() is the popular name for the Scottish Gaelic Christmas carol (). It is traditionally sung at Midnight Mass in the

Outer Hebrides The Outer Hebrides () or Western Isles ( gd, Na h-Eileanan Siar or or ("islands of the strangers"); sco, Waster Isles), sometimes known as the Long Isle/Long Island ( gd, An t-Eilean Fada, links=no), is an island chain off the west coast ...

in Scotland. The 29 verses of the hymn date from the 19th century and are intended to represent a lullaby for the

Christ Child The Christ Child, also known as Divine Infant, Baby Jesus, Infant Jesus, the Divine Child, Child Jesus, the Holy Child, Santo Niño, and to some as Señor Noemi refers to Jesus Christ from his nativity to age 12. The four canonical gospels, a ...

by the

Blessed Virgin Mary; arc, ܡܪܝܡ, translit=Mariam; ar, مريم, translit=Maryam; grc, Μαρία, translit=María; la, Maria; cop, Ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲁ, translit=Maria was a first-century Jewish woman of Nazareth, the wife of Joseph and the mother of ...

. The same hymn was popularised throughout the

Anglosphere The Anglosphere is a group of English-speaking world, English-speaking nations that share historical and cultural ties with England, and which today maintain close political, diplomatic and military co-operation. While the nations included in d ...

during the early 20th century by

Marjory Kennedy-Fraser Marjory Kennedy-Fraser (1 October 1857 – 22 November 1930) was a Scottish singer, composer and music teacher and supporter of women's suffrage and pacifism. According to Ray Perman, Kennedy-Fraser "made a career of collecting Gaelic songs in ...

as an

art song An art song is a Western vocal music composition, usually written for one voice with piano accompaniment, and usually in the classical art music tradition. By extension, the term "art song" is used to refer to the collective genre of such songs ...

with translated lyrics and the title ''The Christ-Child's Lullaby''.

The Collector

The song was written down from the oral tradition by Fr.

Allan MacDonald Allan Macdonald (November 21, 1794 White Plains, Westchester County, New York – January 1862) was an American politician from New York. Life He was the son of Dr. Archibald Macdonald (d. 1813), a native of Scotland. Allan Macdonald was Postm ...

(1859-1905), one of the most important figures in modern Scottish Gaelic literature and Celtic studies, and appeared in his 1893 Catholic hymnal in Gaelic. American

ethnomusicologist Ethnomusicology is the study of music from the cultural and social aspects of the people who make it. It encompasses distinct theoretical and methodical approaches that emphasize cultural, social, material, cognitive, biological, and other dim ...

Amy Murray first heard the lullaby being sung from the choir loft of St Michael's Roman Catholic Church upon Eriskay. Deeply moved, she asked Father Allan afterwards whether it was another of his translations of Gregorian chant into Scottish Gaelic. Fr. MacDonald made a face and admitted that he had transcribed the music and lyrics after hearing the lullaby sung by traditional singers inside a ceilidh house and had included both in his hymnal. Fr. MacDonald admitted, however, to preferring the now lost way it had previously been sung and expressed a belief that it's adaptation to choral performance at Mass had harmed the lullaby significantly.

Lyricist

The words are believed to have been written by Fr. Ranald Rankin (c.1785-1863) ( gd, Maighstir Raonall, An t-Urramach Raonall Mac Raing), a Roman Catholic priest from Fort William, Scotland. Like other priests of his generation, Fr. Ranald Rankin grew up and studied for his vocation covertly, as both the Penal Laws and the

religious persecution Religious persecution is the systematic mistreatment of an individual or a group of individuals as a response to their religion, religious beliefs or affiliations or their irreligion, lack thereof. The tendency of societies or groups within soc ...

of the strictly illegal and underground

Catholic Church in Scotland The Catholic Church in Scotland overseen by the Scottish Bishops' Conference, is part of the worldwide Catholic Church headed by the Pope. After being firmly established in Scotland for nearly a millennium, the Catholic Church was outlawed fo ...

since the 1560 Scottish Reformation were still very much a fact of life. He first attended, according to historian Odo Blundell of Fort Augustus Abbey, the secret Lismore Seminary before being sent to continue his studies in Spain at the

Royal Scots College The Royal Scots College (Real Colegio de Escoceses) is a major seminary in Salamanca, Spain, for the Catholic Church in Scotland. It was located originally at Madrid, then Valladolid, and then Salamanca (from 1988). History The Royal Scots Colleg ...

in Valladolid. After his ordination and return to Scotland, Fr Rankin served between 1827 and 1838 among the Catholics of Badenoch, where he was tireless is seeking financial contributions to build a proper church building during the immediate aftermath of Catholic Emancipation in 1829. Dom Odo Blundell later described him as, "one of the best and most popular priests that ever came to the parish, with both rich and poor". One Badenoch seanchaidh, or tradition bearer, later described Fr. Rankin as, "a little wee man like myself, but awful quick and very good at the

shinty Shinty ( gd, camanachd, iomain) is a team game played with sticks and a ball. Shinty is now played mainly in the Scottish Highlands and amongst Highland migrants to the big cities of Scotland, but it was formerly more widespread in Scotland, an ...

." (See Kingussie Camanachd). Despite having travelled far and wide to collect subscriptions towards the building of the new church building located near the bridge in Kingussie and dedicated to

St Michael the Archangel ST, St, or St. may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Stanza, in poetry * Suicidal Tendencies, an American heavy metal/hardcore punk band * Star Trek, a science-fiction media franchise * Summa Theologica, a compendium of Catholic philosophy an ...

, Fr. Rankin was transferred to Moidart in 1838, well before it was completed. At Fort William in Moidart, Fr. Rankin was documented by the succeeding parish priest, Fr. Hugh Chisholm, as having served the parish between 1838 and 25 July 1855. It is believed that the hymn was composed shortly before the latter date. In his ''Moidart: Among the Clanranalds'', Fr. Charles Macdonald writes that Father Rankin was "an outspoken advocate in behalf of emigration." Fr. Rankin had long believed that leaving Scotland was the only way for his parishioners to escape the dire poverty under which they lived due to both excessive rents and the constant threat of eviction by

Anglo-Scottish Anglo is a prefix indicating a relation to, or descent from, the Angles, England, English culture, the English people or the English language, such as in the term ''Anglosphere''. It is often used alone, somewhat loosely, to refer to people o ...

landlords. When the

Highland Clearances The Highland Clearances ( gd, Fuadaichean nan Gàidheal , the "eviction of the Gaels") were the evictions of a significant number of tenants in the Scottish Highlands and Islands, mostly in two phases from 1750 to 1860. The first phase resulte ...

ordered by Ranald George Macdonald, 19th

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of Clanranald, depopulated the Moidart and Lochaber countryside and replaced his parishioners with sheep at the height of the Highland Potato Famine, Fr. Rankin urged the families of the evicted, who were offered a choice between resettlement on agriculturally worthless parts of the Clanranald estates and departure for

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

in an assisted emigration scheme by the Highland and Island Emigration Society, to choose the latter. Fr Rankin also promised his parishioners that he would soon follow them to Australia. The bulk of his former parishioners arrived at Port Phillip in 1852. According to John Watts, Little River and

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were the main population centers in the Colony of Victoria of Roman Catholic Gaels from Lochaber and Moidart. After belatedly obtaining a release from Bishop James Kyle, Fr. Rankin sailed from Scotland aboard the ''James Baines'' to Australia. In 1857, he was assigned by Bishop James Alipius Goold of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Melbourne as parish priest in Little River, near

Geelong Geelong ( ) (Wathawurrung: ''Djilang''/''Djalang'') is a port city in the southeastern Australian state of Victoria, located at the eastern end of Corio Bay (the smaller western portion of Port Phillip Bay) and the left bank of Barwon River, ...

. Fr. Rankin built a church and

Catholic school Catholic schools are pre-primary, primary and secondary educational institutions administered under the aegis or in association with the Catholic Church. , the Catholic Church operates the world's largest religious, non-governmental school syste ...

out of locally obtained bluestone, but died there in February 1863. He is still considered, though, the founding pastor of St Michael's Roman Catholic Church in Little River. The hymn is believed to have been composed shortly before Fr Rankin emigrated to

and became a missionary at Little River, Victoria. The hymn was originally titled () and sung to a tune called (). The lyric appears as item 10 in the University of Glasgow Library's manuscript where it is entitled which can be translated as '. The same manuscript again gives the title for the tune as () and supplies the same information regarding the author of the lyric and, presumably, date of publication – ''. An t-8mh Mios, 1855'' (Fr. Ronald Rankin, August 1855). Donald MacLean's ''Typographia Scoto-Gadelica'' (1915) p329 documents the first publication of the hymn as follows. ''RANKIN (Rev. RONALD, R.C), THE SAVIOUR'S LULLABY. 1855. "Taladh Ar Slanuighear. Air Fonn 'Cumha Mhic Arois'" and at the end "Cuimhneachan do Chloinn Mhuideart bho Raonall Mac-Raing. An T-8mh Mios. 1855."' 12mo. 4 pp. These copies were circulated among the Parishioners on the emigration of the Author to Australia.''

Tune

"Mac Fir Àrois" (lit. "the son of the Man of Aros" fig. "Son of the Laird of Aros") – i.e. the Tanist of Aros on the

Isle of Mull The Isle of Mull ( gd, An t-Eilean Muileach ) or just Mull (; gd, Muile, links=no ) is the second-largest island of the Inner Hebrides (after Skye) and lies off the west coast of Scotland in the Council areas of Scotland, council area of Arg ...

in Scotland – is traditionally held to have drowned in Loch Friosa in Mull. The Rev. John Gregorson Campbell, states the following. "The heir of Aros, a young man of great personal activity, and, it is said, of dissolute manners, having an opinion of himself that there was no horse he could not ride, was taken by a

water-horse A water horse (or "waterhorse" in some folklore) is a mythical creature, such as the , , the and kelpie. Name origin The term "water horse" was originally a name given to the kelpie, a creature similar to the hippocamp, which has the head ...

into Loch Frisa, a small lake about a mile in length in the north-west of Mull and devoured. This occurred between his espousal and marriage, and the Lament composed by his intended bride is still and deservedly a popular song in Mull. There seems to be this much truth in the story, that the young man was dragged into Loch Frisa by a mare which he was attempting to subdue and drowned. It would appear from the song that his body was recovered." However, 'Mhic Àrois' appears to be a garbling of a term like 'mac Fir Àrasaig' (son of the Man of Arisaig). The medieval title 'Fear Àrasaig ( Laird of Arisaig) belonged to Clan Mackintosh. In p168 of ''An Gaidheal'' Vol II (1873), Donald C MacPherson wrote the words for what he titled 'Cumha Mhic a Arois. No Cumha Mhic-an-Tòisich.' ("The Lament for the Son of a-Arois. Or the Lament for Mackintosh".) The lyric he provides is a variant of the lyric for ''Cumha Mhic an Tòisich'' but contains a line 'Dheagh mhic a Arois' (Good Son of a-Arois). The tune of ''Tàladh ar Slànaigheir'' bears similarities to the group of songs related to the pipe lament ''Cumha Mhic an Tòisich'' (Mackintosh's Lament), which has another alternative title of ''Cumha Mhic Rìgh Aro'' (Lament for the Son of the King of Aro). However, these similarities are only in general melodic structure and poetic metre, but not in musical mode or scale. It is therefore possible that the tune used in the

for ''Tàladh ar Slànaigheir'' is a substitute related melody. In an article tracing the sources of the Gaelic hymns in Fr.

's 1893 Catholic hymnal, John Lorne Campbell states the following concerning the melody of ''Tàladh ar Slànaigheir'', which survived only in the

, "The tune is said to be "Cumha Mhic Arois" in all these early printed sources, but the hymn is now sung to an air which appears to be derived from the chorus of an old waulking song." The waulking song melody was identified by Campbell's wife,

American American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, pe ...

Margaret Fay Shaw Margaret Fay Shaw (9 November 1903 – 11 December 2004) was a pioneering Scottish-American ethnomusicologist, photographer, and folklorist. She is best known for her work among Scottish Gaelic-speakers in the Hebrides and among Canadian Gaelic ...

, as ''An cuala sibh mar dh'éirich dhòmhs''.

(1986), ''Folksongs and Folklore of South Uist'', p.155. Recordings exist of two versions of the tune for this. The variants of the tune of ''Tàladh ar Slànaigheir'' differ in mode from each other in a similar fashion to variants of the song ''Chaidh mo Dhunnchadh dhan Bheinn'' (my Duncan went to the hill). In the case of both songs, the major third of the scale is weakened in one melodic variant and strengthened in another.

Lyrics

Scottish Gaelic

The following text is the version published by the

Clan Chisholm Clan Chisholm (pronounced / ˈtʃɪzəm/ ) ( gd, Siosal, IPA: �ʃis̪əɫ̪ is a Highland Scottish clan. History Origins According to Alexander Mackenzie, the Clan Chisholm is of Norman and Saxon origin. Tradition stating that the Chisholms w ...

, Colin Chisholm (1806–1896), in the ''Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness'' Vol XV (1888–89), pp239–242. {, , width="350" valign="top" , p239 :TÀLADH AR SLÀNUIGHIR :Air fonn – ''Cumha Mhic Àrois'' :''Aleluiah, Aleluiah, Aleluiah, Aleluiah.'' :Mo ghaol, mo ghràdh, a's m' fheudail thu, :M' ionntas ùr a's m' èibhneas thu, :Mo mhacan àlainn ceutach thu, :Chan fhiù mi fhèin bhith 'd dhàil. : Aleluiah, &c. :Ge mòr an t-adhbhar cliù dhomh e, :'S mòr an t-adhbhar cùraim e, :'S mòr an t-adhbhar ùmhlachd e, :Rìgh nan dùl bhith 'm làimh. :Ged is leanabh dìblidh thu, :Cinnteach 's Rìgh nan Rìghrean thu, :'S tu 'n t-oighre dligheach, fìrinneach :Air Rìoghachd Dhé nan gràs. :Ged is Rìgh na glòrach thu :Dhiùlt iad an taigh-òsda dhuit, :Ach chualas ainglean solasach :Toirt glòir don Tì as àird. :Bu mhòr solas agus iongnadh :Buachaillean bochda nan caorach, :Nuair chual' iad na h-ainglean a' glaodhaich, :"Thàinig Slànaighear thun an t-saoghail." :B' e sin an ceòl, 's an naidheachd àghmhor :Sheinn na h-ainglean anns na h-àrdaibh, :Ag innseadh gun d' rugadh Slànaighear :Am Betlehem, am baile Dhaibhidh. p240 :B' e sin sgeula binn nam beannachd, :Mun aoigh a rinn teàrnadh gu talamh, :Chan iongnadh mi bhith mùirneach, geanail. :Is gile na ghrian mo leanabh. :Dh'fhoillsich reulta dha na rìghrean, :Lean iad i mar iùil gu dìleas, :Fhuair iad nam achlais fhèin thu, :Is rinn iad ùmhlachd dhuit gu làr. :Thairg iad òr dhuit, mirr a's tùis, :Thug iad adhradh dhuit is cliù, :B' e turas an àigh don triùir, :Thàinig a shealltainn mo rùin. :Ò na dh'innis aingeal Dé dhuinn :Gun robh 'n fhoill an cridhe Heroid, :Dh'fhalbh sinne leat don Èiphit :Ga sheachnadh mun dèanta beud ort. :Ò! Heroid a chridhe chruaidh, :Cha choisinn d' innleachd dhuit buaidh, :'S lìonar màthair dh’fhàg thu truagh, :'S tu dian an tòir air bàs mo luaidh. :'S fhada, fhada, bho Iudèa, :Tèarainte bho d' chlaidheamh geur e, :Measg nam mac cha d'fhuair thu fhèin e, :'S fallain, slàn thu, 's fàth dhomh èibhneas. :Dh'aindeoin do mhì-rùn] is d' fharmaid, :Bidh mo mhac-sa cliùiteach, ainmeil, :Cha chuir e ùidh an òr n' an airgead, :A rìoghachd cha rìoghachd thalmhaidh. :Gur galach, brònach, tùrsach iad :An-dràst ann an Ierusalem, :A' caoidh nam macan ùra sin, :'S b' e 'n diùbhail 'n cur gu bàs. :Tha Rachel an-diugh fo bhròn, :A' caoidh a pàistean àlainn, òg, :'S frasach air a gruaidh na deòir :Bho nach eil iad aice beò. p241 :Tha mi 'g altrum Righ na mòrachd, :'S mise màthair Dhe na glòire – :Nach buidhe, nach sona dhomhsa, :Tha mo chridhe làn do sholas. :Thàinig, thàinig am Messiah, :Fhuair na fàidhean uile 'n guidhe, :'S fhada bho 'n b' aill leo thu thighinn, :'S àluinn thu air mo ruighe. :A ghnothach gu talamh cha b' fhaoin e, :Cheannach sàbhaladh chloinn daoine, :'S e 'm Fear-réite 's am Fear-saoraidh, :Is e 'n Slànui'ear gràdhach caomh e. :Ciamar a dh'éirich dhomhsa :'Measg an t-sluaigh a bhi cho sònruicht'? :'S e toil a's cumhachd na glòire :Mac bhi agam ge d' is òigh mi. :'S mise fhuair an ulaidh phrìseil, :Ùiseil, uasal, luachmhor, fhìnealt, :'N-diugh cha dual dhomh bhi fo mhì-ghean, :'S coltach ri bruadar an fhirinn. :Cha tuig ainglean naomh no daoine :Gu la deireannach an t-saoghail :Meud do thròcair a's do ghaoil-sa, :Tighinn a ghabhail coluinn daonnda. :Bheir mi moladh, bheir mi adhradh, :Bheir mi cliù dhuit, bheir mi gaol dhuit, :Tha thu agam air mo ghàirdean, :'S mi tha sona thar chloinn daoine. :Mo ghaol an t-sùil a sheallas tlàth, :Mo ghaol an cridh 'tha lìont' le gràdh, :Ged is leanabh thu gun chàil :'S lìonmhor buaidh tha ort a' fàs. :M' ulaidh, m' aighear, a's mo luaidh thu, :Rùn, a's gaol, a's gràdh an t-sluaigh thu; :'S tus' an Tì a bheir dhoibh fuasgladh :Bho chuibhreach an nàmhaid uaibhrich. p242 :'S tu Righ nan righ, 's tu naomh nan naomh, :Dia am Mac thu 's sìorruidh d' aois; :'S tu mo Dhia 's mo leanabh gaoil, :'S tu àrd cheann-feadhna 'chinne-daonn'. :'S tusa grian gheal an dòchais, :Chuireas dorchadas air fògairt ; :Bheir thu clann-daoin' bho staid bhrònaich :Gu naomhachd, soilleireachd, a's eòlas. :Thigeadh na slòigh chur ort failte – :Dhèanadh ùmhlachd dhuit mar Shlànui'ear, :Bidh solas mòr am measg sìol Àdhamh – :Thàinig am Fear-saoraidh, thàinig! :Thig a pheacaich, na biodh sgàth ort, :Gheibh thu na dh'iarras tu 'ghràsan; :Ge d' bhiodh do chiontan dearg mar sgàrlaid :Bidh d' anam geal mar shneachd nan àrd-bheann. :Hosanah do Mhac Dhaibhidh, :Mo Righ, mo Thighearna, 's mo Shlànui'ear, :'S mòr mo sholas bhi ga d' thàladh, :'S beannaichte am measg nam mnàith mi. ,

Literal English translation

p 239 :''Hallelujah, Hallelujah, Hallelujah, Hallelujah.'' :my love, my love and my treasure are You :my treasure and my joy are You :my lovely, becoming son are You :I'm not worthy of being near You :though it's a reason for praise to me :it's a great reason for care :it's a great reason for homage :the King of the Elements being in my arms :though You're a feeble baby :for sure, the King of Kings are You :You're the rightful, true heir :of the Kingdom of God of the graces :though the King of Glory are You :they refused the inn to You :but joyful angels were heard :giving glory to the Highest One :great was the joy and wonder :of the poor shepherds of the sheep :when they heard the angels crying out :"a Saviour has come to the world" :that was the music and the joyous news :that the angels sang in the heights :telling that a Saviour was born :in Bethlehem, in the town of David p 240 :that was the sweet tale of the blessings :about the guest that did descend from heaven :it's no surprise that I'm light and cheerful :fairer/whiter than the sun is my baby :a star manifested for the kings :they followed her like a guide faithfully :they found You in my clasp :and they made obeisance to You ownto the floor :they offered gold to You, myrrh and incense :they gave adoration to You and praise :that was the journey of joy for the three men :who came to see my dearest :since the angel of God told us :that deceit was in the heart of Herod :we left with You for Egypt :evading him before harm was done to You :O Herod, o hard heart / O Herod of the hard heart :your contrivance will not gain you victory :many the mothers that you left wretched :when you were vehement in pursuit of the death of my dear one :far, far from Judea :safe from your sharp sword is He :among the sons you didn't find Him :You are healthy, whole, and a cause of rejoicing to me :despite your ill-will and your envy :my Son will be renowned, famous :He won't show interest in gold or in silver :His Kingdom tis not an earthly kingdom :wailing, sorrowful, weary are they :now in Jerusalem :lamenting those new sons :their putting to death was a tragedy indeed :Rachel today is sorrowful :lamenting her lovely young child :streaming on her cheek are the tears :since she doesn't have them alive p 241 :I'm rearing the King of Majesty :I'm the mother of the God of Glory :how fortunate, how happy for me :my heart is full of joy :the Messiah has come, has come :all the prophets have got their wish :they've long desired for You to come :You're lovely on my forearm :His business on earth, it isn't futile :to buy the salvation of the children of men :He's the Reconciler and the Redeemer :He is the loving gentle Saviour :how has it happened that I :among the people am so special :it's the will and power of Glory :to have a son though I be a virgin :tis I who have found the priceless treasure :worthy, noble, valuable and fine :today I'm not disposed to be discontent :tis like a dream the truth :neither holy angels nor men will understand :till the last day of the world :the extent of Your mercy and Your love :coming to take a human body :I give you praise, I give you adoration :I give you praise, I give you love :I have you in my arms :tis I who am happy over the children of men :my love the eye that looks mild :my love the heart that is filled with love :though You be a baby without a strong constitution :many are the virtues which on You grow :my treasure, my joy and my dearest are You :my darling and love and love of the people are You :You're the One who brings them liberation :from the bond of the haughty Enemy p 242 :You're the King of Kings, You're the Holy One of the Holy Ones :God the Son are You, eternal is Your age :You're my God and my beloved baby :You're the high chief of the children of men :You're the fair/white sun of hope :who banishes darkness :You bring the children of men from a sorry state :to holiness, illumination and knowledge :the peoples would come to welcome You :they would pay homage to You as Saviour :there will be great joy among the seed of Adam :the Redeemer has come, has come :come, O sinner, do not fear :you'll get what you want of graces :though your faults be red like scarlet :your soul will be white like the snow of the high hills :hosanna to the Son of David :my King, my Lord and my Saviour :great is my joy to be lulling You :blessed among the women am I ,

References

Video footage

Fiona J. MacKenzie's RenditionThe Rankin Sisters' RenditionMeredith Hall and Le Nef, Montreal, 2004

External links

Alan Lomax Research CenterAlan Lomax Research Center (Continued)''An cuala sibh mar dh'éirich dhòmhs' '' sung an octave up''An cuala sibh mar dh'éirich dhòmhs' '' sung an octave down
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