Tancred of Bologna or of Germany (c. 1185 – 1230/1236), commonly just Tancredus, was a Dominican

preacher A preacher is a person who delivers sermons or homilies on religious topics to an assembly of people. Less common are preachers who preach on the street, or those whose message is not necessarily religious, but who preach components such as ...

and

canonist Canon law (from grc, κανών, , a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (church leadership) for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is th ...

. He is easily conflated with a contemporary Dominican,

Tancred Tancredi Tancred Tancredi (1185 – 9 September 1241), also called Tancred of Siena, was an Italian ecclesiastic, a missionary, one of the first generation of Dominican friars, and a personal friend of Dominic of Osma. He is often confused with contempora ...

, and the two are sometimes indistinguishable in the sources and have been treated as one person, though this is known to be false. Tancred's origins lie in

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

, where, if his

hagiographer A hagiography (; ) is a biography of a saint or an ecclesiastical leader, as well as, by extension, an adulatory and idealized biography of a founder, saint, monk, nun or icon in any of the world's religions. Early Christian hagiographies might ...

s are to be believed, he was a soldier of middle rank at the court of the Emperor Frederick II. He was educated under

John of Wales John of Wales (died c. 1285), also called John Waleys and Johannes Guallensis, was a Franciscan theologian who wrote several well-received Latin works, primarily preaching aids.Diem, 2009. Born between 1210 and 1230, almost certainly in Wales, Joh ...

at the

University of Bologna The University of Bologna ( it, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, UNIBO) is a public research university in Bologna, Italy. Founded in 1088 by an organised guild of students (''studiorum''), it is the oldest university in continu ...

. He wrote an important gloss on the '' Compilatio tertia'' and the ''Summa de matrimonio'' (Summary of Marriage), which was influential to Ramon de Penyafort, as well as the ''Ordo iudiciarius'', completed in 1216, which was the culmination of the procedural literature of the

glossator The scholars of the 11th- and 12th-century legal schools in Italy, France and Germany are identified as glossators in a specific sense. They studied Roman law based on the '' Digesta'', the ''Codex'' of Justinian, the ''Authenticum'' (an abridged ...

s and was translated into both German and French, indicating its importance for medieval legal practice.Rosamond McKitterick et al., ''The New Cambridge Medieval History'', vol. IV (Cambridge University Press, 2005), p. 136. He supported the emergent doctrine of

Papal infallibility Papal infallibility is a dogma of the Catholic Church which states that, in virtue of the promise of Jesus to Peter, the Pope when he speaks '' ex cathedra'' is preserved from the possibility of error on doctrine "initially given to the apos ...

and the sect of the

Humiliati The Humiliati (Italian ''Umiliati'') were an Italian religious order of men formed probably in the 12th century. It was suppressed by a papal bull in 1571 though an associated order of women continued into the 20th century. Origin The origin of ...

. He was one of the teachers of

Bernard of Botone Bernard of Botone (date of birth unknown; d. 1263, or, according to Hurter, 24 March 1266) was a noted Italian canonist of the thirteenth century. He is generally called Bern(h)ardus Parmensis or Bernard of Parma, from his birthplace Parma. He st ...

. He was at

Bologna Bologna (, , ; egl, label=Emilian language, Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 1 ...

when he received the

habit A habit (or wont as a humorous and formal term) is a routine of behavior that is repeated regularly and tends to occur subconsciously.

of a

friar A friar is a member of one of the mendicant orders founded in the twelfth or thirteenth century; the term distinguishes the mendicants' itinerant apostolic character, exercised broadly under the jurisdiction of a superior general, from the ...

, either from

Dominic of Osma Saint Dominic, ( es, Santo Domingo; 8 August 1170 – 6 August 1221), also known as Dominic de Guzmán (), was a Castilian Catholic priest, mystic, the founder of the Dominican Order and is the patron saint of astronomers and natural scient ...

or Reginald of Bologna, traditionally between 1218 and 1220, though he was active as a writer in Bologna between about 1210 and 1215. One of his first posts as a Dominican clergyman was as a prior in

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

References

Bibliography

*Andrews, Frances (1999). ''The Early Humiliati''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. *Bisson, Thomas N. (1989). ''Medieval France and her Pyrenean Neighbours: Studies in Early Institutional History''. London: Hambledon. *O'Daniel, Victor F. (1928)
"Tancred of Germany."
''The First Disciples of Saint Dominic: Adapted and Enlarged from Father Anthony Touron's ''Histoire Abrégée des Premiers Disciples de saint Dominique''.'' Somerset, Ohio: The Rosary Press.

External links

Works of Tancred of Bologna at ParalipomenaIuris
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tancred of Bologna 1180s births 1230s deaths Year of birth uncertain Year of death uncertain German Dominicans Canon law jurists Dominican theologians 13th-century German Catholic theologians 13th-century Italian jurists 13th-century Latin writers