Abū Naṣr Tāj al-Dīn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb ibn ʿAlī ibn ʻAbd al-Kāfī al-Subkī (), or Tāj al-Dīn al-Subkī ()or simply Ibn al-Subki was a leading Islamic scholar, a
faqīh
A faqīh (plural ''fuqahā'', ar, فقيه, pl. ) is an Islamic jurist, an expert in ''fiqh'', or Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic Law.
Definition
Islamic jurisprudence or ''fiqh'' is the human understanding of the Sharia ( ...
, a
muḥaddith and a historian from the celebrated al-Subkī family of
Shāfiʿī ʿulamā, during the
Mamluk
Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') ...
era.
Life
Tāj al-Dīn al-Subkī was born and educated in Cairo, Egypt, in 1327 (727 AH). He was first educated by his father, the celebrated scholar
Taqī al-Dīn al-Subkī, an influential figure in the
umma
Umma ( sux, ; in modern Dhi Qar Province in Iraq, formerly also called Gishban) was an ancient city in Sumer. There is some scholarly debate about the Sumerian and Akkadian names for this site. Traditionally, Umma was identified with Tell J ...
.
At age 11 years he joined his father in
Damascus, where he studied under the leading scholars of his day, such as the historian
al-Dhahabi
Shams ad-Dīn adh-Dhahabī (), also known as Shams ad-Dīn Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān ibn Qāymāẓ ibn ʿAbdillāh at-Turkumānī al-Fāriqī ad-Dimashqī (5 October 1274 – 3 February 1348) was an Islamic historia ...
and the jurist Ibn al-Naqīb.
Aged 18 he became a ''
mudarris'' (professor) and ''
khaṭīb'' at the
Umayyad
The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by the ...
Mosque. In his late twenties he began to assist his father as
qāḍī (Chief judge) of Syria, and on his father's retirement to Cairo in 1354, he replaced him as qāḍī of Damascus. He also held the title Mufti
In 1357 he was removed from office but reinstated several months later. In 1368 he was jailed for misappropriation of funds. Following a petition by friends, he was released after 80 days and seems to have been exonerated. He died of the plague in 1370 (771 AH) aged 44 years.
Works
*''Ṭabaqāt al-Šāfiʻiyyaẗ''— Kubrā, Wusṭā wa Ṣughrā (Large, Medium and Concise);
Biographical dictionary
A biographical dictionary is a type of encyclopedic dictionary limited to biographical information. Many attempt to cover the major personalities of a country (with limitations, such as living persons only, in ''Who's Who'', or deceased people onl ...
of the scholars of the Shāfi’ī legal school; based on the ''Tabyīn kadhib al-Muftarī fī mā nusiba ilā al-Imām Abī al-Ḥasan al- Ash’arī'' of
Ibn ’Asākir; (
Cairo
Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the Capital city, capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the List of urban agglomerations in Africa, largest urban agglomeration in Africa, List of ...
: Maṭbaʻaẗ al-Ḥusayniyyaẗ al-Miṣriyyaẗ, 1906)
*
Kitāb Mu'īd an-Ni'am wa-Mubīd an-Niqām' ("The restorer of favours and the restrainer of chastisements"); Arabic text with introduction and notes by
David Vilhelm Myhrman: treats 113 trades, professions and offices of the author's own time, in the light of how their exponents should behave in order to recover God's favour. (English translation: Luzac & Co., London, 1908).
*''Kitāb al-Ashbāh wa-l-Naẓāʾir'', a legal digest. Tāj al-Dīn al-Subkī, ''al-Ashbāh wa-l-Naẓāʾir'', ed. by Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Mawjūd and ʿAlī Muḥammad ʿIwaḍ, 2 vols. (Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīya, 1991)
See also
*
List of Ash'aris and Maturidis
The list of Ash'aris and Maturidis includes prominent adherents of the Ash'ari and Maturidi schools of thought. The Ash'aris are a doctrinal school of thought named after Imam Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari, and the Maturidi school is named for Abu Mans ...
*
List of Muslim theologians
This is a list of notable Muslim theologians.
Traditional Theologians and Philosophers Ash'aris and Maturidis
* Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari
* Abu Mansur al-Maturidi
* Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi
* Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi
* Shahab_al-Din_Abu_Hafs_Um ...
*
List of Sufis
This list article contains names of notable people commonly considered as Sufis or otherwise associated with Sufism.
List of notable Sufis
A
* Abu Baqar Siddique
* Abadir Umar ar-Rida
* Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi
* Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani
* Al ...
References
Bibliography
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{{DEFAULTSORT:al-Subki, Taj al-Din
Shafi'is
Asharis
Sunni Sufis
14th-century Muslim theologians
Sharia judges
Shaykh al-Islāms
Sunni Muslim scholars
Sunni imams
Egyptian imams
Egyptian Sufis
Egyptian encyclopedists
Theologians from the Mamluk Sultanate
14th-century Arabs
14th-century Egyptian historians
14th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
1327 births
1370 deaths
Supporters of Ibn Arabi