Tanci is a narrative form of
song in China that alternates between verse and prose.
[Wang, Lingzhen, p]
53
The literal name "plucking rhymes" refers to the singing of verse portions to a ''
pipa
The pipa, pípá, or p'i-p'a () is a traditional Chinese musical instrument, belonging to the plucked category of instruments. Sometimes called the "Chinese lute", the instrument has a pear-shaped wooden body with a varying number of frets ran ...
''.
[Hu, Siao-chen, p]
539
A ''tanci'' is usually seven words long. On some occasions the length is ten words.
[ Some scholars refer to ''tanci'' as "plucking rhymes," "southern singing narrative," "story-sining," "strum lyrics". The local forms of Tanci encompasses Suzhou Tanci, Yangzhou Tanci, Siming Nanci, Shaoxing Pinghudiao, etc.
''Tanci'' consists of both spoken storytelling and sung ballads. Another distinct narrative style is '' pinghua'', a storytelling art form which is purely spoken. The word '' pingtan'' is used as a collective term to refer to ''tanci'' and ''pinghua''.][Webster-Chang, p]
26
History
Historically ''tanci'' was a popular art form with women in the lower Yangtze River Valley
The Yangtze or Yangzi ( or ; ) is the longest river in Asia, the third-longest in the world, and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country. It rises at Jari Hill in the Tanggula Mountains (Tibetan Plateau) and flows ...
, specifically the Jiangnan
Jiangnan or Jiang Nan (; formerly romanized Kiang-nan, literally "South of the River" meaning "South of the Yangtze") is a geographic area in China referring to lands immediately to the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, incl ...
region.[ It originated as a popular literary genre in the ]Ming dynasty
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...
. In the mid-to-late Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...
it became popular with educated women who wrote and performed the music and who were the genre's audience and reader base.
Women's ''tanci'' often are about their philosophy of literary creation, the sentiments of the author, and descriptions of seasons.[ Lingzhen Wang, author of ''Personal Matters: Women's Autobiographical Practice in Twentieth-century China'', wrote that "some scholars have even suggested that Chinese women consciously seized upon ''tanci'' to express their gendered experiences and to create a female literary tradition different from the male-dominated genres of novels and stories."][Wang, Lingzhen, p]
54
During the Qing dynasty it was not only used for entertainment but also for political and social propaganda. The '' Gengzi Guobian Tanci'', a ''tanci'' by Li Baojia (Li Boyuan) written about the Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion, also known as the Boxer Uprising, the Boxer Insurrection, or the Yihetuan Movement, was an Xenophobia, anti-foreign, anti-colonialism, anti-colonial, and Persecution of Christians#China, anti-Christian uprising in China ...
, is an example of a political ''tanci''.[
]
References
* Guo, Li, (2022). "Narrative and Genre: Locating Tanci in Chinese Literature and World Literature< In ''A Companion to World Literature'', K. Seigneurie (Ed.). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118635193.ctwl0179
* Hu, Siao-chen. "Qu Xinru." In: Smith, Bonnie G. (editor) ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History: 4 Volume Set''. Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the university press of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world, and its printing history dates back to the 1480s. Having been officially granted the legal right to print book ...
, 2008. , 9780195148909.
* Wang, Lingzhen. ''Personal Matters: Women's Autobiographical Practice in Twentieth-century China''. Stanford University Press
Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University. It is one of the oldest academic presses in the United States and the first university press to be established on the West Coast. It was among the presses officially ...
, 2004. , 9780804750059.
* Webster-Chang, Stephanie J. "Composing, Revising, and Performing Suzhou Ballads: A Study of Political Control and Artistic Freedom in Tanci, 1949--1964." (University of Pittsburgh
The University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) is a public state-related research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The university is composed of 17 undergraduate and graduate schools and colleges at its urban Pittsburgh campus, home to the univers ...
) ''ProQuest
ProQuest LLC is an Ann Arbor, Michigan-based global information-content and technology company, founded in 1938 as University Microfilms by Eugene B. Power. ProQuest is known for its applications and information services for libraries, provid ...
, 2008. , 9781109055801.
* Zhang, Yu, ''Interfamily Tanci Writing in Nineteenth-Century China: Bonds and Boundaries''. Lexington Books, 2017. .
Notes
{{Chinese opera
Chinese literature
Chinese folk music
Folk ballads
Chinese storytelling