TNF receptor-associated factor 2 is a

protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, res ...

that in humans is encoded by the ''TRAF2''

gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF) protein family. TRAF proteins associate with, and mediate the signal transduction from members of the TNF receptor superfamily. This protein directly interacts with TNF receptors, and forms complexes with other TRAF proteins. TRAF2 is required for TNF-alpha-mediated activation of MAPK8/JNK and NF-κB. The protein complex formed by TRAF2 and

TRAF1 TNF receptor-associated factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRAF1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF receptor (TNFR) associated factor (TRAF) protein family. TRAF proteins associate wit ...

interacts with the IAP family members cIAP1 and cIAP2, and functions as a mediator of the anti-apoptotic signals from TNF receptors. The interaction of this protein with TRADD, a TNF receptor associated apoptotic signal transducer, ensures the recruitment of IAPs for the direct inhibition of

caspase Caspases (cysteine-aspartic proteases, cysteine aspartases or cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed proteases) are a family of protease enzymes playing essential roles in programmed cell death. They are named caspases due to their specific cyste ...

activation. cIAP1 can ubiquitinate and induce the degradation of this protein, and thus potentiate TNF-induced apoptosis. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the biological validity of only one transcript has been determined.

Interactions

TRAF2 has been shown to

interact Advocates for Informed Choice, doing business as, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex trai ...

with: * ASK1, * BCL10, *

BIRC2 Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 (also known as cIAP1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BIRC2'' gene. Function cIAP1 is a member of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis family that inhibit apoptosis by interfering with the act ...

, * Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3, * CASP8AP2, * CD134, *

CD137 CD137 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor ( TNF) receptor family. Its alternative names are ''tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9'' (TNFRSF9), 4-1BB and ''induced by lymphocyte activation'' (ILA). It is of interest to immunolo ...

, * CD27, * CD40, *

CFLAR CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CFLAR'' gene. Also called c-FLIP (FLICE Caspase-8 is a caspase protein, encoded by the ''CASP8'' gene. It most likely acts upon caspase-3. ''CASP8'' orthol ...

, * CHUK, * Caveolin 1, *

EDARADD Ectodysplasin-A receptor-associated adapter protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''EDARADD'' gene. Function This gene was identified by its association with ectodermal dysplasia, and specifically with hypohidrotic ectodermal ...

, * HIVEP3, * IKK2, * Low affinity nerve growth factor receptor, * MAP3K14, * MAP3K1, * MAP3K7IP2, * MAP4K2, * MAP4K5, * RANK, * RIPK1, * SPHK1, *

TANK A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat. Tank designs are a balance of heavy firepower, strong armour, and good battlefield mobility provided by tracks and a powerful ...

, * TANK-binding kinase 1, * TNFAIP3, * TNFRSF13B, * TNFRSF14, * TNFRSF1A, *

TNFRSF1B Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B (TNFRSF1B) and CD120b, is one of two membrane receptors that binds tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). Like its counterpart, tumor necro ...

, * TNFSF14, * TRADD, * TRAF interacting protein, *

, and * UBE2N.

Model organisms

Model organism A model organism (often shortened to model) is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the model organism will provide insight into the workin ...

s have been used in the study of TRAF2 function. A conditional

knockout mouse A knockout mouse, or knock-out mouse, is a genetically modified mouse (''Mus musculus'') in which researchers have inactivated, or "knocked out", an existing gene by replacing it or disrupting it with an artificial piece of DNA. They are importan ...

line called ''Traf2^{tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi}'' was generated at the

Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute The Wellcome Sanger Institute, previously known as The Sanger Centre and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, is a non-profit British genomics and genetics research institute, primarily funded by the Wellcome Trust. It is located on the Wellcome G ...

. Male and female animals underwent a standardized

phenotypic screen In genetics, the phenotype () is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism. The term covers the organism's morphology or physical form and structure, its developmental processes, its biochemical and physiological prop ...

to determine the effects of deletion. Additional screens performed: - In-depth immunological phenotyping

Function

Interactions

Model organisms

References

Further reading