Talpa de Allende is a city and municipality in
Jalisco
Jalisco (, , ; Nahuatl: Xalixco), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Jalisco ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Jalisco ; Nahuatl: Tlahtohcayotl Xalixco), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the 32 Federal En ...
,
Mexico. Surrounded by pine-covered mountains, Talpa de Allende is a silver mining town founded by the Spanish in 1599. The name "Allende" is in honor of General
Ignacio Allende
Ignacio José de Allende y Unzaga (, , ; January 21, 1769 – June 26, 1811), commonly known as Ignacio Allende, was a captain of the Spanish Army in New Spain who came to sympathize with the Mexican independence movement. He attended the secr ...
.
Talpa is the destination of a popular pilgrimage route. In the center of Talpa is the church of ''Nuestra Señora del Rosario'', which is the location of the tiny ''Virgen del Rosario'' statue, also called "La Chaparrita", meaning the short one, who they believe does miracles. Her birthday is celebrated October 7, where millions of people walk to Talpa every year. Another date she is visited is during
Easter Week. Approximately 3 million people attended to the celebrations of "La Chaparrita" yearly.
The walk can be anywhere from a few kilometers to a hundred or more depending on the starting point. The most famous walk is the called "Ruta del Peregrino" (Pilgrim's Route). The Route is 117 km long, starting in the city of
Ameca and ending in ''Nuestra Señora del Rosario'' church.
It includes several climbs of hundreds of meters. During Easter week, there are stands selling food and drinks all along to route.
History
It was the capital of the Tlallipan (Tlalipan)
cacicazgo
''Cacicazgo'' is a phonetic Spanish transliteration (or a derivative) of the Taíno word for the lands ruled by a ''cacique''. The Spanish colonial system recognized indigenous elites as nobles in Mexico and Peru, and other areas. Nobles could en ...
. The site was inhabited by a tribe of origin
Nahuatl. Towards 1532
Nuño de Guzmán
Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán (c. 14901558) was a Spanish conquistador and colonial administrator in New Spain. He was the governor of the province of Pánuco from 1525 to 1533 and of Nueva Galicia from 1529 to 1534, and president of the first Ro ...
he began to send explorers to these lands from the Holy Spirit Village of Greater Spain, today
Tepic
Tepic () is the capital and largest city of the western Mexican state of Nayarit, as well as the seat of the Tepic Municipality.
Located in the central part of the state, it stands at an altitude of above sea level, on the banks of the Río ...
,
Nayarit
Nayarit (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Nayarit ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Nayarit), is one of the 31 states that, along with Mexico City, comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 20 municipalities and its ...
, and that was when the inhabitants were subject to the Spanish crown. When Nuño de Guzmán left
Nueva Galicia
Nuevo Reino de Galicia (''New Kingdom of Galicia'', gl, Reino de Nova Galicia) or simply Nueva Galicia (''New Galicia'', ''Nova Galicia'') was an autonomous kingdom of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. It was named after Galicia in Spain. Nueva ...
, he divided the domains among his most striving captains
Juan de Oñate Juan and
Cristóbal de Oñate
Cristóbal de Oñate (1504, Spain—October 6, 1567, Pánuco, Zacatecas) was a Spanish Basque explorer, conquistador and colonial official in New Spain. He is considered the founder of the contemporary city of Guadalajara in 1531, as well as o ...
, Juan Fernández de Hijar, touching the latter Tlallipan. He entered the village peacefully towards 1540. At the arrival of the peninsulars, Talpa was in what is now known as the Bairro Alto, southeast of the current town.
In 1599, when Aranjuez's rich minerals were established, the first Spanish families settled. Thus, by a decree of the
Real Audiencia of Guadalajara The Real Audiencia of Guadalajara (or Real Audiencia de Nueva Galicia), was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in what is today northern Mexico and the southwestern United States in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. It was created by royal decree ...
saw the first light the town that received the title of Santiago de Talpa. The
Constitution of 1857
The Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1857 ( es, Constitución Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos de 1857), often called simply the Constitution of 1857, was the liberal constitution promulgated in 1857 by Constituent Cong ...
was not well received. Prominent conservative
Remigio Tovar rose up in arms, joining the
conservative party in the
Reform War. He was defeated by general
Juan Nepomuceno Rocha at Cerro de los Ocotes, in which Tovar's forces suffered 7 casualties. Talpa was a welcoming haven for influential politicians when
Guadalajara
Guadalajara ( , ) is a metropolis in western Mexico and the capital of the state of Jalisco. According to the 2020 census, the city has a population of 1,385,629 people, making it the 7th largest city by population in Mexico, while the Guadalaj ...
fell to the conservatives. It was also a kind of headquarters of the government troops that entered and went without encountering any resistance, during this time when encounters and scuffles were staged between the two sides and of political instability, the arises in these directions the Colonel Antonio Rojas, who was commissioned to pacify the region and to fight Remigio Tovar, who had as its center of operations the square of
Mascota
Mascota is a town and municipality in Jalisco, in central-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 1,591.63 km². The name Mascota comes from the root "Amaxacotlán", which means "place of deer and colubrids".
The municipality ha ...
. Rojas, for his pyromania instincts and his great cruelty soon received the nickname "El Nero de Jalisco".
On 1871
Porfirio Díaz
José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori ( or ; ; 15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915), known as Porfirio Díaz, was a Mexican general and politician who served seven terms as President of Mexico, a total of 31 years, from 28 November 1876 to 6 Decem ...
proclaimed the
Plan de la Noria
The Plan de la Noria was a revolutionary call to arms intended to oust Mexican President Benito Juárez, who had been elected to a fourth term. Liberal General Porfirio Díaz issued it on 8 November 1871, immediately following his defeat by Juár ...
and rose up against the government of
Benito Juárez
Benito Pablo Juárez García (; 21 March 1806 – 18 July 1872) was a Mexican liberal politician and lawyer who served as the 26th president of Mexico from 1858 until his death in office in 1872. As a Zapotec, he was the first indigenous pre ...
, being defeated by General Alatorre. After leaving
Mexico City, he spent a few weeks in Talpa disguised as a bell smelter. During the
Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...
the village was fortified from the attacks from supporters of
Venustiano Carranza
José Venustiano Carranza de la Garza (; 29 December 1859 – 21 May 1920) was a Mexican wealthy land owner and politician who was Governor of Coahuila when the constitutionally elected president Francisco I. Madero was overthrown in a February ...
by forming a general meeting of neighbors and forming a local defense corps that guarded the square; but on June 23, 1913, chief carrancist Santos Arreola came to ask for surrender, but bad weather forced them to flee.
1844 establishes town hall; 30 April 1871 a department is formed comprising the municipalities of Talpa and Tomatlán, with Talpa being the head. From 1825 to 1844 it belonged to the 6th canton of
Autlán de Navarro. On 18 September 1885 by decree number 155 the village was elevated to the category of village under the name of Talpa de Allende in honor of the insurgent chief
Ignatius Allende.
In 2015, the city was designated part of the "Pueblos Mágicos" national program.
Geography
Talpa de Allende is located in the west of the state of Jalisco, within the extreme coordinates 20° 05′ 00″ at 20° 30′ 55″ of north latitude and of the 104° 42′ 30″ to the 105° 13′ 25″ west longitude; at a height of 1,134
meters above sea level
Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as ''orthometric heights''.
The comb ...
.
The municipality adjoins to the north with the municipalities of
Puerto Vallarta and
Mascota
Mascota is a town and municipality in Jalisco, in central-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 1,591.63 km². The name Mascota comes from the root "Amaxacotlán", which means "place of deer and colubrids".
The municipality ha ...
; to the east with Mascota,
Atenguillo
Atenguillo is a town and municipality, in Jalisco in central-western Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United ...
,
Cuautla and
Tomatlán (Jalisco)' Tomatlán; to the south with the municipality of Tomatlán; to the west with the municipality of
Cabo Corrientes.
Physical Geography
Orography
In general its surface is made up of rugged areas (77%) heights ranging from 2,100 to 2,500 meters above sea level. Semi-flat zones (13%) they are located in the south of the municipal headwaters, with heights ranging from 600 to 1,300
msnm. Flat areas (10%) located in the northwest of the municipal headland, are formed by heights of 1,200 meters above sea level.
Soil
The territory consists of land from the
tertiary period
Tertiary ( ) is a widely used but obsolete term for the geologic period from 66 million to 2.6 million years ago.
The period began with the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs in the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, at the start ...
. The composition of the soils is predominantly chestnut Chesnut, as well as lateritic yellows, prainearose and reddish soil, and reddish forest brown. The municipality has a territorial area of 227,952
ha-hectares, of which 15,375 are used for agricultural purposes, 31,128 in livestock activity, 176,987 are for forest use, 283 are urban land and 2,078 hectares have other use, not specified 2,101. As far as the property is concerned, an area of 169,637 hectares is private and another is 56,214 ejidal; there is no communal property. Please note that 2,101 hectares do not specify property type.
Hydrography
Its hydrological resources are provided by the rivers: Talpa, San Nicolás, Cuals, San José and Bramador; by the streams: Crumbled, La Quebrada, Las Palomas, El Corazón, Toledo, Camacho, Gran Juez and Los Lobos, among the most representative. It also has springs that supply water to some localities.
Climate
Talpa de Allende has a
humid subtropical climate, with dry winter and spring, and with no well-defined winter thermal change. The average annual temperature is 21.3
C, with a maximum of 29.5 C and a minimum of 13.2 -C. The rainfall regime is recorded between the months of June and July, with an average rainfall of 1,002.9
mm. The annual average of frost days is 27.5. The prevailing winds are in a southerly direction.
Flora & wildlife
The natural vegetation is mostly
pine–oak forest, composed of
pines (''Pinus''),
oyamel
''Abies religiosa'', the oyamel fir or sacred fir, (known as in Spanish) is a fir native to the mountains of central and southern Mexico (Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, Sierra Madre del Sur) and western Guatemala. It grows at high altitudes of i ...
(''Abies religiosa''),
oaks (''Quercus''),
ash
Ash or ashes are the solid remnants of fires. Specifically, ''ash'' refers to all non-aqueous, non-gaseous residues that remain after something burns. In analytical chemistry, to analyse the mineral and metal content of chemical samples, ash ...
(''Fraxinus'') and
walnut
A walnut is the edible seed of a drupe of any tree of the genus '' Juglans'' (family Juglandaceae), particularly the Persian or English walnut, '' Juglans regia''.
Although culinarily considered a "nut" and used as such, it is not a true ...
(''Juglans''). In the semitropical lower parts there is havillo, capomo, parota, spring, purple rose and
Spanish cedar
''Cedrela odorata'' is a commercially important species of tree in the chinaberry family, Meliaceae, commonly known as Spanish cedar or Cuban cedar; it is also known as cedro in Spanish.
Classification
The genus ''Cedrela'' has undergone two m ...
.
There is a
cloud forest
A cloud forest, also called a water forest, primas forest, or tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF), is a generally tropical or subtropical, evergreen, montane, moist forest characterized by a persistent, frequent or seasonal low-level clou ...
(mesophilic forest) in the municipality, with the native maple ''
Acer binzayedii''. ''Binzayedii'' refers to the founding of
Qatar MBZ which sponsored scientific research that determined that the species in Talpa is unique in the world, which makes this maple forest very special.
On January 30, 2016, the Government of the State of Jalisco through the Secretariat o
Environment and Territorial Developmentannounced the creation of a Natural Protected Area Arce Forest State Park published in Section V of the Official Newspaper The State of Jalisco. date" - "publication" - "Official"- "The"-date-access-" ('doi')
Government and politics
Its form of government is
democracy, it depends on the
Jalisco state government and
federal Mexico; elections are held every 3 years, where the municipal president and his cabinet are elected. The Municipal President is C. Martín Eduardo Guzmán Peña,
Institutional Revolutionary Party PRI.
The municipality has 178 towns, the most important being: Talpa (municipal head), Ocotes, La Cuesta, Cabos, La Cañada, Desmoronado and El Cuale.
Infrastructure and economy
Housing
It has 3,266 homes, which are usually private. The 89.71% have electricity service, 68.74% have drainage and drinking water service.
[INEGI](_blank)
II population and housing count, 2005 Its construction is usually based on
brick
A brick is a type of block used to build walls, pavements and other elements in masonry construction. Properly, the term ''brick'' denotes a block composed of dried clay, but is now also used informally to denote other chemically cured cons ...
,
concrete and partition.
Services
The municipality has services of drinking water, sewerage, street lighting, markets, trail, cemeteries, road, public toilet, public safety, transit, parks, gardens and sports centers.
79.4% of the population has drinking water; in sewer coverage is 71.5% and in electricity service 85.4%.
Education
The population's 90.88%
is
alpha-alphabetism-alfabeta, of which 29.56% has ended primary education. The municipality has 19
preschool, 43
primary-primary education, 10
secondarys and two
bachilleratos.
Healthcare
Health care is attended by the health center, which is advised by the Ministry of Health and depends on health jurisdiction No.8 based in Puerto Vallarta. In addition, the
exican Social Security Instituteand private doctors provide their services. The System for Integral Family Development (DIF) is responsible for social welfare.
Transportation and communication
It has fax service, telegraph, telephone, radio, television, Internet and radio telephony service. Transportation takes place via the Guadalajara-Puerto Vallarta highway. It has a network of rural roads that connect the villages. Public buses are available. It has a small airport that has flights to Puerto Vallarta,
San Sebastián del Oeste
San Sebastián del Oeste () is a town and municipality, located on the western part of Jalisco state, Mexico, between 20°39’45’’ - 21°02’30’’ N and 104°35’00’’ - 104°51’00’’ W, at a height of 1,480 metres (4,856 ...
and Guadalajara. The main airlines that operate are: Aerotaxis de la Bahía and Transportes Aéreos de Nayarit.
Demographics
According to the II population and housing count, the municipality has 13,612 inhabitants, of which 6,703 are men and 6,909 are women; 0.36% of the population are
indigenous.
[INEGI](_blank)
II population and housing count, 2005 By 2010 the population is expected to be 4,786.
Religion
90.60% profess
Catholic religion
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
,7.36% are believers in
ehovah's Witnesses there are also
Protestant and believers of other religions. 0.28% of the inhabitants held no religion.
[INEGI](_blank)
XII General Census of Population and Housing, 2000.
For religious worship it has the Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary, the Parish of Lord San José and chapels in the localities.
Culture
* ''Painting stand out the mural "The Miracle of the Renewal of the Image of the Virgin of the Rosary"'' and the mural of the Holy Trinity.
* Craft: chicle handcrafts, with which they make baskets, furniture, pots, pots, jars, jars, vases, pots. Leather huaraches, belts and saddles are also made.
* Typical Costumes
charro
Charro has several meanings, but it generally refers to Mexican horse riders, who maintain traditional dress, such as some form of sombrero, which in Mexican Spanish are called ''sombrero de charro'' (a charro's hat). The charros could also ...
costume for men and China for women.
Sites of interest
* The Shrine of the
Virgen de Talpa: in style
Romanesque Architecture and
Neoclassical-Neoclassical Architecture, dates from 1782
* The Parish of Lord San José: in colonial style, built in the year 1600.
* The Chapel of the Ore of El Cuale: in colonial style, built in 1870.
* The Chapel of Concepción del Bramador: in colonial style.
* The Chapel of the Resurrection.
* Sanctuary of Our Lady of the Rosary.
* The municipal palace.
* The waterfalls of Aranjuez.
Places to visit
* Welcome arch dedicated to pilgrims and visitors in the entrance.
* Calzada de las Reynas: opened on November 18, 2004, and created for he community of pilgrims that visit Talpa de Allende and in honor of all the queens of Mexico. A pathway of statues of the virgins.
* Cruz de Romero
* Museum of the Talpa Virgin where her story is told as well as the history of Talpa de Allende.
* Maple forest of Talpa de Allende with more than of maple and pine trees.
Sports
It has sports centers, where it is practiced: football, frontenis and volleyball. It also has a cultural center, theater, charro canvas, square, parks, gardens and library.
Gastronomy
Birria
Birria () \ ˈbir-ē-ˌä \is a Mexican dish from the state of Jalisco. The dish is a meat stew or soup traditionally made from goat meat, but occasionally made from beef, lamb, mutton or chicken. The meat is marinated in an adobo made of vin ...
,
pozole
Pozole (; from nah, pozoll, meaning '' cacahuazintle'', a variety of corn or maize) is a traditional soup or stew from Mexican cuisine. It is made from hominy with meat (typically pork, but possibly chicken), and can be seasoned and garnished ...
,
tamales
A tamale, in Spanish tamal, is a traditional Mesoamerican dish made of masa, a dough made from nixtamalized corn, which is steamed in a corn husk or banana leaf. The wrapping can either be discarded prior to eating or used as a plate. Tama ...
, rotisserie chicken, rabbit, meat with tomatillo and
chilaquiles
Chilaquiles () are a traditional Mexican breakfast dish consisting of corn tortillas cut into quarters and lightly fried.
Ingredients and variations
Typically, corn tortillas cut into quarters and lightly fried or baked for a lighter version ...
; guava fruit leather, sancocho, figs, and various milk confectioneries;
rompope and
ponche
The term punch refers to a wide assortment of drinks, both non-alcoholic and alcoholic, generally containing fruits or fruit juice. The drink was introduced from the Indian subcontinent to England by employees of the East India Company in th ...
of fruits such as peach, nance, capulín, pineapple, guava and pomegranate
Holidays and celebrations
*
Virgen de la Candelaria
The Virgin of Candelaria or Our Lady of Candle ( es, Virgen de Candelaria or ''Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria''), popularly called ''La Morenita'', celebrates the Virgin Mary on the island of Tenerife, one of the Canary Islands (Spain). The cent ...
from 25 January to 2 February.
* Romería de Tecomán: first Sunday in March.
* Romería in honor of Lord St. Joseph: from 11 to 19 March.
* Anniversary pilgrimage of the Coronation of the Virgen del Rosario de Talpa: from 4 to 12 May.
*Feast of the Renewal:September 10 "Bath of the Virgin" (It consists of cleaning all the jewels and changing the clothes of Ntra.Sra.del Rosario de Talpa) and from September 11 to 19 the ninth Renewal.
* Independence day: 15 and 16 September.
*Liturgical Party in Honor of Our Lady of the Rosary of Talpa: 7 October
* Feast of the
Virgen de Guadalupe
Our Lady of Guadalupe ( es, Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe), also known as the Virgin of Guadalupe ( es, Virgen de Guadalupe), is a Catholic title of Mary, mother of Jesus associated with a series of five Marian apparitions, which are believed t ...
: 9–12 December
In popular culture
* In
Juan Rulfo
Juan Nepomuceno Carlos Pérez Rulfo Vizcaíno, best known as Juan Rulfo ( ; 16 May 1917 – 7 January 1986), was a Mexican writer, screenwriter, and photographer. He is best known for two literary works, the 1955 novel ''Pedro Páramo'', and th ...
novel, '
El llano en llamas' refers to Talpa: "
.....] Although I knew that Talpa was far away and that we would have to walk a lot under the sun of the days and the cold, of the nights of March
..".
* The film "
Talpa Talpa may refer to:
Places
* Talpa, Iran, a village in Khuzestan Province, Iran
* Talpa, Teleorman, a commune in Teleorman County, Romania
* Talpa, a village in Cândeşti Commune, Botoşani County, Romania
* Talpa, a village in Bârgăuani Commun ...
" was filmed here, based on a short story by Juan Rulfo.
Notable people
* José María Cuéllar, governor of Jalisco.
* Manuel Ceballos, professor.
* Ernesto Ramo Meza, writer.
* Juan Valdéz Verdía, Doctor.
* Daniel Acosta Izquierdo, writer.
* José Francisco T. Agraz Gil, writer.
* Manuel de San Martín, clergyman.
* Baudelio Bernal, doctor
* Gustavo "Halcón" Peña Velazco, footballer
Sister City
Talpa de Allende has one sister city.:
* -
Lynwood,
California, USA
References
External links
* http://talpadeallende.com
{{Authority control
Municipalities of Jalisco
Pueblos Mágicos