Type 12 frigate refers to several ship classes, most commonly the three

ship class A ship class is a group of ships of a similar design. This is distinct from a ship type, which might reflect a similarity of tonnage or intended use. For example, is a nuclear aircraft carrier (ship type) of the (ship class). In the course ...

es of the

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against ...

designed during the 1950s and constructed during the 1960s. * The first Type 12 frigates, designed as convoy escorts, were later named the . Six operated in the Royal Navy, with one loaned to the

Royal New Zealand Navy The Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN; mi, Te Taua Moana o Aotearoa, , Sea Warriors of New Zealand) is the maritime arm of the New Zealand Defence Force. The fleet currently consists of nine ships. The Navy had its origins in the Naval Defence Act ...

, and two built for the

Indian Navy The Indian Navy is the maritime branch of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Navy. The Chief of Naval Staff, a four-star admiral, commands the navy. As a blue-water navy, it operates si ...

. * The design of the Type 12 Modified (Type 12M) or was optimised towards anti-submarine warfare and fleet escort duties, and fitted with the

Sea Cat missile Seacat was a British short-range surface-to-air missile system intended to replace the ubiquitous Bofors 40 mm gun aboard warships of all sizes. It was the world's first operational shipboard point-defence missile system, and was designed so tha ...

system. Nine were built for the Royal Navy, two for the Royal New Zealand Navy, and three (as the 'President class') for the South African Navy. * The third class, designed as an all-purpose warship, was known as the Type 12 Improved (Type 12I) or the . The class was made up of three 'batches'; the main differences between each batch being variations in propulsion machinery and weapons outfit. 26 were built for the Royal Navy, some of which later saw service in the navies of Chile, Ecuador, New Zealand, and Pakistan. The Type 12 designation is sometimes used to refer to warship classes based on the Type 12 design, but constructed or operated by other naval forces. Some of these are still in service as of 2009: * The s of the

Chilean Navy The Chilean Navy ( es, Armada de Chile) is the naval warfare service branch of the Chilean Armed Forces. It is under the Ministry of National Defense. Its headquarters are at Edificio Armada de Chile, Valparaiso. History Origins and the War ...

. Based on the ''Leander'' class, this class consisted of four ships, two purpose-built, and two former Royal Navy ''Leander''s. * The s of the

Royal Australian Navy The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the principal naval force of the Australian Defence Force (ADF). The professional head of the RAN is Chief of Navy (CN) Vice Admiral Mark Hammond AM, RAN. CN is also jointly responsible to the Minister of ...

. Six were constructed: two to the ''Rothesay'' design, two to the same design but modified to carry a variable-depth sonar and an Ikara missile system (which was retrofitted to the first two), and two to an Australian-designed ''Leander'' variant. * The s of the

. Six were constructed to an updated design based on the ''Leander''s. * The and s of the Indian Navy. An enlarged ''Nilgiri'' design was used as the basis for six ships (three of each class), with the weapons outfit the main difference between them. * The s of the Royal Netherlands Navy. Based on the ''Leander'' design but with Dutch radars, six ships were built. All six were later transferred to the

Indonesian Navy The Indonesian Navy ( id, Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut, , Indonesian National Military-Naval Force, TNI-AL) is the naval branch of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. It was founded on 10 September 1945 and has a role to patrol ...

and become ''Ahmad Yani''-class frigate. All of them are renamed with Indonesian National Heroes.

References

* Marriott,Leo, 'Royal Navy Frigates Since 1945', Second Edition, , Published by Ian Allan Ltd (Surrey, UK), 1990 * Purvis,M.K., 'Post War RN Frigate and Guided Missile Destroyer Design 1944-1969', Transactions, Royal Institution of Naval Architects (RINA), 1974 * {{cite book , last=Jeremy , first=John C. , editor=Stevens, David , editor2= Reeve, John , title=The Navy and the Nation: the influence of the Navy on modern Australia , url=https://archive.org/details/navynationinflue00stev , url-access=limited , year=2005 , publisher=Allen & Unwin , location=Crows Nest, NSW , isbn=1-74114-200-8 , oclc=67872922 , chapter=Australian shipbuilding and the impact of World War II , page
196
��8

External links

Frigate classes