Twenty-ninth Dynasty Of Egypt
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The Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXIX, alternatively 29th Dynasty or Dynasty 29) is usually classified as the fourth Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian Late Period. It was founded after the overthrow of
Amyrtaeus Amyrtaeus ( , a Hellenization of the original Egyptian name Amenirdisu) of Sais, is the only pharaoh of the Twenty-eighth Dynasty of EgyptCimmino 2003, p. 385. and is thought to be related to the royal family of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty (664†...
, the only Pharaoh of the 28th Dynasty, by
Nefaarud I Nefaarud I or Nayfaurud I, better known with his hellenised name Nepherites I, was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the founder of the 29th Dynasty in 399 BC. Reign Accession It is believed that Nepherites was a general from the deltaic city of Mende ...
in 398 BC, and disestablished upon the overthrow of Nefaarud II in 380 BC.


History

Nefaarud I founded the 29th Dynasty (according to an account preserved in a
papyrus Papyrus ( ) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, '' Cyperus papyrus'', a wetland sedge. ''Papyrus'' (plural: ''papyri'') can also refer to a ...
in the
Brooklyn Museum The Brooklyn Museum is an art museum located in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. At , the museum is New York City's second largest and contains an art collection with around 1.5 million objects. Located near the Prospect Heights, Crown H ...
) by defeating Amyrtaeus in open battle, and later putting him to death at
Memphis Memphis most commonly refers to: * Memphis, Egypt, a former capital of ancient Egypt * Memphis, Tennessee, a major American city Memphis may also refer to: Places United States * Memphis, Alabama * Memphis, Florida * Memphis, Indiana * Memp ...
. Nefaarud then made
Mendes Mendes ( grc-gre, Μένδης, ''gen''.: ), the Greek name of the ancient Egyptian city of Djedet, also known in ancient Egypt as Per-Banebdjedet ("The Domain of the Ram Lord of Djedet") and Anpet, is known today as Tell El-Ruba ( ar, تل ال ...
his capital. On Nefaarud's death, two rival factions fought for the throne: one behind his son
Muthis Muthis may have been an ephemeral ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Twenty-ninth Dynasty. Biography He is sometime reported as a son of Nepherites I who ruled for a brief time before being deposed by an usurper, Psammuthes. However, this stateme ...
, and the other supporting a usurper
Psammuthes Psammuthes or Psammuthis,Ray, J. D., 1986: "Psammuthis and Hakoris", '' The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology'', 72: 149-158. was a pharaoh of the Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt during 392/1 BC. Biography The place of this king in the dynasty is a m ...
; although Psammuthes was successful, he only managed to reign for a year. Psammuthes was overthrown by
Hakor Hakor or Hagar, also known by the hellenized forms Achoris or Hakoris, was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 29th Dynasty. His reign marks the apex of this feeble and short-lived dynasty, having ruled for 13 years – more than half of its enti ...
, who claimed to be the grandson of Nefaarud I. He successfully resisted
Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...
attempts to reconquer Egypt, drawing support from
Athens Athens ( ; el, Αθήνα, Athína ; grc, Ἀθῆναι, Athênai (pl.) ) is both the capital and largest city of Greece. With a population close to four million, it is also the seventh largest city in the European Union. Athens dominates ...
(until the
Peace of Antalcidas The King's Peace (387 BC) was a peace treaty guaranteed by the Persian King Artaxerxes II that ended the Corinthian War in ancient Greece. The treaty is also known as the Peace of Antalcidas, after Antalcidas, the Spartan diplomat who traveled t ...
in 387 BC), and from the rebel king of
Cyprus Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is geo ...
, Evagoras. Although his son Nefaarud II became king on his death, the younger Nefaarud was unable to keep hold of his inheritance.


Pharaohs of the 29th Dynasty


Timeline of the 29th Dynasty

ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:12 PlotArea = top:100 bottom:100 right:100 left:100 AlignBars = early DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:-398 till:-370 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:-398 Colors = id:canvas value:rgb(0.97,0.97,0.97) id:PA value:green id:GP value:red Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas BarData = barset:Rulers PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:Rulers from: -398 till: -393 color:PA text:"
Nefaarud I Nefaarud I or Nayfaurud I, better known with his hellenised name Nepherites I, was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the founder of the 29th Dynasty in 399 BC. Reign Accession It is believed that Nepherites was a general from the deltaic city of Mende ...
(
398 BC __NOTOC__ Year 398 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Potitus, Medullinus, Lactucinus, Fidenas, Camillus and Cornutus (or, less frequently, year 356 '' Ab urbe condita''). T ...
– 393 BC)" from: -393 till: -393 color:PA text:"
Psammuthes Psammuthes or Psammuthis,Ray, J. D., 1986: "Psammuthis and Hakoris", '' The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology'', 72: 149-158. was a pharaoh of the Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt during 392/1 BC. Biography The place of this king in the dynasty is a m ...
( 393 BC – 393 BC)" from: -393 till: -380 color:PA text:"
Hakor Hakor or Hagar, also known by the hellenized forms Achoris or Hakoris, was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 29th Dynasty. His reign marks the apex of this feeble and short-lived dynasty, having ruled for 13 years – more than half of its enti ...
( 393 BC –
380 BC 38 may refer to: *38 (number), the natural number following 37 and preceding 39 *one of the years 38 BC, AD 38, 1938, 2038 *.38, a caliber of firearms and cartridges **.38 Special, a revolver cartridge *'' Thirty-Eight: The Hurricane That Transfo ...
)" from: -380 till: -380 color:PA text:" Nefaarud II (
380 BC 38 may refer to: *38 (number), the natural number following 37 and preceding 39 *one of the years 38 BC, AD 38, 1938, 2038 *.38, a caliber of firearms and cartridges **.38 Special, a revolver cartridge *'' Thirty-Eight: The Hurricane That Transfo ...
–
380 BC 38 may refer to: *38 (number), the natural number following 37 and preceding 39 *one of the years 38 BC, AD 38, 1938, 2038 *.38, a caliber of firearms and cartridges **.38 Special, a revolver cartridge *'' Thirty-Eight: The Hurricane That Transfo ...
)" barset:skip


References

*. *. *. Translated by David Lorton. *. *{{citation, last=Traunecker, first=Claude, title=Essai sur l'histoire de la XXIXe dynastie, journal=Bulletin de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale, volume=79, year=1979, pages=395–436, url=http://www.ifao.egnet.net/bifao/Bifao079_art_24.pdf, url-status=dead, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423000522/http://www.ifao.egnet.net/bifao/Bifao079_art_24.pdf, archive-date=2016-04-23. States and territories established in the 4th century BC States and territories disestablished in the 4th century BC 29 398 BC 390s BC establishments 4th-century BC establishments in Egypt 380 BC 4th-century BC disestablishments in Egypt