''Turgeniopsis'' is a

monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispec ...

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s belonging to the family Apiaceae. It contains only one known species, ''Turgeniopsis foeniculacea''. The earlier

synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are all ...

''Glochidotheca'' is also used as the accepted genus name, but

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by ...

states that it was not validly published.

Description

It is an annual. It has erect and branched, stems which grow up to high. It has leaves which are 3–4-pinnate, with very fine capillary segments. It blooms between April and May. The white, about 1 mm across flowers, are compound umbels on long peduncles and it has 2–3 rays of partial umbels with 2–3

hermaphrodite In reproductive biology, a hermaphrodite () is an organism that has both kinds of reproductive organs and can produce both gametes associated with male and female sexes. Many Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic groups of animals (mostly invertebrate ...

and several male flowers in the centre. After it has flowered, between May and June, it produces a seed capsule (fruit). It is about 8 by 3.5 mm, are elliptic (in shape), with hooked spines. It is pollinated by insect. Reproduction is carried out by seeds, which are dispersed through zoochory (by animals) or barochory (dropping by gravity).

Taxonomy

The name ''Glochidotheca'' was published in 1843 by Eduard Fenzl, earlier than ''Turgeniopsis'' was published by

Pierre Edmond Boissier Pierre Edmond Boissier (25 May 1810 Geneva – 25 September 1885 Valeyres-sous-Rances) was a Swiss prominent botanist, explorer and mathematician. He was the son of Jacques Boissier (1784-1857) and Caroline Butini (1786-1836), daughter of Pierre ...

in 1844, and some sources use ''Glochidotheca'' as the accepted genus name. However

states that ''Glochidotheca'' was not validly published and so uses ''Turgeniopsis''. The genus name of ''Turgeniopsis'' is in honour of

Alexander Turgenev Alexander Ivanovich Turgenev (russian: Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Турге́нев; (27 March April1784, Simbirsk - 3 5December 1845, Moscow) was a Russian statesman and historian. Biography Alexander Turgenev was born in Si ...

(1784–1845), a Russian statesman and historian. The Latin

specific epithet In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...

of ''foeniculacea'' is derived from '' Foeniculum (fennel). It is placed in subfamily ''Apioideae'' and tribe '' Scandiceae'' subtribe ''Torilidinae''.

Range and habitat

It is native to Bulgaria and parts of western Asia: Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey. In 2011, it was found in

Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

. It is listed as critically endangered in Bulgaria, and is threatened by he poor competitive ability of the species and its small population; overgrazing and strong soil erosion. It grows in stony grasslands and scrubland, on screes, hillsides, on limestone bedrock, usually on shallow soil in the oak-forests belt. It grows at altitudes of above sea level. It can be found growing with '' Inula aschersoniana'', ''

Agropyron brandzae ''Agropyron'' is a genus of Eurasian plants in the Poaceae, grass family), native to Europe and Asia but widely naturalized in North America. Species in the genus are common name, commonly referred to as wheatgrass. ; Species * ''Agropyron bada ...

'', '' Koeleria simonkaii'', '' Polygala rhodopea'', ''

Medicago rhodopea ''Medicago'' is a genus of flowering plants, commonly known as medick or burclover, in the legume family (Fabaceae). It contains at least 87 species and is distributed mainly around the Mediterranean basin. The best-known member of the genus is ...

'', '' Galium rhodopeum'', '' Jasminum fruticans'', and others.

References

{{Taxonbar, from1=Q29527500, from2=Q17582044 Apiaceae Apiaceae genera Plants described in 1844 Flora of Bulgaria Flora of Western Asia