was a
province of Japan in the area of northern
Hyōgo Prefecture
is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. Hyōgo Prefecture has a population of 5,469,762 () and has a geographic area of . Hyōgo Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the east, Osaka Prefecture to the southeast, an ...
. Tajima bordered on
Tango
Tango is a partner dance and social dance that originated in the 1880s along the Río de la Plata, the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay. The tango was born in the impoverished port areas of these countries as the result of a combina ...
and
Tanba to the east,
Harima to the south, and
Inaba to the west. Its abbreviated form name was . In terms of the
Gokishichidō
was the name for ancient administrative units organized in Japan during the Asuka period (AD 538–710), as part of a legal and governmental system borrowed from the Chinese. Though these units did not survive as administrative structures beyon ...
system, Tajimao was one of the provinces of the
San'indō circuit. Under the ''
Engishiki
The is a Japanese book about laws and customs. The major part of the writing was completed in 927. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Engi-shiki''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 178.
History
In 905, Emperor Daigo ordered the compilation of th ...
'' classification system, Tajima was ranked as one of the "superior countries" (上国) in terms of importance, and one of the "near countries" (近国) in terms of distance from the capital. The provincial capital was located in what is now the city of
Toyooka. The ''
ichinomiya
is a Japanese historical term referring to the Shinto shrines with the highest rank in a province. Shrines of lower rank were designated , , , and so forth. ''Encyclopedia of Shinto'' ''Ichi no miya'' retrieved 2013-5-14.
The term gave rise ...
'' of the province is the
Izushi Shrine
is a Shinto shrine in the Izushi neighborhood of the city of Toyooka, Hyōgo, Toyooka in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Tajima Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on October 20.
Enshrined ''ka ...
also located in Toyooka. The area of the province was 2099.01 square kilometers.
History
Early history
The early history of the Tajima region is uncertain. There appear to have been two power centers. The Tajima ''
Kuni no miyatsuko'' ruled in eastern Tajima (present-day Asago District and Yabu District) and are mentioned in the ''
Kujiki''. They tenuously claimed descent from then legendary
Emperor Kaika,and eventually took the surname of "Tajima". The
Chasuriyama Kofun and the
Miidani Kofun Cluster are located in their territory. Western Tajima (present-day Mita District) was under the control of the Futakata ''Kuni no miyatsuko'', who claimed descent from the rulers of Izumo. At some point, the two areas came under the control the ancient Tanba Kingdom, which was later divided into Tajima, Tango and Tanba. However, since the name "Tajima" appears in the ''
Nihon Shoki'', in an entry dated 675 AD, this division occurred before the formalization of the Japanese provinces.
The "
Wamyō Ruijushō" states that the
provincial capital was located in Keta District, possibly in the Izucho neighborhood of Toyooka city, but the precise location is uncertain. According to "
Nihon Koki", the capital was related to a place called "Kodago", also in Keta District in the year 804. This appears to correspond the Nyogamori site which has been excavated near the former Hidaka town hall, which is also part of Toyooka city. The site of the
Tajima Kokubun-ji (also in Toyooka) is known, and is a
National Historic Site. The ''
Engishiki
The is a Japanese book about laws and customs. The major part of the writing was completed in 927. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Engi-shiki''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 178.
History
In 905, Emperor Daigo ordered the compilation of th ...
'' records of 927 lists ten major and 106 minor
Shinto shrine
A is a structure whose main purpose is to house ("enshrine") one or more ''kami'', the deities of the Shinto religion.
Overview
Structurally, a Shinto shrine typically comprises several buildings.
The ''honden''Also called (本殿, meanin ...
s, with
Kono Jinja and
Awaga Jinja vying for the title of the ''
ichinomiya
is a Japanese historical term referring to the Shinto shrines with the highest rank in a province. Shrines of lower rank were designated , , , and so forth. ''Encyclopedia of Shinto'' ''Ichi no miya'' retrieved 2013-5-14.
The term gave rise ...
'' of the province.
During the early
Muromachi period
The is a division of Japanese history running from approximately 1336 to 1573. The period marks the governance of the Muromachi or Ashikaga shogunate (''Muromachi bakufu'' or ''Ashikaga bakufu''), which was officially established in 1338 by ...
, the
Yamana clan were ''
shugo
, commonly translated as “(military) governor,” “protector,” or “constable,” was a title given to certain officials in feudal Japan. They were each appointed by the ''shōgun'' to oversee one or more of the provinces of Japan. The pos ...
'' of Tajima province and constructed
Konosumiyama Castle as their stronghold. They were later defeated by the forces of
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
, otherwise known as and , was a Japanese samurai and ''daimyō'' (feudal lord) of the late Sengoku period regarded as the second "Great Unifier" of Japan.Richard Holmes, The World Atlas of Warfare: Military Innovations that Changed the Cour ...
.
Edo Period
During the Edo Period, Tango province was somewhat of a backwater, due to its geographical location. The Ikuno silver mine was ''
tenryō
The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia' ...
'' territory directly administered by the shogunate. Two small domains were established in Tajima under the
Tokugawa shogunate
The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...
.
Toyooka Domain was created for Sugihara Nagafusa, who had married a daughter of
Azai Nagamasa
was a Japanese '' daimyō'' of the Sengoku period known as the brother-in-law and enemy of Oda Nobunaga. Nagamasa was head of the Azai clan seated at Odani Castle in northern Ōmi Province and married Nobunaga's sister Oichi in 1564, fathe ...
. In 1658 the line went extinct, and in 1668 the shogunate transferred a cadet branch of the
Kyōgoku clan
The were a Japanese '' daimyō'' clan which rose to prominence during the Sengoku and Edo periods. The clan descend from the Uda Genji through the Sasaki clan.Papinot, Jacques. (2003)''Nobiliare du Japon'', pp. 27–28./ref> The name deriv ...
from
Tango-Tanabe Domain
was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Tango Province in what is now the northern portion of modern-day Kyoto Prefecture. It was centered around Tanabe Castle, also known as Maizuru Castle which was ...
to Toyooka.
Izushi Domain was established for Koide Yoshimasa, the son of one of Ieyasu's generals. In 1706, it was awarded to the
Sengoku clan, who ruled until the Meiji restoration.
The Yamana clan, formerly rulers of 11 provinces had been reduced in status the
Battle of Sekigahara
The Battle of Sekigahara (Shinjitai: ; Kyūjitai: , Hepburn romanization: ''Sekigahara no Tatakai'') was a decisive battle on October 21, 1600 ( Keichō 5, 15th day of the 9th month) in what is now Gifu prefecture, Japan, at the end of ...
to a small ''
hatamoto
A was a high ranking samurai in the direct service of the Tokugawa shogunate of feudal Japan. While all three of the shogunates in Japanese history had official retainers, in the two preceding ones, they were referred to as '' gokenin.'' Howev ...
'' holding of 6700 ''koku'' in Shitsumi district.
Yamana Toyokuni was allowed to construct a ''
jin'ya
A was a type of administrative headquarters in the Tokugawa Shogunate during the Edo period of Japanese history.
''Jin'ya'' served as the seat of the administration for a small domain, a province, or additional parcels of land. ''Jin'ya'' hou ...
'' and although it was a poor territory, his descendants opened mines, new rice fields, fostered raising cattle and gradually raided their revenues until 1868, when the reached the 11,000 ''koku'' level and were allowed to become ''
daimyō
were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and nominall ...
'' by the new
Meiji government
The was the government that was formed by politicians of the Satsuma Domain and Chōshū Domain in the 1860s. The Meiji government was the early government of the Empire of Japan.
Politicians of the Meiji government were known as the Meiji ...
. However, the title was abolished only a few months later, and the Yamana served as imperial governors of "Muraoka Prefecture" until the abolition of the
han system
( ja, 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Han"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 283. or (daimyo domain ...
in 1871. The final ruler, Yamana Yoshimichi, was ennobled with the ''
kazoku
The was the hereditary peerage of the Empire of Japan, which existed between 1869 and 1947. They succeeded the feudal lords () and court nobles (), but were abolished with the 1947 constitution.
Kazoku ( 華族) should not be confused with ...
'' title of baron (''danshaku'').
Meiji period
Following the
Meiji restoration
The , referred to at the time as the , and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Regeneration, Reform, or Renewal, was a political event that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Although there were ...
, each of the domains (Toyooka, Izushi and Muraoka) briefly became prefectures, which were annexed to Sasayama Prefecture in August 1871, transferred to Toyooka Prefecture in December 1871 and incorporated into Hyōgo Prefecture in August 1876.
[Nussbaum]
"Provinces and prefectures"
at p. 780. Per the early
Meiji period
The is an era of Japanese history that extended from October 23, 1868 to July 30, 1912.
The Meiji era was the first half of the Empire of Japan, when the Japanese people moved from being an isolated feudal society at risk of colonization ...
, an official government assessment of the nation’s resources, the province had 620 villages with a total ''
kokudaka
refers to a system for determining land value for taxation purposes under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo-period Japan, and expressing this value in terms of ''koku'' of rice. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Koku"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 54 ...
'' of 144,312 ''
koku
The is a Chinese-based Japanese unit of volume. 1 koku is equivalent to 10 or approximately , or about . It converts, in turn, to 100 shō and 1000 gō. One ''gō'' is the volume of the "rice cup", the plastic measuring cup that is supplied ...
''. Tajima Province consisted of:
Gallery
Awaga-jinja, shaden.jpg, Awaga Jinja, ''ichinomiya'' of the province
Izushi Jinja 02.JPG, Izushi Jinja, ''ichinomiya'' of the province
Tajima Kokubunji-ato tou.JPG, Ruins of Tajima Kokubun-ji
Konosumiyama Castle zenkei.JPG, Site of Konosumiyama Castle
Flickr - Norio NAKAYAMA - takeda ruin castle (rituunkyo) by 7D.jpg, ruins of Takeda Castle
Notes
References
*
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005)
''Japan encyclopedia.''Cambridge:
Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing. It is a member of the Association of American University Presses. After the retir ...
. ;
* Papinot, Edmond. (1910). ''Historical and Geographic Dictionary of Japan.'' Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha
OCLC 77691250
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tajima Province
Former provinces of Japan
History of Hyōgo Prefecture
1871 disestablishments in Japan
States and territories disestablished in 1871