The Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXI, alternatively 21st Dynasty or Dynasty 21) is usually classified as the first Dynasty of the
Ancient Egyptian
Third Intermediate Period, lasting from 1077 BC to 943 BC.
History
After the reign of
Ramesses III, a long, slow decline of royal power in
Egypt
Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Med ...
followed. The pharaohs of the Twenty-first Dynasty ruled from
Tanis, but were mostly active only in
Lower Egypt
Lower Egypt ( ar, مصر السفلى '; ) is the northernmost region of Egypt, which consists of the fertile Nile Delta between Upper Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea, from El Aiyat, south of modern-day Cairo, and Dahshur. Historically, ...
, which they controlled. This dynasty is described as 'Tanite' because its political capital was based at Tanis. Meanwhile, the
High Priests of Amun at Thebes effectively ruled Middle and Upper Egypt in all but name. The later Egyptian Priest
Manetho
Manetho (; grc-koi, Μανέθων ''Manéthōn'', ''gen''.: Μανέθωνος) is believed to have been an Egyptian priest from Sebennytos ( cop, Ϫⲉⲙⲛⲟⲩϯ, translit=Čemnouti) who lived in the Ptolemaic Kingdom in the early third ...
of Sebennytos states in his Epitome on Egyptian royal history that "the 21st Dynasty of Egypt lasted for 130 years".
[Kenneth A. Kitchen, The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 BC), 3rd edition, 1986, Warminster: Aris & Phillips Ltd, p.531]
Pharaohs of the 21st Dynasty
Timeline of the 21st Dynasty
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from: -1077 till: -1051 color:PA text:" Smendes (1077 BC The 1070s BC is a decade which lasted from 1079 BC to 1070 BC.
Events and trends
* 1079 BC—Death of Zhou cheng wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
* 1078 BC— Zhou kang wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.
* c. 1075 BC—Ne ...
– 1051 BC
The 1050s BC is a decade which lasted from 1059 BC to 1050 BC.
{{Decadebox BC, 105
Events and trends
* 1057 BC–According to Josephus, Solomon's Temple finishes construction on January 19. This predates secular estimates by more than 120 years a ...
)"
from: -1051 till: -1047 color:PA text:" Amenemnisu (1051 BC
The 1050s BC is a decade which lasted from 1059 BC to 1050 BC.
{{Decadebox BC, 105
Events and trends
* 1057 BC–According to Josephus, Solomon's Temple finishes construction on January 19. This predates secular estimates by more than 120 years a ...
– 1047 BC
The 1040s BC is a decade which lasted from 1049 BC to 1040 BC.
Events and trends
* 1048 BC— Medon, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 20 years and is succeeded by his son Acastus.
* 1046 BC—Following the Battle of Muye, King Wu of Zhou ...
)"
from: -1047 till: -1001 color:PA text:" Psusennes I (1047 BC
The 1040s BC is a decade which lasted from 1049 BC to 1040 BC.
Events and trends
* 1048 BC— Medon, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 20 years and is succeeded by his son Acastus.
* 1046 BC—Following the Battle of Muye, King Wu of Zhou ...
– 1001 BC The 1000s BC is a decade which lasted from 1009 BC to 1000 BC.
Events and trends
* 1006 BC—David becomes king of the ancient United Kingdom of Israel (traditional date).
* Earliest evidence of farming in the Kenya highlands.
* c. 1000 BC—I ...
)"
from: -1001 till: -992 color:PA text:"Amenemope
Amenemope, also Amenemopet, Amenemipet or Amunemopet ''(ỉmn-m-ỉp3.t,'' Greek: ''αμενωφις;'' “Amun in Luxor”) is an Ancient Egyptian name. Its notable bearers were:
* Amenemope (pharaoh) (died 992 BC), pharaoh, 21st dynasty
* Amene ...
(1001 BC The 1000s BC is a decade which lasted from 1009 BC to 1000 BC.
Events and trends
* 1006 BC—David becomes king of the ancient United Kingdom of Israel (traditional date).
* Earliest evidence of farming in the Kenya highlands.
* c. 1000 BC—I ...
– 992 BC The 990s BC is a List of decades, decade which lasted from 999 BC to 990 BC.
Events and trends
* 998 BC—King David establishes Jerusalem as the capital of the Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy), Kingdom of Israel.
* 994 BC—Archippus, Archong ...
)"
from: -992 till: -986 color:PA text:"Osorkon the Elder
Aakheperre Setepenre Osorkon the Elder was the fifth king of the 21st Dynasty of Ancient Egypt and was the first Pharaoh of Meshwesh ( Ancient Libyan) origin. He is also sometimes known as Osochor, following Manetho's ''Aegyptiaca''.
Biograph ...
(992 BC The 990s BC is a List of decades, decade which lasted from 999 BC to 990 BC.
Events and trends
* 998 BC—King David establishes Jerusalem as the capital of the Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy), Kingdom of Israel.
* 994 BC—Archippus, Archong ...
– 986 BC
The 980s BC is a decade which lasted from 989 BC to 980 BC.
Events and trends
* 984 BC—Osorkon the Elder succeeds Amenemope as king of Egypt.
* 0982 BC—The end of first period (1197 BC–982 BC) by Sau Yung's concept of the I Ching
...
)"
from: -986 till: -967 color:PA text:" Siamun (986 BC
The 980s BC is a decade which lasted from 989 BC to 980 BC.
Events and trends
* 984 BC—Osorkon the Elder succeeds Amenemope as king of Egypt.
* 0982 BC—The end of first period (1197 BC–982 BC) by Sau Yung's concept of the I Ching
...
– 967 BC The 960s BC is a List of decades, decade which lasted from 969 BC to 960 BC.
Events and trends
* 967 BC—Tiglath-Pileser II becomes King of Assyria.
* 967 BC—Solomon becomes king of the Israelites. (962 BC—traditional date)
* 965 BC—David, ...
)"
from: -967 till: -943 color:PA text:" Psusennes II (967 BC The 960s BC is a List of decades, decade which lasted from 969 BC to 960 BC.
Events and trends
* 967 BC—Tiglath-Pileser II becomes King of Assyria.
* 967 BC—Solomon becomes king of the Israelites. (962 BC—traditional date)
* 965 BC—David, ...
– 943 BC
The 940s BC is a decade which lasted from 949 BC to 940 BC.
Events and trends
* 949 BC Mahaparinirvana of the historical Buddha Shakyamuni Siddharta, according to far eastern schools of Buddhism.
* 947 BC—Death of Zhou mo wang, King of the ...
)"
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Footnotes
{{reflist
Further reading
* Jaroslav Černý, Studies in the Chronology of the Twenty-First Dynasty,
JEA 32 (1946), 24-30
See also
*
*
Theban High Priests of Amun
External links
* http://www.narmer.pl/dyn/21en.htm
States and territories established in the 11th century BC
States and territories disestablished in the 10th century BC
21
Nile Delta
11th century BC in Egypt
10th century BC in Egypt
11th-century BC establishments in Egypt
10th-century BC disestablishments in Egypt
21
21
Tanis