Tushino ( rus, Тушино, p=ˈtuʂɨnə) is a former village and town to the north of
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
, which has been part of the city's area since 1960. Between 1939 and 1960, Tushino was classed as a separate town. The
Skhodnya River
Skhodnya River ( rus, Сходня, p=ˈsxodʲnʲə), also known as Sukhodnya, Vkhodnya, Vykhodnya and Vskhodnya is a river in the northwest of Moscow, Russia, the second largest tributary (after the Yauza) of the Moskva. It is long (of which 5& ...
flows across the southern part of Tushino.
History
The village was attested since the late 14th century as an
estate of
boyar
A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the Feudalism, feudal nobility in many Eastern European states, including Kievan Rus', Bulgarian Empire, Bulgaria, Russian nobility, Russia, Boyars of Moldavia and Wallachia, Wallachia and ...
Vasili Ivanovich Kvashnin-Tusha and later his sons Pyotr and Semyon. In the middle of the 16th century, the village and the nearby Saviour Monastery were acquired by the
Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra
The Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius (russian: Тро́ице-Се́ргиева ла́вра) is the most important Russian monastery and the spiritual centre of the Russian Orthodox Church. The monastery is situated in the town of Sergiyev Pos ...
. One of the finest of Russian
tent-like churches was built in the monastery under
Ivan the Terrible
Ivan IV Vasilyevich (russian: Ива́н Васи́льевич; 25 August 1530 – ), commonly known in English as Ivan the Terrible, was the grand prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and the first Tsar of all Russia from 1547 to 1584.
Ivan ...
.
In the late 16th century, the monastery used to provide lodging for foreign
diplomatic mission
A diplomatic mission or foreign mission is a group of people from a state or organization present in another state to represent the sending state or organization officially in the receiving or host state. In practice, the phrase usually deno ...
s before their arrival in Moscow. During the
Time of Troubles
The Time of Troubles (russian: Смутное время, ), or Smuta (russian: Смута), was a period of political crisis during the Tsardom of Russia which began in 1598 with the death of Fyodor I (Fyodor Ivanovich, the last of the Rurik dy ...
,
False Dmitry II
False Dmitry II ( rus, Лжедмитрий II, Lzhedmitrii II; died ), historically known as Pseudo-Demetrius II and also called "тушинский вор" ("rebel/criminal of Tushino"), was the second of three pretenders to the Russian throne w ...
and his supporters settled in Tushino between 1608 and 1610. The Tushino camp was a replica of the Muscovite court, having its own
prikaz
A prikaz (russian: прика́з, ''prikaz''; , plural: ) was an administrative, judicial, territorial, or executive office functioning on behalf of palace, civil, military, or church authorities in Muscovy and in Russia from the 15th to the 18 ...
es and
the Patriarch. From here, False Dmitry II was laying siege to the
Moscow Kremlin
The Kremlin ( rus, Московский Кремль, r=Moskovskiy Kreml', p=ˈmɐˈskofskʲɪj krʲemlʲ, t=Moscow Kremlin) is a fortified complex in the center of Moscow founded by the Rurik dynasty. It is the best known of the kremlins (R ...
.
In December 1609, the "тушинский вор" ("rebel/criminal of Tushino") (as the impostor came to be known) and his wife
Marina Mniszech
Marina Mniszech, ( pl, Maryna Mniszech; russian: Марина Мнишек, Marina Mnishek, ) also known in Russian lore as Marinka the Witch ( 1588 – 24 December 1614) was a Polish noblewoman
Nobility is a social class found in many so ...
fled from Tushino to
Kaluga
Kaluga ( rus, Калу́га, p=kɐˈɫuɡə), a city and the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast in Russia, stands on the Oka River southwest of Moscow. Population:
Kaluga's most famous resident, the space travel pioneer Konstantin Tsiol ...
after losing Polish support. In 1610, the combined Russo-Swedish army of
Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky
Prince Mikhail Vasiliyevich Skopin-Shuisky (russian: Михаил Васильевич Скопин-Шуйский) (8 November OS (18 November NS) 1586 – 23 April OS (3 May NS) 1610) was a Russian statesman and military figure during the Ti ...
and
Jacob de La Gardie
Field Marshal and Count Jacob Pontusson De la Gardie (Reval, 20 June 1583 – Stockholm, 22 August 1652) was a statesman and a soldier of the Swedish Empire, and a Marshal from 1620 onward.
He was Privy Councilor from 1613 onward, Governor o ...
forced False Dmitry's supporters out of Tushino. Thereafter the monastery was disbanded, and the village declined.
In the second half of the 19th century, Tushino saw the first industrial enterprises, such as
windmill
A windmill is a structure that converts wind power into rotational energy using vanes called windmill sail, sails or blades, specifically to mill (grinding), mill grain (gristmills), but the term is also extended to windpumps, wind turbines, and ...
s and a
textile
Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics. However, weaving is not the ...
mill. In the 1920s, they built Tushino Stocking Factory. In 1929, the
Soviets
Soviet people ( rus, сове́тский наро́д, r=sovyétsky naród), or citizens of the USSR ( rus, гра́ждане СССР, grázhdanye SSSR), was an umbrella demonym for the population of the Soviet Union.
Nationality policy in th ...
established a flying school of the
Osoaviakhim
The Society for the Assistance of Defense, Aircraft and Chemical Construction (russian:
Общество содействия обороне, авиационному и химическому строительству, romanized as ''Obshche ...
(Осоавиахим, which is short for the Society for Support of the Defense, Aviation, and Chemical Industries) and then
Tushino Airfield with research facilities and
aircraft
An aircraft is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air. It counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines ...
factories next to Tushino.
The Tushino workers took an active part in the revolutionary movement: guards were created in 1905, and during the December fighting in Moscow (12 December), the terrorists made an unsuccessful attempt to discourage station Tushino train with weapons. After the suppression of the uprising in Moscow, a Cossack punitive expedition was sent to Tushino. In October 1917, local workers supported the Bolsheviks and the slogan "All Power to the Soviets". At the Tushino-Guchkov Council Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, a revolutionary committee was created, which with the help of the Red Guards seized control of the vicinity of the station; a significant number of local Red Guards took part in the October fighting in Moscow. 104 people were sent to Moscow from "Explorer" (factory). 17 Red factory Hutareva (ex. Suvirovoy) in Bratsevo returned after the fighting and found the factory gates closed. They arrested the owner, who fled. The result, however, was that in the early 20s until
collectivization
Collective farming and communal farming are various types of, "agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise". There are two broad types of communal farms: agricultural cooperatives, in which member ...
, factories did not work, except for Brattsevskoy.
A flight school was founded near Tushino in 1929, followed by a glider factory in 1930.
See also
*
Soviet air shows
In the life of Soviet Union, air shows were a highly regarded type of parade, almost always of military nature. They happened on various occasions and anniversaries, in many locations across the country. A notable air show was the Tushino Air Show ...
, for which Tushino airfield was notable
Online references
South Tushino authorityNorth-West Districtof
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
Tushino airfield at Google maps
{{Coord, 55, 49, 53, N, 37, 26, 24, E, region:RU_type:landmark, display=title
Administrative divisions of Moscow
Defunct towns in Russia