The Turbomeca Turmo is a family of French
turboshaft
A turboshaft engine is a form of gas turbine that is optimized to produce shaftpower rather than jet thrust. In concept, turboshaft engines are very similar to turbojets, with additional turbine expansion to extract heat energy from the exhaust ...
engines manufacturered for helicopter use. Developed from the earlier
Turbomeca Artouste, later versions delivered up to . A
turboprop
A turboprop is a turbine engine that drives an aircraft propeller.
A turboprop consists of an intake, reduction gearbox, compressor, combustor, turbine, and a propelling nozzle. Air enters the intake and is compressed by the compressor. ...
version was developed for use with the
Bréguet 941
The Breguet 941 was a French four-engine turboprop short takeoff and landing (STOL) transport aircraft developed by Breguet in the 1960s. Although widely promoted, both by Breguet in France and by McDonnell Aircraft and McDonnell Douglas in the ...
transport aircraft.
Current versions are built in partnership with
Rolls-Royce
Rolls-Royce (always hyphenated) may refer to:
* Rolls-Royce Limited, a British manufacturer of cars and later aero engines, founded in 1906, now defunct
Automobiles
* Rolls-Royce Motor Cars, the current car manufacturing company incorporated in ...
, and the engine is produced under licence by the Chinese
Changzhou Lan Xiang Machinery Works as the WZ-6 and Romanian
Turbomecanica, Bucharest, as the Turmo IV-CA.
Design and development
The Turmo was initially developed with a single-stage centrifugal compressor, annular combustion chamber and single stage turbine. Power output was from a single-stage free power turbine and was initially .
During early post-war
helicopter
A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by horizontally spinning rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forward, backward and laterally. These attributes ...
development, the use of cold and hot rotor
tip-jet
A tip jet is a jet nozzle at the tip of some helicopter rotor blades, used to spin the rotor, much like a Catherine wheel firework. Tip jets replace the normal shaft drive and have the advantage of placing no torque on the airframe, thus not re ...
s was widely investigated. To provide large mass-flow air for efficient operation of the tip-jets, Turbomeca developed a gas turbine driven gas producer, powered by the free power-turbine of the Turmo to deliver the required gas flow.
[
]
Variants
''Data from:-''Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1957–58[
;Turmo I: The initial version of the Turmo; max continuous gearbox output at 3,000 rpm, at 33,750 rpm gas generator speed.
;Turmo II:Developed version of the Turmo I; max continuous gearbox output at 34,000 rpm gas generator speed.
;Turmo III:With 2-stage free power-turbine, pressure ratio 5.7:1 ;Maximum shaft output , max continuous at 33,400 rpm
;Turmo IIIB:
;Turmo IIIC:A turboshaft powering the ]Sud-Aviation Frelon
The SNCASE SE.3200 Frelon (''Hornet'') is a French helicopter built in the late 1950s. Intended to serve as a multirole helicopter for the French Army, Air Forces and Navy, two prototypes were built and flown before the project was dropped in fav ...
prototypes.
;Turmo IIIC2: Developed from the IIIC delivering maximum output
;Turmo IIIC3: Maximum rating at 33,500 rpm for production Super Frelon helicopters
;Turmo IIIC4: Military variant.
;Turmo IIIC5:
;Turmo IIIC6:
;Turmo IIIC7:
;Turmo IIID:Turboprop for the proposed Breguet Br 942 Breguet or Bréguet may refer to:
* Breguet (watch), watch manufacturer
**Abraham-Louis Breguet (1747–1823), Swiss watchmaker
**Louis-François-Clement Breguet (1804–1883), French physicist, watchmaker, electrical and telegraph work
* Bréguet ...
STOL transport, maximum rating .
;Turmo IIID2: at 22,460 free turbine rpm
Revolutions per minute (abbreviated rpm, RPM, rev/min, r/min, or with the notation min−1) is a unit of rotational speed or rotational frequency for rotating machines.
Standards
ISO 80000-3:2019 defines a unit of rotation as the dimensionl ...
;Turmo IIID3: at 33,500 rpm
;Turmo IVB: Military Variant
;Turmo IVC: Civil Variant
;Turmo IV-CA:Licence production in Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and ...
;Turmo VI:Turboprop engine with two axial stages, one centrifugal compressor stage and two free power turbine stages, rated at at 32,000 rpm.
;WZ-6:Licence production at the Changzhou Lan Xiang Machinery Works in the People's Republic of China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
.
Applications
;Turboshaft
* Sud-Est SE.3140 Alouette II
* Aérospatiale SA 321 Super Frelon
The Aérospatiale (formerly Sud Aviation) SA 321 Super Frelon ("Super Hornet") is a three-engined heavy transport helicopter produced by aerospace manufacturer Sud Aviation of France. It held the distinction of being the most powerful helicopter ...
* Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma
The Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma is a four-bladed, twin-engined medium transport/utility helicopter that was designed and originally produced by the French aerospace manufacturer Sud Aviation. It is capable of carrying up to 20 passengers as well as ...
* Bölkow Bo 46
The Bölkow Bo 46 was a West German experimental helicopter built to test the Derschmidt rotor system that aimed to allow much higher speeds than traditional helicopter designs. Wind tunnel testing showed promise, but the Bo 46 demonstrated a ...
* IAR 330
The IAR 330 is a licence-built version of the Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma helicopter, manufactured by the Romanian aerospace manufacturer IAR Brașov.
The IAR 330 was produced under a licensing agreement with the French aerospace firm Aérospati ...
* SNCASE SE.3200 Frelon
* Turbotrain
The Turbotrain was any of several French high-speed, gas turbine trains. The earliest Turbotrain entered service in 1967, for use on France's SNCF intercity lines. There were four versions in total, with the last exiting service in 2005, and it ...
* SNCF Class T 2000
SNCF Class T 2000 trainsets, also known under their French acronym RTG (''Rame à turbine à gaz,'' i.e., gas turbine trainset), were the second generation of turbine-powered trains in France and saw commercial service from 1972 to 2004.
Histo ...
* N.300 Naviplane
The N.300 Naviplane was a French 30-ton multipurpose Air-cushion vehicle built by SEDAM (''Société d'Etude et de Développement des Aéroglisseurs Marins'') for the Naviplane series of Aéroglisseur (Hovercraft).
This was a series of multi-sk ...
;Turboprop
* Breguet Br 940 Integral
* Bréguet 941
The Breguet 941 was a French four-engine turboprop short takeoff and landing (STOL) transport aircraft developed by Breguet in the 1960s. Although widely promoted, both by Breguet in France and by McDonnell Aircraft and McDonnell Douglas in the ...
* Breguet 941S
;Automobile
* Renault Étoile Filante[
]
Specifications (Turmo IIIC7)
See also
References
Further reading
*
External links
Turbomeca website
{{People's Republic of China military aeroengines
Turbomeca aircraft engines
1950s turboshaft engines
Mixed-compressor gas turbines