracts of farmland, grazed by domesticated livestock, such as horses, cattle, sheep, or swine ...
, and as their agricultural profitability declined the
Canadian Wildlife Service The Canadian Wildlife Service or CWS (french: Service canadien de la faune), is a Branch of the Department of the Environment (Environment and Climate Change Canada), a department of the Government of Canada. November 1, 2012 marked the 65th ann ...
and
Ducks Unlimited Ducks Unlimited (DU) is an American nonprofit organization 501(c) dedicated to the conservation of wetlands and associated upland habitats for waterfowl, other wildlife, and people. It has had a membership of around 700,000 since January 2013. ...
helped to return the marshes to a more natural state. After 2010 fears emerged that
rising sea levels Rising may refer to: * Rising, a stage in baking - see Proofing (baking technique) *Elevation * Short for Uprising, a rebellion Film and TV * "Rising" (''Stargate Atlantis''), the series premiere of the science fiction television program ''Starga ...
and deterioration of 18th-century hand-built dykes and
sluice Sluice ( ) is a word for a channel controlled at its head by a movable gate which is called a sluice gate. A sluice gate is traditionally a wood or metal barrier sliding in grooves that are set in the sides of the waterway and can be considered ...
s threatened to flood the Tantramar Marshes and make
Nova Scotia Nova Scotia ( ; ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. Nova Scotia is Latin for "New Scotland". Most of the population are native Eng ...
into an island separate from the North American mainland.In 1945
Radio Canada International Radio Canada International (RCI) is the international broadcasting service of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). Prior to 1970, RCI was known as the CBC International Service. The broadcasting service was also previously referred to as ...
opened a radio transmitter and the site proved to be one of the best
shortwave Shortwave radio is radio transmission using shortwave (SW) radio frequencies. There is no official definition of the band, but the range always includes all of the high frequency band (HF), which extends from 3 to 30 MHz (100 to 10 me ...
transmitting locations in the world. Shortwave broadcasting ended in 2012 and transmitting towers have since been removed. In 2017, the CBC announced that the site had been sold to a non-profit consortium of New Brunswick Mi'kmaq bands known as Mi'gmawe'l Tplu'taqnn. The intended use of the property was not disclosed.


Present uses

The declaration of the Tantramar Marshes as a protected area resulted in many restrictions being imposed with how the land and water surrounding it can be accessed and used. Visitors are given access to the protected area for things like leisure activities, which include swimming, having group events and meals, using the trails for hikes, boating, skiing/snowboarding and skating. Sport hunting of specific animals is allowed, as long as the required permits have been attained and regulations are followed.  Fishing is also allowed but limits are imposed to avoid overfishing, a permit is also required for sport fishing. Any access to the Tintamarre National Wildlife Area, and with regards to all the above-mentioned uses of the park, are only permitted from sunrise to sunset. Use outside of those times is against the Law.


See also

*
List of National Wildlife Areas in Canada A National Wildlife Area is a conservation designation for a geographical region in Canada that restricts most human activities on that region. However, land use permits may be issued "for activities that are compatible with conservation". Suc ...
*
Canadian Wildlife Service The Canadian Wildlife Service or CWS (french: Service canadien de la faune), is a Branch of the Department of the Environment (Environment and Climate Change Canada), a department of the Government of Canada. November 1, 2012 marked the 65th ann ...


References


External links


Map of Tantramar Marshes
{{coord, 45, 55, N, 64, 18, W, display=title Landforms of Westmorland County, New Brunswick Landforms of Cumberland County, Nova Scotia Marshes of Canada Geographic regions of New Brunswick Protected areas of New Brunswick Protected areas of Nova Scotia