Leon Chwistek Portret Tytusa Czyżewskiego 1920

Tytus Czyżewski (28 December 1880 in Przyszowa – 5 May 1945 in

Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...

) was a Polish painter, art theoretician,

Futurist Futurists (also known as futurologists, prospectivists, foresight practitioners and horizon scanners) are people whose specialty or interest is futurology or the attempt to systematically explore predictions and possibilities abou ...

poet A poet is a person who studies and creates poetry. Poets may describe themselves as such or be described as such by others. A poet may simply be the creator ( thinker, songwriter, writer, or author) who creates (composes) poems (oral or writte ...

playwright A playwright or dramatist is a person who writes plays. Etymology The word "play" is from Middle English pleye, from Old English plæġ, pleġa, plæġa ("play, exercise; sport, game; drama, applause"). The word "wright" is an archaic English ...

, member of the Polish Formists, mefedroniarz and

Colorist In comics, a colorist is responsible for adding color to black-and-white line art. For most of the 20th century this was done using brushes and dyes which were then used as guides to produce the printing plates. Since the late 20th century it is ...

Biography

In 1902 he studied at the

Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow The Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków ( pl, Akademia Sztuk Pięknych im. Jana Matejki w Krakowie, usually abbreviated to ''ASP''), is a public institution of higher education located in the centre of Kraków, Poland. It is the oldest Pol ...

in the painting studios of

Józef Mehoffer Józef Mehoffer (19 March 1869 – 8 July 1946) was a Polish painter and decorative artist, one of the leading artists of the Young Poland movement and one of the most revered Polish artists of his time. Life Mehoffer was born in Ropczyce, ...

and

Leon Wyczółkowski Leon Jan Wyczółkowski (; 24 April 1852 – 27 December 1936) was one of the leading Painting, painters of the Young Poland movement, as well as the principal representative of Polish Realism (arts), Realism in art of Polish culture in the Inter ...

. Czyżewski travelled to

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

and learned from the artistic trends there. He began exhibiting in 1906. Czyżewski painting style was highly influenced by Cézanne and

El Greco Domḗnikos Theotokópoulos ( el, Δομήνικος Θεοτοκόπουλος ; 1 October 1541 7 April 1614), most widely known as El Greco ("The Greek"), was a Greek painter, sculptor and architect of the Spanish Renaissance. "El G ...

, whose work he admired until his death. In 1917, with the brothers

Zbigniew Zbigniew () is a Polish masculine given name, originally Zbygniew . This West Slavic name is derived from the Polish elements ''Zby-'' (from ''zbyć, zbyć się, or pozbyć się'', meaning "to dispel", "to get rid of") and ''gniew'', meaning "ang ...

and

Andrzej Pronaszko Andrzej Pronaszko (31 December 1888 in Derebchyn - 15 January 1961 in Warsaw) was a Polish painter and scenographer, one of the most prominent representatives of the Young Poland movement and the Polish avant-garde of the 1920s and 1930s, Zbign ...

, he organized in Kraków an exhibition of Polish Expressionist works. The group later became known as the ''Polish Formists''. Until the break-up of the Formists in 1922, he was the primary artist and theoretician behind the movement as well as the joint editor of the periodical ''Formiści''. He was also co-founder of the Polish Futurist clubs, and published Futurist-inspired "visual poetry." Czyżewski brief flirted with

Surrealism Surrealism is a cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists depicted unnerving, illogical scenes and developed techniques to allow the unconscious mind to express itself. Its aim was, according to l ...

and spent the rest of his life as a

Selected work

*Poetry: **''Zielone Oko. Poezje formistyczne. Elektryczne wizje'', 1920 **''Noc – dzień. Mechaniczny instynkt elektryczny'', 1922 **''Pastorałki'', 1925 **''Robespierre. Rapsod. Cinema. Od romantyzmu do cynizmu'', 1927 **''Lajkonik w chmurach'', 1936 *Prose: **''A Burglar of the Better Sort: Plays, Verse, Theoretical Notes''. Translated by Charles Kraszewski. Publisher: Glagoslav Publication, 2019.

References

Czyżewski Biography

Profile of Tytus Czyżewski
a
Culture.pl
* Artola, Inés R. (2015), ''Formiści: la síntesis de la modernidad (1917 – 1922). Conexiones y protagonistas'', Granada: Libargo,

External links

ArtNet: More works by Czyżewski.
Polish male dramatists and playwrights Futurologists 20th-century Polish painters 20th-century Polish male artists 1880 births 1945 deaths 20th-century Polish poets 20th-century Polish dramatists and playwrights Polish male poets 20th-century Polish male writers People from Limanowa County Polish male painters {{Poland-painter-stub