, ,
"to wade through"
, nickname = Queen Tuul
, image = Tuul River Mongolia.JPG
, image_size =
, image_caption = The Tuul flowing through the
Gorkhi-Terelj National Park
Gorkhi-Terelj National Park ( mn, Горхи-Тэрэлж , ''creek-rhododendron'') is one of the national parks of Mongolia. The Terelj tourist zone has a number of "tourist camps" ( mn, жуулчны бааз, ''juulchny baaz''). It is connect ...
, map = Toula (rivière).png
, map_size = 280
, map_caption =
, pushpin_map =
, pushpin_map_size =
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, subdivision_type1 = Country
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Mongolia
Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...
, subdivision_type2 =
Aimags
, subdivision_name2 =
Khentii,
Töv,
Bulgan,
Selenge
, subdivision_type3 =
, subdivision_name3 =
, subdivision_type4 =
, subdivision_name4 =
, subdivision_type5 = City
, subdivision_name5 =
Ulaanbaatar
Ulaanbaatar (; mn, Улаанбаатар, , "Red Hero"), previously anglicized as Ulan Bator, is the capital and most populous city of Mongolia. It is the coldest capital city in the world, on average. The municipality is located in north ce ...
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Khan Khentii Strictly Protected Area
The Khan Khentii Strictly Protected Area is a government administered Strictly Protected Area in the Khentii aimag (province) in Eastern Mongolia. Strictly Protected Areas are regions of land designated by the Mongolian government as wildlife pre ...
, source1_location =
Erdene sum,
Töv aimag
, source1_coordinates=
, source1_elevation =
, mouth =
Orkhon River
The Orkhon River (; mn, Орхон гол, ''Orkhon gol'', Old Chinese: 安侯水 ''(*arhoushui)'') is a river in Mongolia.
The Orkhon river derives its name from the Old Turkic prefix "or" meaning "middle", and "khan" or king.
It rises in ...
, mouth_location =
Orkhontuul sum,
Selenge
, mouth_coordinates =
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, progression =
, basin_size =
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, tributaries_right =
Terelch River
, custom_label =
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, extra =
![Tuul aus der Vogelperspektive](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Tuul_aus_der_Vogelperspektive.jpg)
The Tuul River or Tula River (; mn, Туул гол, , ; in older sources also Tola) is a river in central and northern
Mongolia
Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...
. Sacred to the
Mongols
The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal membe ...
, the Tuul is generally called the Hatan Tuul ( mn, Хатан Туул, ; "Queen Tuul"). It is long and drains an area of . The
Secret History of the Mongols
''The Secret History of the Mongols'' (Middle Mongol: ''Mongɣol‑un niɣuca tobciyan''; Traditional Mongolian: , Khalkha Mongolian: , ; ) is the oldest surviving literary work in the Mongolian language. It was written for the Mongol royal fam ...
(1240 AD) frequently mentions a "Black Forest of the Tuul River" where the palace of
Ong Khan
Toghrul ( mn, Тоорил хан ''Tooril han''; ), also known as Wang Khan or Ong Khan ( ''Wan han''; ; died 1203) was a khan of the Keraites. He was the blood brother ( anda) of the Mongol chief Yesugei and served as an important early patron ...
was located.
The river originates in the
Khan Khentii Strictly Protected Area
The Khan Khentii Strictly Protected Area is a government administered Strictly Protected Area in the Khentii aimag (province) in Eastern Mongolia. Strictly Protected Areas are regions of land designated by the Mongolian government as wildlife pre ...
in the
Khentii Mountains
The Khentii Mountains ( mn, Хэнтийн нуруу) are a mountain range in the Töv and Khentii Provinces in North Eastern Mongolia.
Geography
The mountain chain overlaps the Khan Khentii Strictly Protected Area and includes Mongolia's ...
, in the
Erdene sum of
Töv aimag.
From there, it travels southwest until it reaches the territory of
Ulaanbaatar
Ulaanbaatar (; mn, Улаанбаатар, , "Red Hero"), previously anglicized as Ulan Bator, is the capital and most populous city of Mongolia. It is the coldest capital city in the world, on average. The municipality is located in north ce ...
. Its water runs through the southern part of the capital city of Mongolia, continuing in a western direction in large loops. When it meets the border of
Bulgan aimag
Bulgan ( mn, Булган) is one of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia, located in northern Mongolia. Its capital is also named Bulgan.
Geography
The aimag is surrounded by Russia ( Buryatia) in the north, the aimags Khövsgöl in the n ...
it turns north, running along that border. After it enters
Selenge aimag, it discharges into the
Orkhon River
The Orkhon River (; mn, Орхон гол, ''Orkhon gol'', Old Chinese: 安侯水 ''(*arhoushui)'') is a river in Mongolia.
The Orkhon river derives its name from the Old Turkic prefix "or" meaning "middle", and "khan" or king.
It rises in ...
near the sum center of
Orkhontuul sum.
The Orkhon flows into the
Selenge River
The Selenga or Selenge ( ; bua, Сэлэнгэ гол / Сэлэнгэ мүрэн, translit=Selenge gol / Selenge müren; russian: Селенга́, ) is a major river in Mongolia and Buryatia, Russia. Originating from its headwater tributaries, ...
, which flows into
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
and
Lake Baikal
Lake Baikal (, russian: Oзеро Байкал, Ozero Baykal ); mn, Байгал нуур, Baigal nuur) is a rift lake in Russia. It is situated in southern Siberia, between the federal subjects of Irkutsk Oblast to the northwest and the Repu ...
. The Tuul River also flows along the
Khustain Nuruu National Park
Hustai National Park (), located in the Khustai Mountains (, lit. ''Birch Mountains'') of Töv Province (Aimag), is a national park of Mongolia. It is also known as Khustain Nuruu National Park. The Tuul River runs through the park.
History
Th ...
. It is typically frozen over from the middle of November through the middle of April. Willow forests grow along the Tuul River, and the river itself is home to endangered species of
sturgeon
Sturgeon is the common name for the 27 species of fish belonging to the family Acipenseridae. The earliest sturgeon fossils date to the Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretace ...
.
Currently the river is suffering from
pollution
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or energy (such as radioactivity, heat, sound, or light). Pollutants, the ...
, some caused by Ulaanbaatar's central sewage treatment facility, as well as heavy mineral and
sedimentation
Sedimentation is the deposition of sediments. It takes place when particles in suspension settle out of the fluid in which they are entrained and come to rest against a barrier. This is due to their motion through the fluid in response to the ...
pollution caused by
gold mining
Gold mining is the extraction of gold resources by mining. Historically, mining gold from alluvial deposits used manual separation processes, such as gold panning. However, with the expansion of gold mining to ores that are not on the surface ...
in the
Zaamar
Zaamar ( mn, Заамар) is a sum of Töv Province in Mongolia. It is one of the largest sums in Mongolia with a total area of 2,900 square kilometres and a population of 37,500 and 7,500 households.
Geography
The Zaamar range is home to bi ...
area. In addition, the steady influx of people settling near the river may be causing a degradation of water quality.
Descriptions
The French missionary
Jean-Francois Gerbillon, who traveled many times through Mongolia, gave a description of the Tuul river in his journal entry dated August 3, 1698:
Monsieur de Bourboulon (Minister of France) also visited the river in 1860:
Orkhon inscriptions
The Orkhon inscriptions (also known as the Orhon inscriptions, Orhun inscriptions, Khöshöö Tsaidam monuments (also spelled ''Khoshoo Tsaidam'', ''Koshu-Tsaidam'' or ''Höshöö Caidam''), or Kul Tigin steles ( zh, t=闕特勤碑, s=阙特勤 ...
states that Once
Toquz Oghuz
The Toquz Oghuz ( otk, 𐱃𐰸𐰆𐰔:𐰆𐰍𐰔, Toquz Oγuz; ; "Turks of Nine Seok (clan), Bones") was a political alliance of nine Turkic languages, Turkic-speaking Tiele people, Tiele Turkic tribal confederations, tribes in Inner Asia, dur ...
were living on the sides of Tuul River neighbouring to
Tatars
The Tatars ()[Tatar]
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different .
Toquz Oghuz
The Toquz Oghuz ( otk, 𐱃𐰸𐰆𐰔:𐰆𐰍𐰔, Toquz Oγuz; ; "Turks of Nine Seok (clan), Bones") was a political alliance of nine Turkic languages, Turkic-speaking Tiele people, Tiele Turkic tribal confederations, tribes in Inner Asia, dur ...
migrated from this place to western regions in the 8th century.
See also
*
List of rivers of Mongolia
This is a list of notable rivers of Mongolia, arranged geographically by river basin.
The Mongolian words for river are ''gol'' (') and ''mörön'' ('), with the latter usually used for larger rivers. The Mongolian names also occasionally have ...
External links
*UNESC
paperon water usage in Mongolia, including information on the Tuul River
*Scientifi
analysisof Tuul River flows (PDF format)
Reporton effects of gold mining on the Tuul River
*Investors
reporton gold deposits in the Tuul River basin
of the Tuul River
Reporton environmental problems in Hustai National Park and the Tuul River valley
References
{{Authority control
Rivers of Mongolia
Ulaanbaatar
Khentii Province
Töv Province
Bulgan Province
Selenge Province